Type your CER for Experiments 8A and 8B in the space below, following these directions.
Claim: The substances in Experiment 8 A and B were both mixtures that we were able to separate by using physical methods of separation.
Evidence:
Experiment A: In the first step of this procedure we put 1.5 grams of sulfur, a yellow grainy substance into a test tube and added 5 grams of clear water. We then stoppered the test tube and shook the sulfur and water substance together. Once the sulfur and water was shaken thoroughly, it was clear that the two substances were a heterogeneous mixture. There were still visible bits of the yellow grain substance in the clear liquid. We then poured the contents of the test tube (the sulfur and water) into another
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test tube through a funnel. In the funnel we placed a wet piece of filter paper inside the funnel. All of the sulfur (the yellow grainy substance) was caught on the filter paper, meaning even though the yellow substances was now wet, it was separated from going straight through the funnel and instead was caught in the wet paper clearly a different substance then the other liquid. However left in the test tube was the water and salt mixture, this appeared to be the same as it was before we poured it into the sulfur. Then we poured the clear contents of the test tube into an evaporating dish. Then we turned on the Bunsen burner and evaporated away all of the water. Left in the dish was the powdery white substance known as salt. Experiment B: In the beginning of Experiment 8B we only had what appeared to be just a black liquid; the substance was thick and looked like it was thoroughly mixed. As Mr. Clarke showed us, once we boiled the black ink in a clear beaker, the only thing left was just a think black lacquer which coated the whole bottom of the beaker. The ink was no longer a liquid just a solid that coated the bottom of the container. During the first step of the procedure we tried to filter the black liquid through a funnel, however we were unsuccessful, the black liquid only passed through the filter. Left was just a small amount of ink. Next we put the tip of a piece of chromatography in water. The chromatography paper was used as the filter in this experiment. The paper had a small line of black ink on it, only the tip of the paper was touching the water, after a little while we took the paper out of the water and hung it up to be observed further on Day 2. The next day when we came into class the black ink had separated into a stripe of pink ink then above that yellow stripe and finally above that a blue stripe. Once we cut up the yellow, blue, and pink stripe and mixed them all together we made a green liquid and the paper became white. Reasoning: Experiment A: As stated in the evidence above, the original mixture appeared to be a mixture because you could clearly see both of the substances, the yellow sulfur and clear water. We separated the original mixture by means of filtering. This is separating by physical means. A mixture can only be separated by physical means or else it is not a mixture. Because we mixed the sulfur and water ourselves we know for sure that the substance is a mixture. In addition, to support the second part of the claim which states that the substance was separated by physical means, we can refer to when we put the sulfur and water combination in the filter, and to when we put the filtrate into the evaporation tray. When we put the mixture into the filter, the sulfur was caught in the filter, but the filtrate was able to pass through the paper and was separated by physical means of filtering. However, the filtrate was not back to its simplest states that we could achieve by physical means. Furthermore, we put 5 g/mL of the filtrate into the evaporation tray, by boiling the filtrate we separated the water from the salt and by applying heat it was still separated by physical means. Experiment B: The substance in Experiment B was a mixture and separated by physical means.
We know this because the original substance which was a black liquid was separated by filtering, and was proved to be a mixture because when we looked at the chromatograph paper after “filtering it” we saw the blue, yellow, and pink pigments that made up the green/black liquid. We started out by pouring the black ink into a filter and the substances were not separated. Because filtering the black liquid didn’t separate the substance, we then used chromatography paper to separate the ink. Chromatography paper is a method used to separate colored substances. We put a small line of black ink on the paper then put the tip in the water and let the ink slowly separate. The black ink was proved to be a mixture when we came in the next day and you could see the yellow and pink and blue in that came from the black line of ink. Then when we cut up the pieces and them in water and the water turned green which proved that those three colors made up the dark green/black ink. In conclusion, we can tell that the black ink was a mixture because the chromatography paper showed all the different types of substances that made the mixture, and we know it was separated by physical means because the chromatography paper was acting like a
filter.
The Separation Challenge is an experiment involving the use of background knowledge of mixtures, properties of matter, and creativity in order to find a solution to separate three different substances layered on top of each other within a container. The experiment required a matter of coming up with a solid and thought out procedure to successfully separate the three substances individually within an amount of time using various lab materials and technology accessible at the time.
For this experiment we have to use physical methods to separate the reaction mixture from the liquid. The physical methods that were used are filtration and evaporation. Filtration is the separation of a solid from a liquid by passing the liquid through a porous material, such as filter paper. Evaporation is when you place the residue and the damp filter paper into a drying oven to draw moisture from it by heating it and leaving only the dry solid portion behind (Lab Guide pg. 33.).
