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Literature review on reading habits
Approaches to understanding and defining genre
The relevance of style to writing
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Recommended: Literature review on reading habits
Reading, for the true enthusiasts, is a time to take a break, a vacation from the everyday hum-drum life. It is a time for him or her to escape what he or she knows to experience and view life through another’s eyes. For one who truly enjoys this pastime, it does not matter what the genre is. Whether short fictional tales or non-fiction stories. Whether poetry or essays the reader escapes through reading. This paper will compare the elements of narrative in two fictional and two non-fictional works, exploring such areas as the credibility, entertainment value and superiority within the distinct character of both, the fictional and non-fictional genres of literature. The stories, The Richer, the Poorer by Dorothy West and My Lack of Gumption, by Russell Baker both taken from The Art of Work (LaRocco & Coughlin, 1996, p. 106 and 119) and The Virus, by Craig Brown and Buy a Cellular Phone, Sublet Your Soul by Robert Aquinas McNally both taken from The Literature of Work (Murphy, S., Sperling, J., & Murphy, J, 1991, p 29 & 277) will be used for the various crossover themes that are perceptible in them.
NARRATIVE
Narrative is defined as “the general term (for a story long or short; of past, present or future; factual or imagined; told for any purpose; and with or without much detail).” (2006) In a fictional work, narrative may be used to create emotion or evoke emotional responses from the reader. Emotions such as love, fear, anger and pain can be enhanced or exaggerated in a fictional account to pike the readers interest.
In a non-fictional work narrative can be used to condense time to eliminate unimportant or uninteresting points in a story. Whole periods can be skipped so more time can be spent describing or exploring the most essential or momentous points of the true account. Facts are the basic elements upon which a story is built.
Have you heard of the book Maniac Magee? Maniac Magee becomes an orphan at the age of three. His parents died in a trolley accident and ran away after living with his aunt and uncle for 8 years. Maniac’s real name is Jeffrey. He is a kind hearted person who is athletic and he’s always thinking about others. Maniac has trouble finding a permanent home and being accepted in the black community even though he’s white. In both the movie and book they have similarities and differences.
This type of "narrative" writing gives believability to the people, and a sense of realism to the story.
In our contemporary civilization, it is evident that different people have somewhat different personalities and that novels behold essential and key roles in our daily lives; they shape and influence our world in numerous ways via the themes and messages expressed by the authors. It is so, due to the different likes of our population, that we find numerous types and genres of books on our bookshelves, each possessing its own audience of readers and fans. In this compare and contrast essay, we will be analysing and comparing two novels, The Chrysalids and Animal Farm, and demonstrating how both books target the general audience and not one specific age group or audience of readers. We will be shedding light at the themes and messages conveyed to us in both books, the point of view and the style of writing of the authors as well as the plot and the format used by the authors, in order to demonstrate how both books are targeting the general audience.
"Unit 2: Reading & Writing About Short Fiction." ENGL200: Composition and Literature. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. 49-219. Web. 19 Apr. 2014.
Stories are the way humans share, create, and explore their many experiences and identities with each other. When a story is told, the original content lingers depending upon how the storyteller recalls the content. Once the story is retold, it often takes on different details and meanings, because each storyteller adds their own perspective, experience, and meaning. The story then begins to have its own life. Each storyteller has a connection to the beginning and the end of the story.
Tan, Amy. “Two Kinds.” Exploring Literature: Writing and Arguing About Fiction, Poetry, Drama and The Essay.4th e. Ed. Frank Madden. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009. 253-261. Print.
1. Growing up we all heard stories. Different types of stories, some so realistic, we cling onto them farther into our lives. Stories let us see and even feel the world in different prespectives, and this is becuase of the writter or story teller. We learn, survive and entertain our selves using past experiences, which are in present shared as stories. This is why Roger Rosenblatt said, "We are a narrative species."
