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Drug war in latin america
Causes and effects of drug trafficking and production in latin america
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Colombia has been a supply of illegal for many countries. Mexico and United States being their two most important buyers. With Mexico being their distributor into United States, Colombia supplies the illegal drug use United States demands. In this paper, the treat of Colombian organized crime to United States will be analyzed. Authors Lyman and Potter (2014) mention in the text, during the mid-1970s Colombian drug cartels surfaced. It became apparent that United States had connections with Colombia; Colombia was controlling the actual smuggling of cocaine into the United States. The first cartel identified was the Medellin Cartel, which dominated the cocaine trade in New York and Miami. Making it the largest Colombian trafficking syndicate operating in the United States. Colombia used Mexico as their distributor to United States. Colombia payed Mexican cartels to use their own transportation methods to cross cocaine into United States. After cost …show more content…
The information I provided about the Colombian groups are focused more in the late 70’s. During this era, violence in the U.S. sky rocketed due to drugs arriving into U.S. land and members of Colombian groups coming into U.S. Ultimately, Colombian organized crime groups did pose a threat to U.S. many years ago. Other countries like Peru, Mexico, etc. pose the same threat to U.S. currently because they are supplying our country with illegal drugs. Essentially, traditional organized crime groups pose a greater threat to U.S. today. Because they are the ones who are committing crimes, causing violence, drug sales, robberies, kidnappings, and other jobs street gangs do. Although, drugs are still being supplied by other countries and crossing them through U.S. borders. Traditional organized crime groups are in charge of distribution, which causes violence, increase crime rates, and other criminal
Recent arrests and the diminished opportunity to forward cocaine to U.S had left them with the necessity to embark in kidnappings, auto thefts, extortion, murders for hire, human smuggling, and other felonies not to mention that local demand for narcotics had increased recently. The Tijuana Cartel operations extents from the U.S Mexico border across Central America through the Pacific Route and receives support of one of most violent criminal organizations: Los
Sub Point 1: Tessa Vinson explains the origins of The Cartel in the Spring 2009 issue of The Monitor. Chinese immigrants working on the railroads brought with them the knowledge of how to grow poppy. Poppy is a plant which contains opium which is a source for many other drugs. As the need for poppy grew in demand Sinaloens began to export it through the Pacific Railroad into the United States. The United States and Mexico became increasingly aware of this and launched "Operation Condor" on November 1975, which eliminated most poppy fields aerially. This forced many small cartels to go out of business but also eliminated competition for the more established cartels. With the supply of poppy gone most cartels shifted their attention toward Columbian cocaine. In the mid-1970s Drug lord Miguel Angel Felix Gallardo who was in charge of powerful Guadalajara cartel began to export cocaine, he became known as "El Padrino" as he eventually controlled almost all of the drug market. (Vinson, 2009, pp.
Our team presentation focused on three Latino gangs, MS-13 (Mara Salvatrucha), the Mexican Mafia and the Los Surenos gang. My part of the presentation was to provide information on the type of crime these three gangs are known to commit. The crimes committed by the MS-13 gang are varied, violent, and take place all over the country. The FBI even put together a task force called the MS-13 National Gang Task Force in December of 2004 to try to put a stop to this gang’s activities. (www.fbi.gov). Los Surenos or Sur-13, originally based in Los Angeles, has also branched out from turf wars with rival gangs to “for profit”, violent crimes across the country. The Mexican Mafia has a similar story to tell as well in regards to gang crimes, which again range from respect crimes, and retaliatory violence to crimes for profit.
