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Child labor in the 19th century
Child labor in the 19th century
The negative effects of child labor
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Think about the cotton in your shirt, the sugar in your coffee, and the shoes on your feet, all of which could be products of child labor. Child labor is a practice that deprives children of their childhood, their potential, and their dignity and includes over 200 million children worldwide who are involved in the production of goods for companies and industries willing to exploit these kids for profit. Although most countries have laws prohibiting child labor, a lack of funding and manpower means that these laws are rarely enforced on a large scale. However, even for a first-world country like the United States, that has a large number of state and federal law enforcement officers, child labor is still a problem because priority is given to crimes that are more violent or heinous. Child labor must be made a priority issue because it is a global plague whose victims are physically and psychologically scarred, lack a proper education, are impoverished, and whose children are doomed to the same fate if nothing changes. Child labor has detrimental effects on kids physically, psychologically, and educationally. Physically, the manual labor that children have to go through everyday takes a toll on them. According to a study by the …show more content…
American Journal of Public Health, at least 60 percent of all child labor is done in hazardous conditions such as factories, plantations or mines, a majority of which, have no safety measures or supervision in place (Roggero, et al.). These jobs are especially harmful to kids due to their still developing bodies and their necessity for rest. Physical injuries, chemical poisonings, growth deficiencies, abnormal body structures and growth, diseases, fatigue, malnutrition, and reduced life expectancy are just some of the side effects that child laborers experience(ECLT). A poll conducted by the University of Iowa showed that in the United States alone, 19 percent of injuries and 41 percent of deaths that occurred in the workplace happened while a child was illegally working (Clark-Bennett, et al.). Also, as a result of spending their time working instead of having normal social interaction with friends and family, these children suffer educationally and psychologically as well. Most child laborers do not even get a basic education because of their work, and even those who do are still at a disadvantage compared to others. Children involved in child labor do not have the ability to think on the same cognitive level as their peers due to their lack of education, and the lack of social interaction they have with their peers and family leads to higher chances of social problems and drug abuse as adults (Gamble). All of these consequences caused by child labor lead to the life of a child laborer being permanently damaged. Child labor exists because of laws not being in place, regulations not being enforced, and a lack of awareness on the part of consumers toward what they buy.
In terms of laws prohibiting child labor, 180 countries have ratified the Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention, which prohibits all forms of child labor, including child trafficking, slavery, hazardous work, etc., yet child labor continues to happen in these countries. Other countries like India and Eritrea also need to be pressured and convinced to ratify this convention(ILO). This is not the only law prohibiting child labor, however. Globally, child labor before the age of 14 has basically been banned, but most countries do not enforce this rule or have exceptions to this
rule. Companies use child labor to better their business while degrading and abusing children. There are two main types of companies involved with child labor: those who do not know about it and those who do know and in some cases even promote it within the company. Despite the majority of companies that people buy products from having regulations in place, these companies often do not take the time or consideration to actually check for child labor. For example, “major electronics brands, including Apple, Samsung and Sony, are failing to do basic checks to ensure that cobalt mined by child labourers has not been used in their products. The report, This is what we die for: Human rights abuses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo power the global trade in cobalt, traces the sale of cobalt, used in lithium-ion batteries, from mines where children as young as seven and adults work in perilous conditions” (AI).Although these electronic companies did not know about child labor going on to produce materials for them, it still needs to be brought to attention and stopped. Due to the growing size of businesses around the world, it is getting harder and harder to enforce regulations about who can work and the conditions under which they are working, but many companies simply do not care as long as their products are selling. One example of this can be seen as, “According to a National Labor Committee 2006 report, an estimated 200 children, some 11 years old or even younger, are sewing clothing for Hanes, Wal-Mart, J.C. Penney, and Puma at the Harvest Rich factory in Bangladesh.” (Castillo) Not only did they have to work long hours, up to 19-20 hours a day, but they were also beaten and mistreated for not fulfilling their quota or making mistakes, and some children made as little as 6.5 cents an hour. Recently, in September 2015, three class-action lawsuits were filed in California against chocolate companies Hershey, Mars, and Nestle for child labor occurring in cocoa farms in Africa and the avoidance of bringing up the issue(Nieburg). Both of these examples show how companies are willing to exploit children for personal gain, and in the process put tremendous physical and mental strain on them as well. Child labor can only be stopped by reducing poverty and promoting education. Many kids have to work or are pressured to work by their families to make money to pay for basic necessities like food, water, clothing, and housing. To find the correlation between poverty and child labor, a study was conducted by Zahid Naeem, Faiza Shaukat, and Zubair Ahmed at Qassim University in the Malir district of Karachi, Pakistan between April and July 2008. “By systematic random sampling, 200 children between ages of 5–15 years were selected from among the working children in the district. A structured questionnaire was designed, including questions about the child, his family, nature of work and workplace and socio economic conditions.” (Naeem, et al.) The results showed that 83% of these children came from from poor families, 82% were working due to their poverty, and another 13% were being forced to work. This example shows how impoverished children tend to work to provide money for their family and how this cycle occurs over and over again. With child laborers making small amounts money and having little to no education, they are not able to get another job with a higher salary and are stuck in their current