Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Theory of domestic violence
American sociological review domestic violence
Observations on domestic violence
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Theory of domestic violence
Book Review Doctor Evan Stark began writing his book Coercive Control: How Men Entrap Women in Personal Life in 1995. Unquestionably so, completing this book was an extensive undertaking. His entrenchment and immersion in the field of domestic violence relating to social work, legal/policy and research, spans far greater than the twelve years it took him to complete this book. Stark draws from, and acknowledges, colleagues as well friendships that have provided him with the knowledge base necessary to compete such an exhaustive work. Dr. Stark’s credentials in the area of violence against women developed through both his own academic career and his professional achievements. Additionally, the network of other anti-violence colleagues he has …show more content…
The changes in criminal justice response to domestic violence have increased the number of arrests. Yet Stark explains that the probability that an arrest will lead to a sentence remains minimal (p. 79). The number of violent attacks on women by their partners is about the same today as it was before the domestic revolution, but the frequency of minor injuries has increased rapidly (p. 79). Stark explains that at the heart of the domestic violence revolution was the acceptance of a particular type of violence and victimization. Although this made the domestic violence revolution successful in the ways outlined above, it also failed to encompass the experiences of women outside of these narrow …show more content…
This is a weakness of the book in two ways. First, police and other criminal justice actors remain involved in the response to coercive controlling disputes. For police to respond appropriately they must be able to detect the situation at hand. With knowledge of the coercive controlling model, officers may be more equipped to respond appropriately and to remove the perpetrator. However, that is based on the assumption that police will be called in the first place. This ignores the reality that police are not often called in these types of relationships. Second, is that police will be able to detect that coercive control is what is taking place. This is a point that Stark recognizes in relation to domestic violence, and it seems to apply to coercive control as well. The most coercive and controlling relationships will not be easily detected as the perpetrator will have indoctrinated the victim to such an extend it is not likely that she will feel safe enough to speak out to the officers. Next, he suggests that there is a need to craft a new body of criminal and civil law to identify coercive control. The problem however remains; that criminal and civil law are built on a foundation of patriarchy. It is unclear if by a new body of criminal and civil law Stark is referring to a structure that is completely
In her book On the Run: Fugitive Live in an American City, Alice Goffman points out that law enforcement interferes with the lives of people in the crime-stricken area of 6th street. Their overwhelming activity causes the residents of 6th street to react differently with one another. They have to factor in the police during their daily life, especially when it comes to couple’s relationships. Sometimes, the residents use the police in ways that they’re unintended such as to control one’s partner. In other cases, they use the police to protect one’s significant other, but only when necessary. More often than not, the police complicate relationships by inadvertently causing men to use their women as a way to avoid getting caught. Unfortunately,
Fagan, Jeffrey. (1993). The Social Control of Spouse Assault. In: Adler, Freda and Laufer, William S New Directions in Criminological Theory. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p187.
The offence of controlling or coercive behaviour was created in 2015 after increasing political concern to strengthen the criminal law’s response to domestic abuse. In a report by Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary, it was reported that domestic abuse makes up around eight percent of all crime; one third of assaults with injury and it was estimated that there is an emergency call regarding domestic abuse almost every 30 seconds. Before the
Domestic violence has been plaguing our society for years. There are many abusive relationships, and the only question to ask is: why? The main answer is control. The controlling characteristic that males attribute to their masculinity is the cause to these abusive relationships. When males don’t have control they feel their masculinity is threatened and they need to do something about it. This doesn’t occur in just their relationships, but rather every facet of life. Men are constantly in a struggle for power and control whether it is at work, home, during sports, or in a relationship, this remains true. So the only way for them to get this power is for them to be “men”; tough, strong, masculine, ones that demand and take power. Where is this thirst for control coming from? Is it the natural structure of a man or is it a social construct? The answer is that it’s the social construction of a patriarchy that results in this thirst for control due to fear. The fear is being emasculated, whether it is by gayness, or femininity. Men use the fear created from domestic violence to gain control, but yet women do have some control in a relationship it is this vague boundary of how much control that leads to domestic violence.
