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Chinese exclusion act definition
Chinese exclusion act definition
Effects of the Chinese exclusion act
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The article written by Calavita, The Paradoxes of Race, Class, Identity, and ‘Passing’, discusses the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which was the first national effort to control immigration and barred the entry of Chinese laborers in America. Immigration inspectors were tasked with deciding which Chinese immigrants got to enter the country, based on class, but were given vague descriptions of what type of person was allowed entry. As a result of the discrepancies in the act, immigration inspectors suffered from a lack of routine. Inspectors struggled with defining what a merchant was from what a laborer was, as well as how to go about proving that these persons were who they said they were. Due to the ambiguousness, inspectors were urged …show more content…
American students do not learn as much about the racism against other races that live in our country, such as that of the Chinese Exclusion Act. It is my thought that the United States doesn’t teach it because they are ashamed of their deliberate actions of racism that they used to further their governmental interests. As Calavita mentions in her book, Invitation to Law & Society: An Introduction to the Study of Real Law, the Chinese Exclusion Act wasn’t truly about race, but that race was used as an excuse to bar their entry as people. In fact, she breaches the topic that it was more about classism, and that is why certain immigrants of upper class status were allowed in while others, the lowly laborers, were not. This is similar to the laws that were passed in recent decades on the war on drugs. In the film, The House I Live In, that was shown in class, the war on drugs was discussed and it showed first hand accounts of how the war on drugs directly affected impoverished black Americans based on their race and social class. I agree with Calavita in both her book and journal article that race and social class are intertwined and that the law uses both to enforce the laws they
Before 1882, the United States did not have any immigration rules which means anybody that came to America has the opportunity to stay here. The attitude of Americans toward immigrants has changed which transported the Chinese immigration act “into national prominence” (Daniel, 11). However, the Americans are now afraid of the immigrants due to their overpopulation. Half of the Americans rejected the immigrant’s presence, while the other half profits of their cheap labor. In this book “Guarding the Golden Door by Roger Daniels” heavily discovered over the one and only issue of how the immigrants are being treated in America.
This nation was relatively stable in the eyes of immigrants though under constant political and economic change. Immigration soon became an outlet by which this nation could thrive yet there was difficulty in the task on conformity. Ethnic groups including Mexicans and Chinese were judged by notions of race, cultural adaptations and neighborhood. Mary Lui’s “The Chinatown Trunk Mystery” and Michael Innis-Jimenez’s “Steel Barrio”, provides a basis by which one may trace the importance of a neighborhood in the immigrant experience explaining the way in which neighborhoods were created, how these lines were crossed and notions of race factored into separating these
One particular ethnic group that suffered severe discrimination was the Chinese people. They first came to America for several reasons. One of them was the gold rush in California in 1849, in which they were included in a group of immigrants called the “Forty-Niners” (179). From gold mining, they switched to other jobs with resulted in the rise of anti-Chinese sentiments. People felt that Chinese people were taking the jobs away from them, because Chinese people worked for much smaller salaries that businesses preferred. This mindset gave way to the creation of The Chinese Exclusion Act passed in 1882, which prohibits more Chinese immigrants from coming to America. In addition, the act states “no State or court of the United States shall admit Chinese to citizenship”. Like the Naturalization Act, the Chinese Exclusion Act was created to hinder Chinese people from becoming citizens so that America could remain homogenously white (186). It also aimed to stop Chinese people from establishing a bigger community in the country in hopes of eliminating the threat of competition to their white counterparts (186). Like African-Americans, Chinese people were considered racially inferior and have struggled to prove that they were worthy to be called true Americans, rather than
This claim, is not only false but also ignores the diversity among students that mirrors U.S. today. Ethnic Studies acknowledges that everyone is from various backgrounds, they tailor the curriculum as needed to make sure inclusiveness even with students who aren’t considered part of the Mexican American culture. In addition, those opposed hold the concept that all students will be treated equally and gives the dangerous, rather radical notion of color blindness,in treating all students the same and not accounting for their cultural backgrounds, language barriers, socioeconomic status etc. This is very harmful to their overall well-being because one is disregarding crucial aspects of one’s lives that negates opportunities for POC and goes along with the rhetoric of individualism. In the article “Edu as an Instrument”, illustrates how legislators such as Horne and Huppenthal thought about Ethnic Studies, their false assumptions and critiques of the program. Since their culture shown as dominant to what's considered “American”, these legislators have white privilege. This place of simply being the dominant culture, gives little leeway for them to understand what it means to become discriminated against based on the color of one’s skin and don’t
Throughout history, Americans have always been intimidated by immigrants. The idea of an immigrant coming to America and easily being able to get a job scared Americans. Americans feared that good jobs would be taken from hard working Americans and given to immigrants for less pay because they required less money to live on or were used to no wages or lower wages in their Country of origin. People would immigrate to America in search of a better life, and often times they could find homes and jobs that made them want to stay. A melting pot is described as being a mixing of different cultures into one universal culture. In Erika Lee’s, The Chinese Exclusion Example, immigrant exclusion helped re-define the melting-pot
Furthermore, the evidence supporting the Canadian labour leaders’ view on other racialized groups significantly had to do with the treatment other countries had on these similar groups. For example, the article states that in the United States “The Knights of Labor in America were particularly committed to this cause, bringing in more than 90,000 black members by 1887.” (Goutor, 53). The actions of other nations such as the U.S played a role in the actions of Canadian labour leaders, therefore it is unfair to say that labour leaders hated all immigration and were prejudice to all racialized groups. Additionally, labour leaders went on to portray the Chinese as “sexual predators who sought to take advantage of white women.” (Gotour, 49). These diminishing portrayals of Asians (typically the Chinese) clearly reveals the labour leader’s prejudice views on only the people of Asian descent. The false accusations on Asians made it clear that labour leaders were prejudice to specifically
...to the foundation of American Society. We continue to support and maintain these social norms through deliberated and non deliberated ways, forced servitude and the advancement of racial legislation fostered racism in the United States. The most intellectuals of their time, contemplated to the degree of what the New Worlds people were considered to be human. Some Europeans had hope for Natives and possible guidance, but it became evident, that profit and status were more viable entities than any sort of human decency or equality. As minorities began to unify and protest discrimination, legislation was built off of Anglo-Saxon domination and ideologies, only to continue to delay the growth of colored people. Laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act, Separate but Equal, and Jim Crow Laws are just a few examples of such legislation inflicted upon colored groups in America.