Colombia’s trade agreement with the United States opened new doors to foreign direct investment and growth in the manufacturing and industrial sectors. One major issue that Colombia deals with is that a major sum of that money and investment goes through what is called money laundering; which is a method used by criminals including FARC to clean the money that they made through the drug trade or illicit weapons trades. Due to the restrictive Colombian currency controls and tax laws, a black market to exchange currency has existed for decades for Colombian businessmen. As banks around the world became stricter about money laundering laws, Colombian traffickers began avoiding using the legitimate bank system and started infiltrating the black peso exchange to launder their drug money. This sophisticated method would eventually become known as the Black Market Peso Exchange, and is still one the most successful money laundering methods ever devised. “Fanny Kertzman, the former chief of Colombian Customs, says the black peso exchange launders almost $5 billion dollars of drug money a year for the Colombian traffickers”. Raymond Kelly, Commissioner of the US Customs Service stated that it’s the ultimate nexus between crime and commerce, using global trade to mask global money laundering. “Money Laundering is a gateway for the drug traffickers, FARC
Mexico is a country rich in tradition, history and culture. Unfortunately, Mexico has not been talked about for any of those descriptions I mentioned above lately. Mexico has become a country full of death and violence. The Mexican government has been fighting a war with drug traffickers since December 2006. At the same time, drug cartels have fought each other for control of territory. More than 60,000 people have been killed (CNN). Despite the “war” launched at these multi-billion dollar organized crime groups, Mexico has not been able to stop its slide as a failed state. Almost every day there seems to be either dead bodies lying on the ground, a school closed due to vandalism, disappeared people, or bullet-riddled houses and cars. Sadly, there is not much the citizens of Mexico can do to ask for justice and change to the mess they are living in right now. So who is to blame for all of this? The Mexican drug cartels have completely taken over Mexico. They have become powerful through corruption and violence. The cartels use their power to intimidate and even murder anyone who tries to get in their way. They do not have a problem with decapitating heads in order to make a statement. The drug cartels also use their money to gain power. Given the amount of money they have, the cartels have millions of dollars invested in keeping authorities off their business. They can be very effective in bribing government officials at all levels, from border patrol just patrolling the border to state and high ranking federal officials. Given the resources they have, they can reach out and kill government officials at all levels. Since government officials are faced with bribes and or certain death, even the most unbreakable are caut...
This source is valuable to examine as it demonstrates how cocaine rendered the country more vulnerable to globalization when the nation was already engaged in a prolonged armed conflict. Taussig himself asserts how cocaine exposed the nation to other threats, claiming, “along with the cocaine come the guerrilla, and behind the guerrilla come the paramilitaries in a war without mercy for control of the coca fields and therefore of what little is left of the staggeringly incompetent Colombian state” (16). This source is also valuable as Taussig even mentions how the United States War on Drugs in the 1970s heightened conflict and corruption, doing nothing on an international scale and allowing for Colombian cartels to dominate the cocaine market throughout the 1980s. My Cocaine Museum analyzes Colombia’s transition to cocaine and a critique of world inaction and globalization, interweaving both fact and fiction through first-hand accounts of Colombia’s history. In this sense, it is a worthy source to examine due to the first-hand stories of the violence caused by cocaine trade. Yet, the novel shares a limited perspective as it only tells one side of the story of the arise of cocaine and gives little voice to those who took over the farms and turned them into profit machines for funding the war. Nonetheless, it sheds light on a very important reality in Colombian
The Revolutionary Forces of Colombia (FARC), National Liberation Army of Colombia (ELN), and United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), are three known dangerous terrorist groups in Colombia (White, 2014). The FARC has caused further terrorism than the ELN and AUC combined. Some of the differences between the groups explain the dominant posture that the FARC holds.
Mexico has a long history of cartels the deaths, drugs and weapon trafficking is in all time high increasing year by year. “Mexico's gangs have flourished since the late 19th century, mostly in the north due to their proximity to towns along the U.S.-Mexico border. But it was the American appetite for cocaine in the 1970s that gave Mexican drug cartels immense power to manufacture and transport drugs across the border. Early Mexican gangs were primarily situated in border towns where prostitution, drug use, bootlegging and extortion flourished” (Wagner). They keep themselves armed and ready with gun supplies shipped from the U.S, taking control of the drug trades. The violence is spilling so out of control that they overthrew the Mexican government.
First of all, it is important to highlight that Colombia plays a particular role in the chain of money laundering globally. Colombia has been classified by many as the main producer and exporter of cocaine in the world ; in consequence, it should be expected to find generous literature and articles regarding money laundering which support this assertion. Surprisingly, a specialized database as Jane’s Information Group only lists a few more than one hundred results regarding this topic for the last twenty years. On the contrary, Factiva database lists more than five thousand results under the same parameters of search. Similarly, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime presents more than five thousand articles related to money laundering in Colombia. Hence, it is possible to visualize the limited resources and effort that Jane’s allocates to cover this important issue of international crime in comp...
