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The main theme of 20th century Russian literature
The main theme of 20th century Russian literature
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Stories are a concept that transcend time. They are found in all languages, containing seeds of the culture’s traditions, values, and history inside the words themselves. To explore these stories means to pull apart and further understand the people and society from where it came. Yet, it also serves to connect cultures and introduce themes common throughout humanity no matter where or when one lives. Chekhov, a renowned Russian writer, exhibits within his several short stories concepts that are culturally unique as well as concepts universally understood. These truths don’t only just concern humanity but the world itself. In his stories, he presents settings that are static and unchanging. Interestingly, the characters lives are often presented as static as well, trapped in situations without an escape. The parallelism Chekhov develops between the environment and the characters works to emphasize the characters’ plights. This technique is plainly evident in the short story “A Little Game”, where Nadenka is trapped reliving a winter’s sled ride. While the narrator and Nadenka sled down a …show more content…
Perhaps this gives the audience insight into Chekhov’s perspective on his own life or perhaps it is only a critique of the lives his characters embody. Though it may never be fully clear what Chekhov’s reasons were for making the character’s plights so similar, it doesn’t negate the uncomfort that it inspires. Chekhov doesn’t just recognize this fact, but manipulates it, exacerbating the character’s imprisonment by using the environment to make it seem as if it’s physical as well as psychological. This fear of being trapped by one’s own life may be uncomfortable but it’s also common, something than many would rather avoid. With each story, Chekhov forces his audience to face that hard truth, and through his characters, the consequences of surrendering to
Through trials and tribulations the character Shukhov faces many horrible and gruesome form of physical torment, the worst tragedy he endures is mental torture. "A convict's thoughts are no freer than he is; they come back to the same place, worry over the same thing continually" (19). As a prisoner, he fears that he will have another sentence slapped onto his previous sentence, which will not allow him to be free and be with his family. The Soviet Union forces the prisoners to experience physical brutality and mental struggle. They are constantly worn down by the thoughts of being free, which will never happen. The prisoners fear that they will never see the light of day but in fact to continue to live through the criminal injustice system.
The conflict between good and evil is one of the most common conventional themes in literature. Coping with evil is a fundamental struggle with which all human beings must contend. Sometimes evil comes from within a character, and sometimes other characters are the source of evil; but evil is always something that the characters struggle to overcome. In two Russian novels, Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and Mikhail Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita, men and women cope with their problems differently. Raskolnikov in Crime and Punishment and the Master in The Master and Margarita can not cope and fall apart, whereas Sonya in Crime and Punishment and Margarita in The Master and Margarita, not only cope but pull the men out of their suffering.
Anton Chekhov’s short story “The Bishop” was written in 1902 and published in 1979 in “Anton Chekhov’s Short Stories” along with many of his other works, such as “The Betrothed” and “The Lady with the Dog”. While “The Bishop” is not a direct reflection of Chekhov’s life, the story does reflect elements of his life. His religious upbringing is most prevalent in this story, but being ill with Tuberculosis of the lungs during the time this story was written is shown as well through Bishop Pyotr’s sickness.
feminist theory. Through Anton Chekhov’s plays, the paper also attempts to critically analyse the role of women in Russia and portrays gender roles and the subjugation of women and their lack of rights as a result of social constructs created by the patriarchs of the society, also those who have control over the socio-political aspects of the society. The concepts of feminism, patriarchy, and subjugation are to be understood with respect to the Russian experience of emancipation. The paper on the whole attempts to employ the feminist literary theory and in light of feminist criticism, analyse the two plays in question and talk about the state of women, tracing the overall growth in their stature from the Russia of 19th century to contemporary Russia and highlight the inequality derived out of gender roles and orthodox stereotypes.
Few authors can convey the raw emotion of world changing events in such a moving and simplistic fashion. Anna Ahkmatova is able to capture this through her almost tangible use of imagery. Her words can transport the reader through time, allowing them to feel the same pain and fear she survived in Russia during Stalin’s reign of terror. Ahkmatova’s writing is known for its abrupt changes in point of view, and quickly shifting stanzas. Her unique style and poetic form can be attributed to the emotional turmoil of the world changing events she and her nation suffered through; and her innate love for music, as found in Mussorgsky’s Russian Opera, Boris Godunov.