A: The reaction with water and vinegar was the most useful in this experiment. The physical properties were very self explanatory because the texture of the powders was all different expect icing sugar and cornstarch. Also the Ph levels were very similar of six and seven for corn starch and icing sugar respectively. d) Q: How confident do you feel about your identification of the
By taking a sample size of 5, while still not particularly large it decreased the effect of random errors as an average was able to be calculated. Another strength was using the same size test tubes throughout the experiment. This made sure the surface area and exposure to oxygen in the air was kept consistent which would allow for more accurate results. A weakness of this experiment was that it was difficult to distinguish the exact point when the methylene blue had disappeared. As the top part of the test tube was exposed to oxygen in the air, the milk solution never went completely white and there was a blue ring on top of each test tube which stayed blue. It was also difficult to put the exact same amount of methylene blue into each test tube because you are not actually measuring it but rather just placing drops into the test tubes which is a little difficult to
For the lab experiment of mixing the diffusion and exposure solution, we are going to test if the pigment is released in the exposure solution. We used materials as follows: Obtaining a beet, we punched out 2 cm long beets using a cork borer. Then we wash the beets in running water, after that we prepared 10 test tubes each containing different pH solution.
The inks are not pure substances since the pigments get separated along the filter paper.
Moreover, another purpose was to learn how to use different lab techniques, such as filtration and proper heating of test tubes, in order to determine the mass of products produced by the reaction. Not only that, the experiment demonstrates how transition elements can often form more than one type of reaction due to their differently charged ions, like Fe.
There are a number of examples of works done before the twentieth century in which experiments were conducted. However, Michael Tswett used column liquid chromatography in which the stationary phase was a solid adsorbent packed in a glass column and the mobile phase was a liquid. He conducted experiments on extracts of chlorophyll in gasoline oil over 100 adsorbents. Most of these adsorbents are now no more important. Interestingly, the list of the inclusion of materials such as silica, alumina, carbon, calcium carbonate, magnesia and sucrose are still in use. He also confirmed the identity of the fractions obtained by the spectrophotometry at different wavelengths thus anticipating the most common mode for in liquid chromatography. In 1910 Tswett obtained his Doctrate degree and his doctoral research paper was published as a monogram which once again demonstrated his ideas for further development and improvement. That monogram marked the end of his chromatographic work. This is not surprising, because he was a botanist and chromatography is only a means and not an end. Chromatographic techniques had been ignored until 1930. One of the few exceptions was the work of an American L.S. Palmer, who in 1930 published his work for the description of the separation af plant and other dairy pigments. There are several reasons for the lack of interest in chromatography , for the moment, the main thing is that it
The material and equipment used was a sample of candy such as M&M’s, skittles, and Reese’s pieces. Set food colors for comparison. Filter paper or coffee filters. 0.1% salt solution {1/8 tsp salt in 3 cups of water}. Clear plastic 9 oz cups. Blow dryer. Also you will need some toothpicks and small {1 oz} plastic cups. This are the materials and equipment we used for this experiment .the objective of the experiment is to use the technique of paper chromatography to show that it can be used to separate from each other in a mixture. To understand the principles of paper chromatography.
The detergent made the two solutions mix because part of the detergent’s molecule is polar and the other part is non polar. So, test tube 1 mixed with the polar part of the detergent and test tube 4 mixed with the non-polar part of the detergent, which allowed both test tubes to mix together.
Experiment one was conducted to show the separation of plant pigments using a process called paper chromatography. The significance of this lab was to show different types of pigments and discover which pigments would have the highest band along the filter paper. Experiment one of the lab exhibited that chlorophyll a (figure 1) would display the highest band of pigments on the filter paper when using the paper chromatography process rather than chlorophyll b, xanthophyll and carotenoids showing higher bands of pigments.
mixture and then the mixture was boiled for a further period until it was concentrated
The objective of the experiment Fractional Distillation and Gas Chromatography was to determine the organic liquids existent in 30 mL of an unknown mixture. This can be accomplished by fractional distillation. Distillation is a technique that allows one to separate liquids by boiling the liquids and which removes water from its impurities. Simple Distillation separates out a liquid/solid mixture. If the boiling point is greater than 40 degrees Celsius then simple distillation will be able to be used to separate two liquids, if not then Simple Distillation cannot be used. Fractional distillation splits two liquids and transfers them to their pure form by using their boiling points. In order for Fractional Distillation to be used, the boiling point has to be less than 40 degrees Celsius. The only difference between them is that in fractional distillation a column runs to the flask while in simple distillation there is no column. Of the two main types of distillation, Simple and Fractional, Fractional distillation is the one that is used to split the liquids. To get this experiment unde...
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that do not have fixed proportions to one another. The two types of mixtures that exist are heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where someone is able to see more than one color or type of matter, This mixture has more than one phase and a non-uniform composition. A homogeneous mixture, however, is a mixture that looks the same throughout the composition, and has one phase and uniform composition (Experiment 1.4: Separation of MIxtures Student Instruction Sheet). Separating the substances in mixtures can be done using different methods, including decant, filtration, evaporation, distillation, magnetic separation, and chromatography.
Results for part A: when the copper carbonate is heated it produced a gas called copper dioxide the gas flows into the limewater. The limewater becomes cloudy and begins to bubble due to this the limewater becomes white and milky the limewater’s test tube also begins to heat up. When lifted up the test tube is clear at the bottom, white and murky at the top.