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The Struggles and Sacrifices of Women in “Chevrefoil” and “Les Deus Amanz”
“The Lais de Marie de France” is a collection of twelve short poems written by Marie de France. Within the Lais, Marie de France has written 2 poems, “Les Deus Amanz” and “Chevrefoil”, which are both a lais about love. “Les Deus Amanz” tells the story of a young girl, living with her father, the king. The king has set a task that all suitors must complete before they may have his daughter’s hand in marriage. “Chevrefoil” is a tale about a queen falling in love with the king’s nephew. Upon discovering this, the king banishes the nephew from the land. “Les Deus Amanz” and “Chevrefoil” are similar in their tales in the way that the women owe their loyalty to the king, there
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In the tale “Les Deus Amanz”, the son of the count loves the daughter so dearly, he prepares for the nearly impossible task the king has set of carrying his daughter up the mountain. Knowing this task is nearly impossible, the son of the count goes to the daughter’s aunt for a potion which will revive him and increase his strength. When the son of the count and the daughter begin the task up the mountain, he is in such great happiness being with his love, he forgets to take the potion to increase his strength. When he begins to tire, the daughter tries to get him to take the potion, but with such great pride the son states ‘fair one, I feel, my heart to be strong’ (Marie de France 84). The daughter continues to encourage her love to take the potion but ‘he would take no heed of her, and carried her onward in great pain’ (Marie de France 84). When the son of the count reached the top of the mountain, ‘he fell down and never rose again, his heart left his body’ (Marie de France 84). The son of the count had such great pride and happiness in being with the daughter, he was willing to die to prove he could complete this task without the help of a potion for her. When the daughter cannot revive her beloved, ‘sorrow for him touched her heart, and there this damsel died’ (Marie de France 85) she dies next to him on the top of the mountain. In “Les Deus Amanz”, the lovers died for their forbidden love, which is similar to the forbidden love in “Chevrefoil”. In “Chevrefoil”, the nephew Tristram is banished from the king’s land after falling in love with the queen. Upon being banned from the land, Tristram had nowhere to live, and took to the forest all alone ‘but ran the risk of death and destruction’. Their love was compared to a honeysuckle which clings to the hazel branch, ‘the two can survive, but if anyone should attempt to separate themselves, the hazel
As is custom with Marie De France, her lai “Lanval” presents the idea of a romance in which the power of fairies and/or magic is present and works to aid or hurt the romance in question. In the case of “Lanval” magic and fairies come to the aid of our protagonist Lanval, and ultimately lead to the formation of a romantic relationship in his life. However, Lanval faces a dilemma as he talks of his love to the fairy woman while rejecting the Queen’s love, and thus realizes he will never be able to see his beloved again, as she had told him never to speak of their romance or he would lose her. Luck turns in his favor though, as even after having spoken of their love, his beloved returns and they leave together. Many may speculate as to why Marie
Throughout the Lais of Marie de France there are several themes presented as central to the various stories. Some of these themes are present in all of the lais. One such example is that of courtly love and it’s implications. Courtly love being one of the more prominent themes in all of medieval literature, it is fittingly manifested in all of the lais as well. Another theme present in two of the lais is isolation. The theme of isolation plays a large role in the stories of Guigemar and Lanval. In each of these lais we see isolation as a factor in determining the fates of the central figures. Within each lai isolation is represented on several different occasions, each time having a direct impact on the outcome. These instances of isolation may be seen at times to be similar in nature and consequence, and different at other times. By sifting through both works these instances may be extrapolated and analyzed.
The lais of Milum is the story of a great knight born in South Wales, and the love he shared with the beautiful daughter of a nobleman. Throughout the story we are told of the struggle and hardships, they endured due to the feelings they harbored for one another. Similarly to many of Marie’s lays Milun is told in a charming and simple nature, but upon closer inspection we can see its complexity. A tale of love is one told time and time again, a tale as old as time itself, yet the tale differs as well as the love. The love of Milum and the maiden is a private one, fueled by fame and honor. It is restrictive but also freeing, it traps you in its course letting you escape from the world.
Many of Catullus’s poems expressed Catullus’s love for his beloved Lesbia. In the first poem he is relishing her kisses and declaring the eternity of their love. The three later poems show him sadder and he accurse Lesbia of unfaithfulness yet still confesses his love for her. Catullus’s Poems are universal in time and are relevant to any time period. The particular time period that I am focusing on is today’s time period and how his essays are relevant to the modern reader. The two particular poems that I am going to be focusing on is number five and number seventy-two. Both are very emotional and could be reflected on today’s society.
The use of ‘wild’ in both Catherine and La Belle’s descriptions shows their similarity in nature. The similarities of their descriptions of a charming, appealing appearances compared with their saucy, wild natures demonstrate the comparison of conflict within these texts.
Marie de France's use of animals in her lais is molded and adjusted to fit her needs. She creates metaphors relating to love and love relationships that were not mentioned in the Christian based Book of Beasts. However, the Gawain author appears to have kept true to the type of descriptions and natures of the animals in White's translation. Both authors were able to use animals to express specific features of human emotions and relationships, furthering our understanding of the nature of temptation, love and relationships in the medieval period.
