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Standardization vs adaptation international marketing
International business strategy of coca cola
COCA COLA Strategy for Globalization
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BOĞAZİÇİ UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF APPLIED DISCIPLINES
DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
The Coca-Cola Company’s Global Marketing Strategy
Course: International Marketing
Instructor: Oğuzhan Aygören
Gamze Ayaz
2008501027
20.01.2014
Today, there is a brand that nearly all people in the world recognize “Coca-Cola”. It is one of the most widely used soft drink in the world and it can be said that it is a part of life. Since the establishment of the company in 1886, it has increased its distribution channel day by day, and now they operate in over 200 countries. The paper focuses on how Coca-Cola Company became so successful in global marketing. Firstly, I will evaluate its global marketing strategy in terms of foreign market entry mode, competition, standardization and adaptation of marketing mix elements. Then, I will compare its local market strategy with its home market and the global market. Lastly, I will evaluate the company according to “Customizing Global Marketing” by Quelch and Hoff.
Coca-Cola Company’s foreign market entry strategy can be classified in licensing, franchising, exporting, total ownership and joint ventures. The most common strategy used by the company is licensing. Bottlers from across the world have been licensed to use its brand name and business processes in marketing Coca-Cola branded products. With the help of licensing Coca-Cola evade capital required to set up bottling or manufacturing plants, and also evade prohibitive government regulations that block entry into some foreign markets. On the other hand licensing requires Coca-Cola to share some of its profits with licensees and so, limited revenues from such markets. Coca-Cola also uses franchising as a market entry strategy....
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...the company has chosen a standardized promotion strategy by copying concept from one single source. With this strategy the company has saved costs and reinforced brand equity. However, while promoting the company takes into account the customers culture, and also the country’s technology. In order to adapt the target market Coca-Cola may choose the differentiate some color combinations used in promotional material and they may adopt more interactive websites or less interactive websites according to the technology of country.
REFERENCES http://www.fao.org/docrep/w5973e/w5973e0b.htm http://barbradozier.wordpress.com/2013/09/27/market-entry-strategies/ https://www.123helpme.com/coca-cola-versus-pepsi-cola-view.asp?id=164247 http://www.tradeready.ca/2013/fittskills-refresher/adaptation-or-standardization/
http://issuesinimc.wikispaces.com/Standardisation+or+adaptation
Key success factors in the industry are a strong brand presence, maintaining customer loyalty as exploring new markets and distribution channels as well as offering a diversified product line. Implications of these factors are strong competition and dependency of company’s behavior and marketing strategies on competitors’ behavior. This is especially true for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo since their flagship products are very much alike in look and taste.
Coca –Cola (KO) is one of the world’s largest beverage companies. Company was incorporated in September 1919 under the State of Delaware law and headquarters is located in Atlanta Georgia. But from 1886, company established its brand in US (Coca-Cola, 2012, p. 1). Currently company is providing for more than 500 varieties of non-alcoholic sparkles to the customers around the world. Apart from this, company also serve for still beverages that includes enhanced water, water, ready-to-drink, juices, energy drink, sport drinks and so on.
Therefore, the long-term brand of Coca cola and better pricing strategies would help in competing with Pepsi. Unlike, Pepsi, Coca cola had targeted entering into partnership and alliances with local distributors and firms. This helps to develop strong relationship within the domestic firms to reduce the domestic barriers and thus, enhance the company’s competitiveness (Thabet, 2015). Lastly, the Asian markets consist of related and supporting industries to the soft drink industry that helps the companies in gaining a strong competitive position in the markets. Based on the competitive advantage of nation’s model, Coca cola has more home based advantages to develop a competitive advantage in relation to other countries on a global
... objects and customer regions. Do making a clear differentiation image between its soft drinks and bottled water. Because the consumers may believe that bottled water of Nestle sounds healthier than Coca-Cola brand since Nestle tend to emphasize their image on healthy food products. Then do market test for new taste, new packaging, or new innovation according to each regions, and especially for Europe, the company should launch the new one to replace Dasani image in order to seize their market shares. They may renew all nutrients and packaging. Finally Coca-Cola should continue its joint ventures with the regional companies in order to protect their products from barriers to entry both international trade restrictions and distribution channels. Furthermore, joint venture with local brand is a long term contract guarantee to make it easier for HOD to a specific region.