According to Lee, Erika, and Reason (2016), “The Chinese Exclusion Act ...barred Chinese laborers for a period of 10 years and allowed entry only to certain exempt classes (students, teachers, travelers, merchants, and diplomats” (p. 4). The Chinese immigrants were excluded from certain rules and laws like Blacks and other minority groups. Also, they were not permitted to request citizenship or settle in the United States. For decades, the Chinese laborers did not have legal rights to enter into the United States until the decision was overturned. Lee, Erika, and Reason noted, “Chinese activist turned their attention to opening up additional immigration categories within the confines of the restrictions…some 300,000 Chinese were admitted into the United States as returning residents and citizens” (p. 4). The activists fought for the rights of the Chinese people to overturn the decision for leaving and entering as pleased to the United
Inequality became instrumental in privileging white society early in the creation of American society. The white society disadvantaged American Indian by taking their land and established a system of rights fixed in the principle that equality in society depended on the inequality of the Indians. This means that for white society to become privileged they must deprive the American Indians of what was theirs to begin with. Different institutions such as the social institution, political, economical, and education have all been affected by race. Sociologists use Assimilation theory to examine race and institutions. The perceived deficiencies of minority immigrant groups by white society has resulted in a generalized characterization of these different racial groups that is demeaning and reinforces the negative stereotypes towards minorities in the United States. Knowles and Prewitt argue that the cause behind the racial tension is the historical roots of institutional racism, which has prevented the minority from attaining equality. Following structured social inequality in the United States, institutions have consistently denied the minority groups through discrimination in education, employment, health care and medicine, and politics. Some ways that this has been done is the use of Jim Crow Laws. These laws created inequality in the educational institution by conducting the black schools and whited schools separately; whites used different textbooks than blacks and they could not be interchanged, and promoting equality for the races was considered a misdemeanor offense resulting in fines or prison. Because of these institutions, we see that there is an American Ethnic Hierarchy. This is divided into a three tier system: first ...
The first Chinese immigrants to arrive in America came in the early 1800s. Chinese sailors visited New York City in the 1830s (“The Chinese Experience”); others came as servants to Europeans (“Chinese Americans”). However, these immigrants were few in number, and usually didn’t even st...
Since the beginning of colonization, America has been controlled by religiously and ethically diverse whites. The most profound cases of racism in the “United” States of America have been felt by Native Americans, Asians, African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Muslims. Major racially structured institutions include; slavery, settlement, Indian reservations, segregation, residential schools, and internment camps (Racism in the U.S., 1). Racism has been felt and seen by many in housing, the educational system, places of employment, and the government. Discrimination was largely criminalized in the mid 20th century, and at the same time became socially unacceptable and morally repugnant (Racism in the U.S., 1). Although racism was
Regarded as unassimilable, Asian immigrants were systematically discriminated by way of American immigration policies. The earliest policy enforced that overtly excluded groups of individuals based on racial categorization was passed in 1882. This was known as the Chinese Exclusion Act. As the years went by, hostile sentiments towards Asians fostered and eventually manifested themselves in the Immigration Act of 1924. In response to these discriminating policies, prospective immigrants sought alternate routes to America, often involving the channel of human smuggling. Despite the presence of human smuggling prior to the late 20th century, heightened awareness of this exploit resulted from the media sensation around the Golden Venture ship,
Kwong, Peter. 1999 “Forbidden Workers: Illegal Chinese Immigrants and American Labor” Publisher: The New Press.
The English immigrants are given a brief introduction as the first ethnic group to settle in America. The group has defined the culture and society throughout centuries of American history. The African Americans are viewed as a minority group that were introduced into the country as slaves. The author depicts the struggle endured by African Americans with special emphasis on the Civil War and the Civil Rights movement. The entry of Asian Americans evoked suspicion from other ethnic groups that started with the settlement of the Chinese. The Asian community faced several challenges such as the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, and the mistreatment of Americans of Japanese origin during World War II. The Chicanos were the largest group of Hispanic peoples to settle in the United States. They were perceived as a minority group. Initially they were inhabitants of Mexico, but after the Westward expansion found themselves being foreigners in their native land (...
Millions of immigrants over the previous centuries have shaped the United States of America into what it is today. America is known as a “melting pot”, a multicultural country that welcomes and is home to an array of every ethnic and cultural background imaginable. We are a place of opportunity, offering homes and jobs and new economic gains to anyone who should want it. However, America was not always such a “come one, come all” kind of country. The large numbers of immigrants that came during the nineteenth century angered many of the American natives and lead to them to blame the lack of jobs and low wages on the immigrants, especially the Asian communities. This resentment lead to the discrimination and legal exclusion of immigrants, with the first and most important law passed being the Chinese Exclusion Act. However, the discrimination the Chinese immigrants so harshly received was not rightly justified or deserved. With all of their contributions and accomplishments in opening up the West, they were not so much harming our country but rather helping it.