situation. This causes their kids to have to be child laborers as well and this can continue for centuries. This might explain why child labor reduction rates are stagnating. On the other hand, consumers buying products from these companies remain oblivious to how the product was made and by whom that progress cannot be made to fix this issue. The consumers need to step up and refuse to support companies that allow this to go on (Dewitt).This creates a clash because without a demand for products or good that children are making, children will lose their jobs and be even poorer. With poverty not going away anytime soon, regulations not being enforced, and the absence of responsibility that companies and consumers share, child labor continues and will continue to occur. Boycotting companies employing children, enforcing laws, and raising awareness about child labor will help end child labor. Boycotting companies that use child labor is an effective and proven way of fighting child labor. Nearly two decades ago, a report was released that Nike was paying their workers, including child laborers, as little as 14 cents per hours and were abusing them as well. Due to public protests and mass boycotts of the company, Nike began to cut down on this and employ regulations to end their flawed practices. They increased the wages of employees, made factory conditions cleaner, monitored factory conditions, and stopped the use of child labor. Now, Nike releases their own reports about their employees and wages and regained their reputation, as well as their control over the athletic footwear market by controlling 62% of the brand share currently ( Lutz). With less demand for products made by child labor, companies will be forced to comply with the consumer and stop the use of child labor. You can also donate to organizations such as UNICEF or the Ark of Hope to raise efforts and awareness. Not only do they take donations for projects with the goal of helping child laborers, but you can also volunteer your time to the cause by spreading the message either virtually or in your community or helping victims of child labor. All of these actions help child labor get one step closer to being dissolved, and that one step begins with one person. Child labor must be stopped worldwide due to its detrimental effects to children physically, psychologically, and educationally. Not only is child labor one of the worst forms of abuse, but it is prohibiting children from pursuing their interests and achieving their goals. However, seeing as child labor is a product of poverty, both issues must be fought hand in hand by governments, companies, and citizens. Child labor laws need to be strictly enforced by governments, companies need to punished and persecuted for enabling child labor as well as putting regulations and monitoring in place, and consumers need to stop supporting this evil practice. In the fight for equality for everyone, the effort must be made to ensure a better future for the generations ahead by ending child labor once in for all.
Canada, although it was very much alike during the 18th and the 19th century, however, when the 20th century came around equality took place and attitudes towards child labour were changing dramatically.
All of my life I have considered myself as a person who loves children. I enjoy playing with them, helping them, and just being around them. So when I first agreed with corporations who use child labor I shocked myself completely. After examining two articles; one “The Case for Sweatshops”, by David R. Henderson, and two “Sweatshops or a Shot at a Better Life”, by Cathy Young, I came to the conclusion that in some cases when young children work under proper conditions it can keep them out of the streets and be helpful to them and their families.
Throughout time children have worked myriad hours in hazardous workplaces in order to make a few cents to a few dollars. This is known as child labor, where children are risking their lives daily for money. Today child labor continues to exist all over the world and even in the United States where children pick fruits and vegetables in difficult conditions. According to the article, “What is Child Labor”; it states that roughly 215 million children around the world are working between the ages of 5 and 17 in harmful workplaces. Child labor continues to exist because many families live in poverty and with more working hands there is an increase in income. Other families take their children to work in the fields because they have no access to childcare and extra money is beneficial to buy basic needs. Although there are laws and regulations that protect children from child labor, stronger enforcement is required because child labor not only exploits children but also has detrimental effects on a child’s health, education, and the people of the nation.
There is no one country or region there is no child labor. June 12 is the "World Day Against Child Labour." Throughout the world, thousands of children are engaged hinder their education, development and future life of labor. This situation caused the child to cause intolerable violation of individual rights, persistent poverty, economic growth and equitable development suffered damage. Although most countries have laws forbid child labor, but they also ratified the United Nations and ILO conventions on child labor, but child labor is still widespread around the world. Therefore, the elimination of child labor is the international community strive for the goal. The ILO convention on minimum age for employment Article 138 stressed the close
Within months of the arrival of the early settlers on American soil, they were faced with the bitter cold of winter. These settlers were unprepared for winter. They were still in the process of building their houses, they had not gathered enough food to survive through the season, and they had no means of keeping warm during these dangerous months. Many of the early settlers died during these harsh cold months. With so many dead the use of child labor was necessary to survive for the colonist. In American history, this is often the case. In extreme times, when parents are unable to provide for their children on their own, the use of child labor is often
It is obvious that child labor must be stopped. “What can we do to stop child labor?” is a very broad question that does not have a simple answer. Instead of looking for a broad answer that we can’t seem to find (and that may not exist), we need to start taking small steps each day to save these invisible
The decline of child labor began when the laws related to child labor started turning in full effect. But especially in 1879, when the general assembly started to impose fines on employers who employed children in dance halls, saloons, prostitution and public exhibitions. Other factors also helped lead to the decline of child labor. New machinery that was too complex for a child to run, forced employers to hire semiskilled adults instead of children (Foner and Garraty). But maybe the most important cause for the wane of child labor was the advocates that helped to expose the cruelties placed upon the innocent young children.
