Chinese Civilization Chapter 4 Summary

According to historians, the language of human is the method communication either spoken or written, consisting of the use words in a structured and conventional form and ways. Without language, our world would be completely ineffectual because human beings would not know what to do or interact with each other. The world is full of different kinds of languages which are totally amazing and others have to study to be able to apprehend with others from dissimilar countries. Additionally, I will discuss how language, government, and religion lay foundation for one of these human civilizations and that would be China enlightenment. China is well known for many things such as technology, agriculture, and other things. Firstly, I will talk about

It began when the legend Fuxi discovered writing after seeing symbols located at the back of turtles. Mostly, oracle bones were found under shells of turtles and the shoulder blades of oxen. Then historian interprets with Wu Ding, they were people who requested information from the divine questioned onto the oracle bones. Afterward, the bones were heated and topped with a rod so the cracking places were considered answer which was the Chineses language. These symbol of Chinese characters were already moved away from those of other hieroglyphic or pictographic languages and it became increasingly stylized and after the Qin era, it were put into standard forms. Furthermore, Shang and Zhou which are political and religious leaders made sure these Chinese characters symbols contained inscriptions in archaic characters, to ensure that some knowledge of them would be preserved. Therefore, this is how the Chinese were able to generate their language for it citizens ad with that, it led to government and religion

There are a lot of government system in China. Moreover, I will discuss the one which made the most impact and well known throughout history and that is Confucian and Daoism in chapter nine-page 247. In ancient China, Confucian came when there was a great social and political disorder and man that taught this form of government was called Confucius. In chapter four, Zhou Kings Wen, Wu and the Duke of Zhou have educated leaders who had strong officials with moral characters were able to provide good government. However, the Confucian government gave a great emphasis on personal responsibility and that was the structure of government. Confucius established the concept of Junzi (the superior or gentleman). This concept of government showed and encouraged proper behavior among the people and also it helped the rulers to possess good qualities which would set a good example for their subject to follow. Despite the hardship and challenges, the Confucian government became one the most standard government form for the Chinese politics and scholarship. The other government is Daoism which I will discuss. In chapter nine-page 250, the Daoist political theory held the best government which governed least. Daoist instituted the Daode Jing( The classic of the Way and Virtue) which meant by non-action there is nothing that is done. This government shows that the ruler does nothing but create the conditions that would lead to a