In the documentary Crime After Crime, Deborah Peagler suffered abuse from her intimate partner through her life. The abuse started in High School. When her mother introduced her to Oliver Wilson, his charming personality fooled everyone. Oliver forced her into prostitution to make money for him. When she refused, he beat her until she promised to sell herself. The beating gradationally evolved to bull whipping. In addition, all of this occurred during her junior and senior year in high school. Oliver felt it was his right to have ultimate control over Deborah, this fact is generally accepted in the society (Belknap 247). The male dominance, male authority over women is something taught to young children. It is sought to be the place of women to wait for the husband by the door when he comes home. The male masculinity fact kicked in and it drove him to force his dominance over Deborah into physical abuse. When Deborah refused to do his bidding, he felt it was necessary for him to show her who is in control by beating her. This is the message sent to young boys of past generations and a bit less for the current one through media and entertainment.
Like child abuse, it affects every American by impacting those we love the most. Awareness for domestic violence victims has evolved since the beginning of our country. In earlier times, it was a private matter, and took place “behind closed doors”. They helped them past their sufferings and place them back into mainstream culture. (Karmen, 2015) Claims one movement that assisted with the process is the Feminist Movement. This widespread movement took place during the 1970’s, and represented the “beaten women”. It helped them stand up for themselves during their distraught times. Domestic tranquility ensures women their safety at home under their husbands’ protection. The Feminist’s Movement questioned domestic tranquility and urged women to stand up for themselves (Karmen, 2015). They discovered the “silent crisis” that lived inside so many women at the time. The crisis was that the men they married gave into the times of “behind closed doors” and “look the other way”. Those times would stand no more, due to the feminist’s movement and widespread awareness. Laws and legislation have changed since the rediscovery of the victims of domestic violence. One example is restraining orders. Restraining orders set up a level of protection for the women from the male offenders. Another example of legislation is The Violence Against Women Act. Promulgated in 1994 the act mandates that all states enforce protective orders issued in a
Intimate partner violence is still a common issue that affects women from all walks of life. It is an issue that is too often ignored until the violence has become deadly. In the book “Women: Images and Realities a Multicultural Anthology,” chapter seven entitled “Violence Against Women” includes pieces that cover the issue of intimate partner violence. In Michele McKeon’s piece “Understanding Intimate Partner Violence” she states that “In 1994 the Violence Against Women Act was passed, revolutionizing programs, services, and funding for individuals affected by intimate partner violence and their families” (McKeon 497). Yet the revolutionized programs, which McKeon speaks of, haven’t changed the fact that the violence continues and in my opinion, it is not enough to just deal with the aftermath of the violence, the prevention of intimate partner violence is something that society needs to address. In addition, McKeon also states “The Center for Disease Control and Prevention found that 1,181 women were murdered by their intimate partners in 2005; two million women experience injurie...
Stark (2006) would suggest that thirty years of research has failed to produce a consensus as to what constitutes a case of domestic violence considering that 90% of women who report the abuse have no physical injuries. Methods of coercive control do not meet the criminological viewpoint rather, control extends to financial, emotional, and psychological aspects of subjugating the partner thus no physical violence occurs. If only violent means are reported, then the reported number of victims would perhaps change thus creating a more gender symmetrical pattern. Until operational definitions are defined throughout the disciplines with consistency then there will continue to be discrepancies and opposing views. However, integrative theories of feminist views are being explored which investigate the intersection of not only male dominance as a form of oppression but the use of race, class, national origin, age, sexual orientation, and disability and their impact on intimate partner violence as stated by McPhail and colleagues
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is historically referred to as domestic violence. It describes a pattern of coercive and assaultive behavior that may include psychological abuse, progressive isolation, sexual assault, physical injury, stalking, intimidation, deprivation, and reproductive coercion among partners (The Family Violence Prevention Fund (FVPF), 1999). IPV leads to lifelong consequences such as lasting physical impairment, emotional trauma, chronic health problems, and even death. It is an issue affecting individuals in every community, regardless of age, economic status, race, religion, nationality or educational background. Eighty-five percent of domestic violence victims are women (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003).
