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Health care and its problems in the us essays
Supply and demand in the healthcare industry
Health care and its problems in the us essays
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The contentious debate about our healthcare system is an epitome of the ongoing political circus in America. With the 2012 elections looming just around the corner, we can expect the vitriol to rise rapidly. Our country spends twice as much on health care per capita compared to other developed countries. The current system is so dysfunctional and projected spending will increase every year, putting an unbelievable strain to our fragile economy. Majority of health care dollars spending are channeled on to patients with chronic illnesses, many of which can be prevented. Unfortunately, medical doctors practicing preventive care are being squeezed out of the equation. The shortage of primary care doctors in America is inevitable because of limited income, lesser prestige, and fewer opportunities. Most of us have always looked up to primary care physicians for almost all of our healthcare needs. They intimately know our medical history and have a general concern for our wellbeing. This field of practice is mostly dominated by people who finished internal medicine, family medicine, and general practice. After eight years of schooling, coupled with six figure student loans, some of these tireless workers are facing a thankless job. The current set up does not give them the rewards they properly deserve. In fact, the prospect of a limited income is completely unavoidable. These medical doctors are also small business owners. First, they invest an enormous amount of money for office space, office equipments, and medical equipments. Second, the additional burden of overhead expenses and personnel salaries will put a dent on their bottom-line. Third, the inescapable specter of malpractice insurance premiums is a necessary evil the... ... middle of paper ... ...ires hospitals and ambulance services to provide anyone needing emergency medical care regardless of legal status or ability to pay. EMTALA virtually applies to all hospitals in the U.S. that accepts payment from the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services. This law essentially gives anyone a free pass for free medical care. Consequently, more people go to emergency rooms for preventive care and skip the hassle of paying a primary care doctor. Every American will be at the losing end if the shortage of primary care doctors continues. Our current system is broken and all the alternatives our politicians are recommending favors only special interest groups whose only concern is their bottom-line. Our policy makers will not understand the predicament of the average citizen. Their special health insurance coverage insulates them from problem we all encounter.
The number of doctors that present in the United States of America directly affects the communities that these doctors serve and plays a large role in how the country and its citizens approach health care. The United States experienced a physician surplus in the 1980s, and was affected in several ways after this. However, many experts today have said that there is currently a shortage of physicians in the United States, or, at the very least, that there will be a shortage in the near future. The nation-wide statuses of a physician surplus or shortage have many implications, some of which are quite detrimental to society. However, there are certain remedies that can be implemented in order to attempt to rectify the problems, or alleviate some of their symptoms.
Quality healthcare in the more rural areas of the United States is not only getting more difficult to obtain, but difficult to afford. American citizens living in rural areas have the highest rates of chronic disease, higher poverty populations, less health insurance, and there is less access to primary care physicians. When the economy is at its lowest point it causes an increase in a number of access and health issues that have already had prior problems in communities and in rural areas, therefore the main goal of the national health care tax of 2010 was to allow coverage to all residents of the United States, and also by transferring necessary health care to places that were farther away, such as the rustic areas of the United States (HealthReform.Gov, 2012).
As if Medicare’s declining reimbursements was not a big enough deterrent to lengthier, more satisfying higher-quality visits, Medicare’s reimbursement system actually outright punishes doctors for spending more time with patients. As the length of visit increases, Medicare reimburses physicians marginally less. For example, in the D.C. metro area, Medicare reimburses physicians $47.53 for a 10-minute follow up visit (CPT 99212), but only $154.76 for a comparable 40-minute visit (CPT 99215). Financially, doctors are better off taking care of four established patients in a 40-minute block as opposed to seeing one patient for 40 minutes. This puts additional pressure on physicians to see more patients in less time, with job satisfaction
In order to make ones’ health care coverage more affordable, the nation needs to address the continually increasing medical care costs. Approximately more than one-sixth of the United States economy is devoted to health care spending, such as: soaring prices for medical services, costly prescription drugs, newly advanced medical technology, and even unhealthy lifestyles. Our system is spending approximately $2.7 trillion annually on health care. According to experts, it is estimated that approximately 20%-30% of that spending (approx. $800 billion a year) appears to go towards wasteful, redundant, or even inefficient care.
The U.S. expends far more on healthcare than any other country in the world, yet we get fewer benefits, less than ideal health outcomes, and a lot of dissatisfaction manifested by unequal access, the significant numbers of uninsured and underinsured Americans, uneven quality, and unconstrained wastes. The financing of healthcare is also complicated, as there is no single payer system and payment schemes vary across payors and providers.
Vaughn, B. T., DeVrieze, S. R., Reed, S. D., & Schulman, K. A. (2010). Can We Close The Income And Wealth Gap Between Specialists And Primary Care Physicians? Health Affairs, 29(5), 933-940. Retrieved from http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/29/5/933.full
In the midst of changes occurring in the United States one experiment currently taking place is with new reimbursement arrangements called pay-for-performance. In pay-for-performance physicians performance becomes tied to quality. Pay-for-performance is likely to face challenges ahead as it is implemented and utilized in the United States through adoption of electronic medical records. This paper will cover those possible challenges along with addressing general concerns.
