Purpose Meteorologists have been observing clouds to determine weather conditions dating back to the nineteenth century. Various tools and instruments are used to monitor complex measurements of clouds and their effects on the weather. One of these cloud-related instruments is the nephoscope; this instrument can measure the amount of cloud cover, the directional movement of clouds, and even the cloud’s altitude. In the Cloud Watcher investigation, data was collected over three weeks by use of a homemade mirror nephoscope in order to determine trends and variations of the weather in relation to cloud cover, wind direction, temperature, dew point, etc.
Supplementary Information Clouds are visible masses of condensed water vapor or ice crystals in the atmosphere that are attached to organic or inorganic materials including dust or pollen particles (Smith, 2017). The height of the clouds and the temperature of the atmosphere determine the composition of the clouds; clouds high up in the atmosphere are most often made up of ice crystals, while lower atmospheric clouds are predominantly liquid
…show more content…
Clouds are visibly white because the small water molecules in the clouds are able to reflect the entire electromagnetic spectrum from the sun’s rays, which appears white to the human eye (Raymond, 2013). Satellites are able to create more vivid and detailed images of clouds in different forms. Visible satellite images use reflected visible light to monitor clouds in the illuminated area of earth. Infrared satellite images can be viewed both day and night as they do not rely on light from the sun, but rather the temperatures of what is being observed (Mills, 2015). In infrared images, the heights and temperatures of clouds can be determined by their colors; warm low altitude clouds appear gray, while cold high altitude clouds are bright white (Mills,
In this experiment, column chromatography and thin layer chromatography were used to separate a mixture of fluorene and 9-fluorenone. These two methods were then compared, and the results were analyzed. In column chromatography, 0.1010 g of mixture was separated. During the separation, fluorene eluted first. This compound was white in color once dried with the rotary evaporator. A percent yield of 93.47% was calculated for fluorene. The product that eluted first was confirmed to be fluorene by the IR spectrum obtained and the experimental melting point. The IR spectrum RM-02-CC1 was the spectrum obtained for this compound. Aromatic carbon- hydrogen bonds, carbon-carbon double bonds and hydrogens attached to sp2 carbons were shown by peaks 3038
The gas chromatography calculations offer the area values for under the peak curves. Those area values are directly correlated with the relative concentrations of each alkene product in the mixture. When the ratio of the two values is calculated, 3-methylcyclohexene being the 2nd peak area value and 1-methylcyclohexene being the 3rd peak area (represented on table 1), (11152:1283) = 8.7 1-methylcyclohexene molecules: 1 3-methylcyclohexene molecule.
Gel filtration is one of the many methods that can be used for purifying proteins. Gel filtration, also known as size-exclusion chromatography, separates proteins based on size. There are pros and cons for this methods. One of the pros is that fragile proteins will not or hardly get damaged when going through the chromatography column. One of the cons is the results are not very accurate due to the proteins’ inability to adhere to the column at times.
In this laboratory, the degree of absorbance for the pigments in a leaf sample were observed using mechanisms that involved pigment isolation from a leaf extract, obtaining wavelength measurements, and displaying the measurements on an absorption spectra.
As evening approached, several thunderstorms began to take on the characteristics of a supercell thunderstorm. Supercells, which are intense, broadly rotating thunderstorms, are the most v...
Chromatography has been developed over the past century and has an important contribution in many areas of modern science. However the main original work of M.S.Tswett was published in a book Chromatographic Adsorption Analysis.
Which is more unethical, a soldier who has been under the stress of war and not fully trained for the job abusing enemy prisoners, another soldier who after seeing pictures of horrible prisoner abuse and becomes a whistle-blower or the Secretary of Defense leaking the name of a whistle-blower? That is the question I will look at in this paper. Being a part of a team or group is very important to most people, acceptance and friendship is something we all long for. So when reserve soldier Joe Darby saw some pictures of abuse at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq he was taken aback. After a lot of soul searching he knew what he must do. This decision would change many lives forever. Nonetheless I feel the real ethical issue in this story is not what Joe or his fellow soldiers did in 2004 but what Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld did.
The. Douglas, Paul. A. Restless Skies: The Ultimate Weather Book! New York: Sterling Pub., 2005. Print.
Glickman, Todd S. (ed.) (2000). Glossary of Meteorology (2nd ed.). American Meteorological Society. ISBN 978-1-878220-34-9.
The clouds are a great example of atmospheric perspective. This technique creates an illusion of depth by depicting distant objects as paler and less detailed. They can give an angelic feel and without this photograph it might have been much more dull. The dynamic between dark and light completes this photograph. Sunlight is seen piercing through each cloud.
When Vermeer asks Griet what color the clouds are, she first sees them as only white. Vermeer compares the situation to her vegetables, and Griet understands. There is more than just white in the clouds, she sees the blue and yellow and gray as he does. Vermeer says, “you will find there is little pure white in clouds, yet people say they are white,” (101) while trying to explain to Griet why he doesn’t need the blue paint
When thunderstorm are mentioned, a large gray mass of clouds with an anvil shape immediately comes to mind, and most people never give it a second thought. Thunderstorms form because of the rapid upward movement of warm, moist air (2010, Thunderstorm). Depending on the severity of the storm there can be anything from several inches of rain to hail, and in some severe cases even tornadoes. Thunderstorms can be classified as a single-cell, multi-cell, or super-cell, with super-cells being the most severe of the three. Because of the large amounts of rain that can accompany a thunderstorm, they are also responsible for secondary disasters like flash flooding.
Type your CER for Experiments 8A and 8B in the space below, following these directions.
Hello student! In order to solve your problem, it is important to first understand how thin layer chromatography works. Thin Layer Chromatography is a way in which we can separate components of mixtures and identify qualities about their chemical nature. The TLC plate is made of a silica gel which plays an integral role in the distance the different samples will travel, which we will discuss later. For now, it is important to know that Silica gel is very polar. The solvent, which is what you are placing the TLC plate in, is also very important in determining the distance the spots will travel. The different properties of the mixtures, especially polarity, determine how far the spot will travel once placed in the solvent and this is what allows
HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is an analytical technique which separates a complex mixture of components into its specific individual components. It is a powerful tool in analysis, as it combines high speed with extreme sensitivity compared to traditional methods of chromatography because of the use of a pump which creates a high pressure and forces the mobile phase to move with the analyte in high speed. It is been used as a principle technology in various automated analyzers used for diagnostic purpose.