On one side, domestic violence can affect women directly, but on the other side there can be consequences towards their children and other bystanders can get killed. Consider, the children of a couple experiencing domestic violence “since they lose one parent to the murder, the other parent to jail, and [they]often have to leave their parental home and adjust to a new environment in which they might be labelled as the child of the murderer”("Understanding and Addressing Violence Against Women: Femicide”). For this reason, domestic violence does not only affect the couple, but can leave damaging psychological and emotional consequences to their children who had nothing to do with it. Therefore, together women can impede domestic violence from converting into femicide and protect their children by advocating for protection laws and reaching out to people that can help guide and recover women from this horrible
The Duluth model, developed in 1981, became the first multi-disciplinary, community wide program designed to fully explain domestic violence. Its primary aim is to reduce interpersonal violence against women and it is now the most widely used model worldwide. The Model uses the “Power and Control Wheel” to help men understand there abusive behaviour and to convince men to use nonviolent behaviour outlined in the “Equality” wheel. It holds abusive men fully accountable for their violence and provides safety for victims of violence. However, many men who have perpetrated feel no sense of power and control in their lives (Dutton & Starzomski, 1994). The Duluth model deems interpersonal violence as a wilful exertion of male dominance over women to conform to the norms of society. In this view, the model does not assume that dom...
Sexual coercion is “The use of non-physical, controlling, degrading, and manipulative tactics to obtain, or attempt to obtain, unwanted oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse, including forced penetration and sex with objects.” (Bagwell-Gray, Messing, & Baldwin-White, 2015, p.323). It is distinct from intimate partner sexual assault in that unwanted sex is obtained through manipulative tactics and emotional and mental control rather than physical force (Black et al., 2011; Broach & Petetric, 2006; DeGue & DeLillo, 2005; Logan, Cole, & Shannon, 2007). When thinking of coercive control in intimate partner violence, it is clear that demands and threats can be implicit. For example, Dutton & Goodman (2005) describe how women report just knowing that if they did (or did not do) an action, “x”, then their partner would respond with a subsequent punishment, “y”. In studying intimate partner sexual violence, many women report such a type of implicit threat, knowing that they have to have sex with their partners when they did not want to in order to prevent dealing with their partners’ negative reactions. Non-consent outside the context of physical force may be difficult to identify because a woman may submit to coercive sexual tactics and consent to unwanted sex to avoid the negative outcomes of refusing it (Livingston, Buddie, Testa, & Vanzile-Tamsen, 2004) or out of perceived obligation to a spouse or partner (Basile,
Thesis: In my paper, I will be examining the different types, possible causes, and effects of Intimate Partner Violence, and what treatments or programs are available to combat this growing problem in America. Regardless of differing approaches to fight it, statistics show that women all across the world suffer from the effects of domestic violence at a similar rate independent of class, race, or religion.
Gender-based violence has been recognized as a large public health problem as well as a violation of human rights worldwide. One out of three women has been beaten, coerced into sex, or abused in another way at least once in her life (www.infoforhealth.org). The abuser is usually a member of the family, introducing the difficult problem in that the abuse usually happens behind closed doors, and is often viewed by cultural norms and legal systems as a family matter rather than a crime.
Domestic violence is a serious criminal, familial, and societal problem. Statistics indicate that many women fall victim to domestic violence however it is impossible to quantify the actual pain and degradation they face. Fear and terror are equally impossible to quantify as women and family anticipate their next assault. Domestic violence touches all walks of life therefore the use of gender specific language should not be construed to mean that domestic violence is only perpetrated on women or in heterosexual relationships. However, academic research consistently demonstrates that the majority of domestic violence victims are female and the batters male. For the purpose of this paper, violence perpetrated on women from men will be the focus.