Narrative structure is traditionally made up of two parts the story and the plot. Story describes the events as they are told to or seen by the audience. Plot is what happened in chronological order within the story world (see figure). The distinction between story and plot is further defined by No Film School’s Justin
All Narrative is inherently flawed and never accurately describes a given situation. A narrative is a retelling of something that happened. This can take on a variety of forms from words, painting, acting, the list is extensive and a full list is unnecessary here and impractical. It is important to note that the Narrative is not the story itself but the act in which is used to tell it. So an event captured on film and shared among a group is not a narrative. When a member of the group tells the story of the video is when it becomes a narrative. A story is a sequence of events whereas a narrative speaks of these events as they pertain to the narrator. The narrative is thus colored by the personal reality and the inherent weaknesses associated with memory and the human mind. Narrative is thus Rhetoric as it is meant to persuade the audience toward one conclusion or another. This concept explains that most of the narratives we use come from our personal experiences. When a friend or family member tells us about their day and what has gone wrong to what is good, they are telling us how they want us to see them. This need to steer the audience creates flaws within he story.
What literary elements make one short story superior to another? Steven Dunning believes that the superior story should combine a good narrative structure with a deep psychological reality. It is quite obvious that he values psychological reality over a well-written narrative. In this paper I will be summarizing Dunnings analysis of two short stories, "Appointment with Love" and "The Chaser" the article is called "Short Stories and Taste."
Thinking back to our childhood, we all remember hearing many kinds of fairy tales. Some of them inspired us others confused us, and most of them taught us valuable lessons. Through out centuries tales and stories have been used as a valuable tool to pass on our culture to new generations. There is a strong belief that these fairy tales mirror and influence society. All cultures interpret tales in their own unique way. They add and subtract various aspects of the tale to fit the needs of their particular society. The same tale in the United States is different from the tale told in Asia. A good example of tale evolution can be seen in one of the most famous tales ever told which is “Cinderella”. As a professor of women’s history Karol Kelley points out in her essay Pretty Woman: A Modern Cinderella “There are some 700 versions of Cinderella”.This fairy tale as many others has been changing for many years, and in recent years Cinderella has come under some criticism for its depiction of women’s roles in society.
Generally speaking, the two most frequently used genres in literature are fictional and non-fictional. Having said this, fictional and non-fictional literature are distinct regarding their purpose as well the literary devices they use. Literary devices are specific language methods which writers use to form text that is clear, interesting, and unforgettable. Fictional literature, for instance, is something that is made up; however, non-fictional is factual. Furthermore, non-fictional works of literature such as literary essays usually convey a message using literary devices that differ than those used in fictional literature such as short stories, which are meant to amuse its readers. Literary essays uses literary devices such as description,
The narratives is a necessary component. The narratives lead the audience to think about the event that the speaker talked about. Expression of values and goals is the main aim of narratives. (Hampton, 2004) stated that stories provide frames for understanding experiences, explaining and solving problems, and giving emphasis to moral value.
There are three functions of narrative theory: poetic, dialectical and rhetorical. Poetic function observes the transformation of relationships, dialectical gives the presentation of truth and rhetorical offers analytical and evaluative readings of narratives and narrative elements in situated discourse or acts aimed at persuading, convincing, uniting or otherwise moving people towards specific ends (Lucaites 103-105). The writer and reader together, impart time and space of a narrative, the writer structuring a sequence, frame, and point of view into the text and the reader finding it out. The narrative will invite its reader into many levels of narrative time, the relationship among them contributing to meaning. A narrative not only means something but does something, being simultaneously both a structure and an act. James Phelan looks at narrative theory through a rhetorical perspective and uses that to look at fiction books and how they share a meaning to readers
Because of this, there is a notable difference between how easy it is to relate to fictional narratives and non-fictional writing. Bruner (Bruner J 1986) argued that narratives cannot be separated from fiction because every narrative told by an individual includes an interpretation of an event and the narrator’s goals in telling the story. The structure of the literature determines how the text will influence the reader’s mind. This structure of narrative writing is seen most in fictional literature. Fiction focuses most on the goal of how much will a reader believe. Unlike non fiction, which is more noted on it’s straight forward facts. There’s a more direct focus in fiction on, “whether it establishes verisimilitude, or truthlikeness.” (Gallese V 2001) A reader will be affected by a fictional narrative only when it creates a narrative world that is real but only within its context and a reader can deem it realistic. This then creates a magnetic draw and appeal to the narrative or transportation. However, nonfictional thinking is not able to elicit those same feelings. Fictional narratives present characters, events and the setting of a story in such a way that the reader can become transported and hence change through the narrative. Because of this, fictional reading is able to elicit more empathy via transportation. This