Numerous definitions of strategy exist, in most circumstances strategy can loosely be explained as an overall plan of deployment of resources to ascertain a favourable position within a market (Zablah, Bellenger and Johnston 2004; Grant 1994, p 14). Further, imbedded in many successful organisations are strategies, the importance of which is to remain relevant in the market, and successful in the various attributes of business; profiteering, employee motivation, maintaining sustainable core competencies, effectiveness in operation, or efficiency in the conduction of operations. Therefore challenges involved in the formulation and implementation of a strategy can revolve around the overall external market, as well as internal
To give a short introduction to the circumstances affecting this case of Pepsi & Coca Cola it has to be said that in general it is not just simple for MNEs to invest and enter foreign markets as regulations and restrictions differ from coutry to country and hence ifluence international business negotiations to a great extend. Therefore MNEs investigating in foreign markets have to either adopt to those condition given by the host country government, which of course to a certain extend has to be negotiated as no one of those parties want to loose their maximum independence- or the MNE decides not to take further steps towards the foreign operation and leaves the feeld by assumingly – in turn – missing out a great opportunity, but this again depends on a complexity of economic and cultural reasons influencing international trade, which I will develop critically in the further case study of Pepsi & Coke in accordance to the following questions.
The marketing campaigns must be tailored to meet the foreign markets’ demands, by respecting the consumers’ culture and flavor preferences. Furthermore, in the foreign markets the local brands must not be underestimated as these present high competition for Coke and Pepsi, therefore in order for the kings of the soft drink industry to expand their reign globally they must partner with the local soft drink firms and customize soft drinks with local tastes.
This project is about the Coca-Cola Company and one of the Coca-Cola Company’s products according to the marketing project. In this project I have studies the different type of marketing techniques that used by the company for identify the need, wants and demand of the product which supplies to the people and how company developing the customer oriented marketing strategies. I also study, how Coca-Cola Company have done segmentation, target marketing and positioning of their product.
Dubai and China are two different countries with different sets of cultures. Thus the people of these countries are differently programmed in their mind hence their backgrounds from which the current and future practices can be predicted are totally different. With Coca-Cola serving these two markets, proper marketing strategies should be put in place to ensure that the consumers are satisfied. The cultural differences affect international businesses in one way or another. Here are some of the cultural impacts on international business such as Coca Cola on varied cultures in Duba...
As the world 's largest manufacturer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverages, Coca-Cola is certainly no stranger to global marketing. Established in the US, Coca-Cola initiated its global expansion in 1919 and now markets to more than 200 countries worldwide. It is one of the most recognizable brands on the planet and also owns a large portfolio of other soft drink brands including Schweppes, Oasis, 5 alive, Kea Oar, Fanta, Lilt, Dr Pepper, Sprite and PowerAde. Despite this, Coca-Cola often struggles to maintain its market share over its main rival PepsiCo in some overseas markets, particularly Asian countries.
Even though all sectors of the beverage market are generally dominated by big companies, the soft drinks market is quite different in terms of its competitive position. The soft drinks market is dominated by two global giants: Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. Even though innovation and brand extension strategies have played big role in the recent years within the soft drinks sector between major competitors, market leader Coca-Cola is still concentrating its efforts on the traditional carbonated drinks market with respectable success. It is absolutely difficult for new start-up companies to enter the soft drinks market because it requires a huge financial resources as well as logistical infrastructure that need to rely on.
The Coca Cola Company has been among the world’s top companies that have been able to perform well in all the areas of the world. The company follows the latest strategic research and evaluation methods to formulate such strategic policies that helps in not only meeting the customer expectations and desires but also achieving various organizational goals and objectives.
Question 1 A Diet Coke consumer is seeking a sugar free product in order to lose or maintain a certain weight. The Diet Coke drinker may also have a health restriction on sugar. Diet Coke will market its drink to women, which according to the textbook make up 85% of purchase of consumer goods, who want to lose weight. It will most likely target all ages about teens, all races and all income levels.
This proven track record for the company can be attributed to a number of factors, the first which is relatively crucial is the company's secret formula for Coca-Cola, which comparably tastes better than what competition has to offer in the market. The company's ability to come up with new products while at the same time reinventing the old products has offered them a competitive edge over their peers. The company boasts of having the world's most diverse and comprehensive distribution networks, this offers them accessibility to billions of people in areas that would prove rather difficult for their peers to distribute their products. The African continent has been cited as an excellent example, it is more often than not to see a distribution outlet for coke on a remote location on the continent
In terms of promotional activities, the advertising and giving away of free offers and vacations by Coca cola and Basmati rice by Pepsi, the coca cola’s goal in connecting the youth to the market, the different promotional TV campaigns in India using of celebrities, and the Pepsi sponsorship of cricket and soccer sports. In terms of pricing policies, Pepsi got a quicker market share by their belligerent pricing policies and coca cola’s 15-25% price cut down in the market. In terms of distribution arrangement, the bottling and packaging of products for better distribution around