UB was only struck in the back of the head; however, as a result of countercoup movement, bleeding appeared in multiple areas of the brain. U.B. was jogging when a large truck struck him. Therefore, he was in motion when was hit on the back of the head by the side mirror of a truck moving in the same direction as him. Thus, he experienced an accelerating TBI (Walker, 1997, p. 9). In a closed head injury, the primary head injury occurred where he was struck in the back of the head, the coup, and the place that is point opposite of where he was struck (contra-coup). In U.B.’s case, the coup is the occipital lobe and the brain stem, as he was struck by the truck mirror on the back of the head. The contra-coup is the frontal lobe. Therefore, when
The only result from the testing consistent with a brain injury was the abnormal pupil response of the right eye (constriction) (Traumatic brain injury, 2015). The physical effects that could have pointed to a brain injury were the laceration to the right side of the gentleman’s head and the amount of blood loss. The complaints from the patient that may have insisted a brain injury included a severe headache, dizziness, and nausea (Traumatic brain injury, 2015).
A. Background In recent years, there has been an increase in research investigating the long-term effects of repeated head trauma on the brain, especially in athletes. Following his discovery of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Dr. Bennet Omalu inspired a movement of research aimed at establishing better safety standards and protocols in football. It was not until 2002 that the initial connection between repetitive head trauma, such as concussions, and brain injury was suspected (Ott, 2015). As common as concussions were during the late 1970s and 1980s, they were often swept under the rug, as they were seen as insignificant injuries.
middle of paper ... ... While there is no neurobiological or neuropathological explanation as to why CTE occurs, the majority of researchers believe the disease is strongly related to previous head injuries. An individual suffering from CTE will most likely experience changes in their mood, behavior, and cognition. Because this is a relatively new area of research, there are still a vast amount of unknowns pertaining to the disease’s symptoms, pathology, and natural course.
...severe head injury. Journal of Trauma [serial online]. December 2000; 49(6):1065-1070. Available from: CINAHL Plus, Ipswich, MA. Accessed March 7, 2014.
An unnoticed fatal injury that countless athletes have experienced is a concussion. Many people have heard about concussions, but not about the underlying damage they cause the brain. A concussion is a minor traumatic brain injury that may occur when the head hits an object, or a moving object strikes the head. It can affect how the brain works for a whi...
The definition of a traumatic brain injury is damage inflicted to the head/brain due to an external mechanical force, for example falls in elderly people or road traffic accidents in younger people. A standardized approach to assessing the severity of the brain injury is advocated by the means of Glasgow coma scale (GCS). It is the universal classification system and it consists of assessing three categories; Eye, motor and verbal scales. The sum score ranges from 3 to 15. A score of 8 indicates a severe brain injury (Maas et al, 2008). Head injuries are often minor and not life-threatening. Majority of people with minor head injury will not get a subdural hematoma. However, one in three people with severe head injury will. (Willacy, 2011)
In this article, “Heads up: Concussion risks prompt more soccer players to visit the ER” written by the Associated Press, the researchers express concerns about head injuries, specifically concussions. This article is directed towards soccer players aged from 7 to 17 and their parents and teaches how the concussions happen and the possible ways to treat them. This study is based on 25 years of evidence and shows the growing popularity of soccer and how it is causing more and more concussions each year. Just behind football, soccer has the second highest number of injured players. Contrary to prior belief, soccer concussions do not happen from head balls, but from when two players’ heads collide when jumping to head the ball. Concussions can be avoided though. Sports medicine experts are saying that tensing neck muscles can help prevent
Traumatic brain injury or TBI occurs when a child has a head injury that causes damage to the brain. These injuries can be caused from being hit in the head or violently shaken. The results of TBI can change how a person’s brain develops, how they act, move, and think. It can also affect how they learn in school (NICHCY, 2012). TBI can affect the way a child thinks, retains information, attention span, behavior, speech, physical activities (which includes walking), and the way a child learns.
There is an estimated 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions that occur annually in the United States resulting in $76.5 billion in healthcare cost. In the high school setting concussions have been shown to have an injury rate of .23 to .25 per 1,000 athlete exposures. An almost two fold increase in concussion rate of .43 per 1,000 athlete exposures has been shown in the collegiate setting. In addition to an increased total number of concussions reported annually, there has also been an increase in the number that were seen and treated in the emergency department, perhaps as a result of the increased attention being given to this injury. From 2001 to 2009 the number of patients increased from 153,365 to 248,418, up 62%. More concussions tend to occur
Impacts on the brain can lead to serious health issues if not treated properly. Concussion study should be encouraged throughout hospitals and schools and other institutes due to the major injuries occurred in sports and other numerous activities.
The year was 2006. There was a mid-season game between the Philadelphia Eagles and the New Orleans Saints going on. Saints rookie running back Reggie Bush lined up in the backfield in preparation for the next play. The quarterback hiked the ball and threw a screen pass to Reggie; he did not see Philadelphia Eagles cornerback Sheldon Brown coming right toward him. The hit left Reggie stunned and he quickly got up and fell right back down (normally a sign of a major concussion). But the problem is not just occurring with current NFL players. Former players have not received the protection they deserve either. Lets look at former four-time Super Bowl champion, Mike Webster, a nine time Pro-Bowler. Mike played center for the Pittsburg Steelers.
In late October, Philadelphia Eagles star running back Brian Westbrook suffered a concussion in a game against the Washington Redskins. He sat on the sidelines for two weeks, recovering but when he returned to play on Nov. 15 against the San Diego Chargers, Westbrook got yet another concussion, putting his season and his career in doubt. Westbrook 's immediate re-injury raises the question: should he have been playing at all? And just how many football players are returning to play too soon after concussions, or not having the seriousness of their injuries recognized?
injuries from when the brain moves to much or becomes deformed from the impact or
Stocchetti, N., Pagan, F., Calappi, E., Canavesi, K., Beretta, L., Citerio, G., … Colombo, A., (2004). Inaccurate early assessment of neurological severity in head injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 21(9), 1131-1140. doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1131
Open brain injuries involve a fracture or penetration of the brain, while a closed brain injury does not penetrate the bones of the skull. The movement of the brain may result in many injuries. (Why Helmets) On the other hand, a concussion caused by a blow to the head from falling or from an object striking the head, which makes it the most common cause of TBI. TBI stands for traumatic brain injury, which range from mild to severe and cause many different symptoms. (Stimola 25-26) While not life threatening, a concussion can cause many symptoms to the human body (Stimola 27).