One of the worst places for child labor is China. According to Liu, the actual legal age to work in China is 16, but their laws are very lightly enforced. Even though their laws are lightly enforced, children in China are still pushed into working at a young age mostly because of their family’s poverty. Chinese child labor has taken the lives of thousands of young children after the child may have worked to many hours or may have been infected from toxic materials (Children Rights). The most common work that kids participating while doing child labor includes mostly agriculture, industrial work, and services (Children Rights). Chinese child labor has an enormous impact on children physically, mentally also, and deprives them of their
Child Labor is not an isolated problem. The phenomenon of child labor is an effect of economic discrimination. In different parts of the world, at different stages of histories, laboring of child has been a part of economic life. More than 200 million children worldwide, some are as young as 4 and 5 years old, are slaves to the production line. These unfortunate children manufacture shoes, matches, clothing, rugs and countless other products that are flooding the American market and driving hard-working Americans out of jobs. These children worked long hours, were frequently beaten, and were paid a pittance. In 1979, a study shows more than 50 million children below the age of 16 were considered child labor (United Nation labors agency data). In 1998, according to the Campaign for Labor rights that is a NGO and United Nation Labor Agency, 250 million children around the world are working in farms, factories, and household. Some human rights experts indicate that there are as many as 400 million children under the age of 15 are performing forced labor either part or full-time under unsafe work environment. Based upon the needs of the situation, there are specific areas of the world where the practice of child labor is taking place. According to the journal written by Basu, Ashagrie gat...
Luckily, many organizations are currently taking action to bring awareness to the global issue of modern slavery. Bringing awareness to the public about the issues is the first thing that organizations aim to do. The more people are educated on the topic, the greater variety of different solutions are available. Not only do organizations spread information, but they also “influence public policy on child labor issues through an increased understanding of the impact of work on children’s health, the quality of their lives, and their ability to produce effectively in jobs as adults,” as well as increase recognition of how child labor exploitation reinforces and promotes poverty, adult unemployment, poor living standards, low literacy rates, and lax enforcement of labor regulation (Stop Child Labor). Although it may seem like many of these approaches diminish the amount of modern child labor, it is still not enough. Surprisingly, the everyday person could have a huge impact on decreasing the amount of underage work through simply refusing to buy or use a
Today, many people are complaining about the ethics of child labor. Large companies employ children under the age of sixteen from third world countries to work for them at factories. SOme people find this unethical, so they feel the need to boycott said companies. However, even if it is with the best intentions, boycotts are hurting the children far worse than working is. Oftentimes, families with children working in factories send their children off to work because they desperately need the money. Many families would starve without it. Working children are also more prepared for the challenges life may throw at them. Even though those against child labor might claim that children who are working are at risk to hazards while working in factories, people should not boycott products made by child labor because working conditions have dramatically improved over the years. People should not boycott products made by child labor.
According to UNICEF, there are an estimated one hundred and fifty eight million children aged five to fourteen in child labour worldwide. Millions of children are engaged in dangerous situations or conditions, such as working in mines, working with chemicals and pesticides in agriculture or working with dangerous machinery. They are everywhere but invisible, working as domestic servants in homes, labouring behind the walls of workshops, hidden from view in plantations. If there is nothing wrong with child labour, then why is the exploitation so secret? Do you ever wonder when you go into certain shops how a handmade t-shirt can be so cheap? Or on the other hand, products which are sold to us at extremely high prices and we assume...
Approximately 246 million children are used for child labour every day, and some are even as young as 5 years old. 246 million is almost 6 times more than the population of Canada. How did these children end up in this terrible situation? Where are their parents? What companies use child labour? Most answers are unclear. Did you know that children in Indonesia are picking cotton to make your pants or in West Africa picking cocoa beans to make your chocolate? It was challenging to come up with a solution to the issue of child labour but in 1989 the UN convention on the rights of a child stated that children: “have the right to protection from any kind of exploitation.” So everyone can be safe. But, Even though this exists, can the UN ensure
“Child slavery is a crime against humanity. Humanity itself is at stake here. A lot of work still remains, but I will see the end of child labor in my lifetime”, said Kailash Satyarthi. Child labor has been going on for many years now. Kids are having to work in terrible working conditions and making very little profit. Kids are usually from the age of ten to fourteen. They work on farms all the way to working in mills. Kids work in about every job they can. These kids are losing out on education, healthcare, leisure, and just even their childhood. This usually down the road leads to being in poverty because they didn’t have that education they
Since the definition varies drastically in different parts of the world it is hard to decide what is child labour and what is labour. For example the minimum work age in Egypt is 12, this would therefore constitute the 12 year old as an adult in the workforce and therefore would not be put in the child labour category.16 However the basic minimum age recommended by the International Labour Organization is 15.17 The Convention on the Rights of the Child defines child as any person under the age of 18 therefore constituting the full time employment of 12 year olds as child labour.18 While the definition of child may be disputed, I still firmly believe that the full time work of persons under the age of 18, which puts them in harms way and distracts from education, and life outside of work constitutes as a human rights violation.