In The Lais of Marie de France, the theme of love is conceivably of the utmost importance. Particularly in the story of Guigemar, the love between a knight and a queen brings them seemingly true happiness. The lovers commit to each other an endless devotion and timeless affection. They are tested by distance and are in turn utterly depressed set apart from their better halves. Prior to their coupling the knight established a belief to never have interest in romantic love while the queen was set in a marriage that left her trapped and unhappy. Guigemar is cursed to have a wound only cured by a woman’s love; he is then sent by an apparent fate to the queen of a city across the shores. The attraction between them sparks quickly and is purely based on desire, but desire within romantic love is the selfishness of it. True love rests on a foundation that is above mere desire for another person. In truth, the selfishness of desire is the
...tion of both methods can be used to show France’s idea of what love is. Patrick John Ireland argued that France’s idea of love “is a human force controlled by man with great difficulty; it is a spontaneous, natural, and all-consuming power, the experience of which leads to an almost blind passion at times” (133). To be in love, one must be entirely devoted and passionate to one another to the point of blind passion. This is so for Yonec (the Princess jumps out of the tower) and Lanval (Lanval’s complete rejection of the human world until he is brought into the world of his lover). Not only does France portray love as natural and all-consuming, but also shows the private and unearthly nature of love that cannot be contained to the realm of the human world. Rather, love transcends the boundaries of the human world and enters into a world where love reigns supreme.
The story begins with the Marquise de Merteuil corresponding with Vicomte de Valmont regarding a luscious new act of ‘revenge’, as she describes it, against the Comte de Gercourt. The young Cecile de Volanges has just come home from the convent and her marriage to Gercourt has been arranged. However, before he can wed the innocent child, Merteuil proposes Valmont ‘educate’ her, thus spoiling Gercourt’s fancy for untarnished convent girls. Valmont is uninterested in such an easy seduction and is far more aroused by the thought of lulling The Presidente’ de Tourvel, the very epitome of virtue, into submission. And so the tale unfolds.
Although these poems are both centered around the theme of love, they each contain a different meaning. Lord Byron's “She Walks in Beauty” is dedicated to conveying love through the use of metaphors. Keats' poem, “La Belle Dame sans Merci,” on the other hand, tells a story about how love can be deceiving. Despite their differences, these poems have similarities as well. They each have three parts that progress a story along through the use of literary techniques. Each poem was also written in the early 1800's. These poems both implicate the reader to make a connection to everyday life by relating possible experiences of love.
During the Middle Ages, Courtly love was a code which prescribed the conduct between a lady and her lover (Britannica). The relationship of courtly love was very much like the feudal relationship between a knight and his liege. The lover serves his beloved, in the manner a servant would. He owes his devotion and allegiance to her, and she inspires him to perform noble acts of valor (Schwartz). Capellanus writes, in The Art of Courtly Love, “A true lover considers nothing good except what he thinks will please his beloved”. The stories of Marie de France and Chrétien de Troyes illustrate the conventions of courtly love.
“The Wife of Bath’s Tale” is written in an entertaining and adventurous spirit, but serves a higher purpose by illustrating the century’s view of courtly love. Hundreds, if not thousands, of other pieces of literature written in the same century prevail to commemorate the coupling of breathtaking princesses with lionhearted knights after going through unimaginable adventures, but only a slight few examine the viability of such courtly love and the related dilemmas that always succeed. “The Wife of Bath’s Tale” shows that women desire most their husband’s love, Overall, “The Wife of Bath’s Tale” shows that the meaning of true love does not stay consistent, whether between singular or separate communities and remains timeless as the depictions of love from this 14th century tale still hold true today.
Moving towards the second tale “The Wife of Bath” love and death play a very large toll on the outcome of the story. We begin with a knight who rapes a woman and is given the death penalty. His “love” for her granted him a golden ticket to a death, but miraculously is spared to find the answer to question his life depended on. When introduced to the old woman, he is forced to pledge himself to her in order for help. She helps him and he lives but is now burdened with a woman he does not love. He has no love for her yet is forced to marry and remain miserable.
Her drawn-out confession is worded in a way that the “someone” that she loves “who loves [her] too” seems to be Cyrano because every description matches him (73). However, she calls him “beautiful” (74) and concludes that the man is “Baron Christian de Neuvillette” (75) Not only does this contradict the audience’s expectations, but it also weaves in her instinctive disregard for a consideration of inner beauty. Despite her claims about knowing his true character, her response exhibits her falling into the trap of superficiality. For fifteen years, Roxane remains unaware of her true love and only discovers the truth with his death; from “the letters” to “the voice…in the dark,” everything was Cyrano and not Christian (220). As the spark of truth ignited her love, the life of her lover was extinguished. She did not doubt her lover’s identity until it is too late, communicating that she did not question his perfection. This comes to show that even those who should know do not realize the potential falsity of a person; in this case, Roxane, who was Christian’s lover and Cyrano’s family and friend, did not connect the two together. Thus, there should not be assumptions made about reality, as demonstrated by Roxane interactions with
Following the history of the era in literature, many authors were fascinated by the courtly tradition, chivalry and a higher love. Therefore, we have today musical compositions that speak of many of the same ideas. French composers wrote songs in the vernacular called chansons de geste . These songs spoke of the heroic acts performed by knights for their ladies in the name of love. The French have a national epic called the Chanson de Roland which related the life and death of Charlemagne’s nephew and his endeavor to rid France of the Basques.