Kuo, Lorest, Rounds, and James (2013) examined the relationship of the percentage of medicare patients seeing NPs for primary care and the level of restriction placed on NP practice in the state. The authors hypothesized that in states in which there were both fewer primary care physicians per capita and less restrictive NP laws, a higher amount of medicare patients would report NPs as
There is growing trend where physicians are choosing different specialties instead of choosing primary care, primarily due to low reimbursement rate in
Also, the way these physicians are distributed is poor. In 2008, there were 69,460 practicing physicians in California (this includes Doctors of Medicine and Osteopathic Medicine), and 35 percent (or 24,124) of these physicians reported that they only practice primary care. That works out to 63 working primary care physicians in patient care per 100,000 residents. The Council on Graduate Medical Education recommends that a range of 60 to 80 primary care physicians are needed per 100,000 residents to adequately meet the needs of the surrounding population. As it stands, only 16 of California?s 58 counties comply with the needed supply parameters for primary care physicians. The areas within California that meet the recommended numbers for primary care physicians are the Bay Area, Sacramento, and Orange counties. The same is true for other healthcare professionals such as Physicians Assistants, Nurses/Nurse Practitioners and Registered Nurses. Even though the numbers are growing, the county and state are still below the necessary numbers to adequately assist the existing population. This might be further impacted with the passing of the ACA. It is expected that 4 million more residents will be insured due to mandates written into the ACA legislation further impacting the availability of health care professionals. An area that is greatly under represented is in the Mental and Behavioral Health Services area. There is a particularly low representation rate for child psychiatrists, community-based counselors, and psychiatric nurse practitioners. It is expected that the currently uninsured adults gaining access to health insurance through ACA are likely to have more behavioral health problems such as substance abuse and mental health issues, which will increase demand for these. In addition to
healthcare system needs to be looked at as it can impact the future healthcare delivery. As Dr. Goodson (2010) explicates, there are “promises and perils for primary care”. Dr. Goodson looks at the promises of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) (2010) – reestablishing primary care in the U. S. healthcare delivery, funding for education and training of primary care physicians, ten percent increase in payment for five years with funding the payments for Medicaid. Dr. Goodson also gives an account of the perils of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) (2010) – decreasing number of primary care physician education and training which hinders the idea of full access to healthcare and the idea of fee capitation might restrict providing care for complicated and expensive healthcare
This requires coverage of promotive, curative, preventive, and palliative services. (Kieny & Evans 2013). Universal Care demands an increment of health insurance enrollment but “the surge in enrollment is expected to place a strain on provider capacity, especially for primary care physicians” (Hall & Lord 2014, page. 7). The United States healthcare system does not have the amount of physician to supply the needs of the remarkable number of patients enrolled under the new healthcare reform. Moreover, during the first open enrollment period (which ended in March 2014), about eight million people purchased individual insurance through the state and federal exchanges, exceeding expectations despite severe software problems. About a quarter of these enrollees were previously uninsured. Another six million uninsured people enrolled with Medicaid.( Hall & Lord 2014, page. 6) Definitely, this enrollment surge could result in a shortage of available physicians, especially primary care
Physicians play an important part of any healthcare system. Many physicians arrive into the profession with sole purpose of helping patients who are in need of medical assistance. The path to become a board certified physician is challenging and requires years of dedication and education. Physicians just want to provide the best care possible to the patients with as little as possible outside distraction as possible (Unruh, 2013). The relationship between physicians and hospital managers has always been up and down. Both parties have
The U.S. is experiencing a shortage of doctors and expected to get worse in the next 10 years. According to Association of American Medical College(AAMC) the U.S. will face a shortage of physicians between the amount 46,100 and 90,000 and another 12,500 to 31,000 primary care physicians by the year 2025. The Affordable Care Act is expected to accelerate this rate specially because the baby boomers are getting old. With their aging comes complex conditions like arthritis, high blood pressure, pulmonary disease, diabetes, and cancer. These conditions will require a lot of medical attention. So, the problem is that not enough doctors are produced to keep up with the changing demographic that will change over the next ten years.
The majority Americans expect better quality health care seeing how expensive it is in the US. Since the nation spends so much on health care, the people expect better results and outcomes from doctors but this isn’t the case. Doctors that require more money in order to be treated do not have better patient outcomes. A study found that higher spending doctors do not have lower death rates or less readmissions after being discharged (Tsugawa 3). This study shows that even though people think that their outcomes are affected by the sizable amount of money they pay to be treated by these doctors, they get the same, if not worse, care if they were to pay for the less expensive doctors. Better, more costly medical equipment patients pay extra for do not attest to better patient outcomes. Advanced, more expensive medical equipment has not led to better patient outcome for citizens in the US. The US has one of the most unfavorable health statistics in the world, despite the advanced medical technology (Kangas 25). The exorbitant equipment that patients long to receive treatment from don’t convey better outcomes compared to the less expensive, older equipment, even though the high price makes people falsely assume otherwise.Patient outcomes are not positively affected by higher spending doctors more costly doctors. Doctors and physicians in hospitals are all