Over the last several decades, violence has consumed and transformed Mexico. Since the rise of dozens of Mexican cartels, the Mexican government has constantly been fighting an ongoing war with these criminal organizations. The cartel organizations have a primary purpose of managing and controlling illegal drug trafficking operations in Central America and South America to the United States. Violence on a massive and brutal scale has emerged due to the nature of the illegal drug trade. Because the drug trade is vastly widespread, cartels are often fighting one another and competing in business. Mexican authorities count at least 12 major cartels, but also talk of an untold numbers of smaller splinter groups. (Taipei Times). Five cartels from Mexico have risen to become the extremely powerful amongst all the drug organizations operating in Mexico. The Guadalajara Cartel, the Sinaloa Cartel, the Tijuana Cartel, the Juarez Cartel, and the Gulf Cartel. These organizations, along with other distinguished Mexican cartels, have plagued Mexico with violence, terror, and fear due to the essence and nature of illegal drug trafficking.
Bibliography: http://terrorism.about.com/od/groupsleader1/p/FARC.htm http://www.tni.org/briefing/revolutionary-armed-forces-colombia-farc-and-illicit-drug-trade http://www.cfr.org/colombia/farc-eln-colombias-left-wing-guerrillas/p9272 http://www.start.umd.edu/tops/terrorist_organization_profile.asp?id=96 (Economist (ISVG.org). http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-1140095 ICG.ORG
The Cali Cartel was formed by the Rodriguez brothers and Santacruz and was based in southern Columbia. They were the main rivals of the Medellin Cartel. They made their empire from trafficking cocaine into the United States. The Cartel operated as a tight group of independent criminal organizations. They had started out by trafficking marijuana but quickly went to cocaine because of how much easier it was. At the height of their reign they were to believed to have controlled over 90% of the world’s cocaine market and responsible for the market growth in Europe. The Cartel was a multi-billion dollar business by the mid 90’s. During 1996 it was believed that the Cartel was grossing 7 billion dollars in annual revenue just from the United States. With all the money the Cartel was making they got into the laundering business and they had Gilbert...
“Mexicans smugglers have long trafficked homegrown heroin and marijuana to the U.S. But in the 1980’s, mexico also became the primary route for colombian cocaine bound for the U.S” (Bates). According to Bates, when Guadalajara’s leader was arrested in 1989, the groups remaining capos, including a young Guzman divided up its trafficking routes, creating the Sinaloa, Juarez, and Tijuana Cartels.
D. After the high demand of cocaine in the United States, Pablo made so much cash that he stored most of it in different warehouses, where 10% had to be considered as “spoilage” because of rats that nibbled on hundred dollar bills. In 1982, Escobar was elected as an alternate member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia as part of the Colombian Liberal Party. II- The Ultimate Power A. During the Medellin cartel’s height of power, the cartel brought in more than $60 million per day. B. According to Pablo Escobar, the essence of cocaine business was simple, “You bribe someone here, you bribe someone there, and you pay a friendly banker to help you bring the money
Drug trafficking has been a massive concern between the borders of Mexico and the U.S. “since mid 1970s” (Wyler, 1). Drug trafficking is “knowingly being in possession, manufacturing, selling, purchasing, or delivering an illegal, controlled substance” (LaMance, 1). A dynamic relationship exists amongst Columbia, Mexico, and the U.S. the informal drug trafficking economy. This growing informal drug economy leads to many individuals creating a substantial living through this undercover market. These individual drug cartels monopolizing the trafficking market are a growing problem for the U.S economy and need to be located and controlled. If this trafficking continues, the U.S. informal economy will crush the growth of legal industries. The trafficking and abuse of drugs in the U.S. affects nearly all aspects of consumer life. Drug trafficking remains a growing issue and concern to the U.S. government. The U.S. border control must find a way to work with Mexico to overpower the individuals who contribute to the drug trafficking business. This market must be seized and these individuals must be stopped.