It seems as though Pyotr and Alexeich both represent different aspects of Chekhov’s father, and Chekhov himself is Anna. Chekov’s father was aloof from his family and came from a lower class background; like Modest Alexeich, Chekhov’s father also fawned at the feet of his social superiors. Chekhov, in contrast, was an unconventional boy. He eventually broke from his family’s lower class position and became a doctor; however, throughout his school and career he performed additional odd jobs to earn money he could send to his father. Also like Anna, Chekhov loved to be with people (Payne xiii, xvii-xxi). Comparing the two, then, it would seem as if Chekhov identifies with Anna as she struggles to find her social identity and wrestles with her desires and the needs of those she loves. This tone gives the story a melancholy mood and leads to a bittersweet conclusion. The ending seems happy for Anna, yet the reader is left to wonder what the ending represents. Did her father and husband receive the dues for their behavior? Are Anna’s actions a normal product of the transformation from youth to adulthood, or did she come to completely discard respect and
It captures the emotions left in the hearts of these characters. In the novel, Gurov’s imagery differentiates between young romance and the connections of lasting love. One of the main sceneries of the story takes place in the beautiful resort town of Yalta. According to Chekhov’s novel, Yalta is described as “The water was a warm, tender purple, the moonlight lay on its surface in a golden strip” (2). Yalta is an exciting place for new, colorful, and youth romance to begin. Another part of the novel’s setting are the confined homes of both Anna and Gurov. Where gray haunts their homes in their monotonous days away from each other. Chekhov mentions, “He sat up in bed, covered by the cheap gray quilt, which reminded him of a hospital blanket, and in his vexation he fell to taunting himself” (10). The reoccurrence of the gray description of the homes of Gurov and Anna while they are in despair when away from each other, with the colorful images of Yalta and the emotions of happiness when they are together, show how the separation in setting is important to the emotions of the characters. At the resort with Anna, Gurov’s day are full of passion, excitement and a carefree lifestyle similar to the youth of society. While away from her, Gurov savors the precious instants of her company. “Anna Sergeyevna did not come to him in his dreams, she accompanied him everywhere, like his shadow, following him
Chekhov writes ”Prisoner suffered severely from loneliness and depression”(pg.3). Since the lawyer was in solitary confinement he had to human communication, that made him get depressed and lonely. Solitary confinement has making him suffer mental problems and the banker's opinion about solitary confinement was actually happening. The story says ”At the table a man unlike ordinary people was sitting motionless”(pg.6). The lawyer did not respond to any sound at all. Furthermore, his mental state lost the way he responding to anything because since he was in that room for along time by himself without any odd noise. Also he is just focused on
In following the life of Zhivago, the effects of the Russian revolution on Russia's society are made evident. The strong characterization, believability, powerful imagery, and writing style all help construct a link between the story and the reader. The successful development of this bond draws the reader in the lives of the characters. This union that Pasternak creates is the basis of a universally readable novel, a union that makes Doctor Zhivago a success.
Chekov's literary style expressed a view that good and evil were not as easily apparent it should seem. In his own words he stated that, "...to judge between good and bad, between successful and unsuccessful would take the eye of a god." Chekov wrote about life and the individuals that filled it surpassing the themes, ideologies, and cultural confines of the time and place in which he lived . And so as long as there is a place for human life to continue, in all it's beauty, complexity, a diversity, and drama, there will always be a place for Chekov among us as well.
First, the characters understand that their relationship is based on future aspirations and second, they have historical relationship disappointments. This third insight into the psychology of love supports the fact that many relationships and marriages often fail because of unrealistic expectations. Psychology research SHOWS that individual expectations for relationships actually sows the seeds of discontent. People are expected to provide not only provide safety, security and support, but also facilitate personal growth and freedom. Even though they come from an older period in history, Anna and Dmitri are stereotypical people who have unhappy pasts and hopeful futures. They are thrown into an intense relationship with limited mutual understanding. Chekhov’s limited dialogue and straightforward narrative leaves plenty of cognitive room for readers to ruminate about their own experiences and how they relate to the
While Chekhov uses pain and suffering in all his stories, he does an especially effective job with two short stories “Misery” and “Vengeance.” In both, Chekhov introduces a similar theme, although it is first suggested in “Misery”: “The theme of the individual isolation is suggested in many of Chekhov’s early stories, but it is first fully developed in the brief sketch ‘Misery’,” (Winner 137). While reading “Misery,” the reader can absorb Chekhov through the twined themes of loneliness and isolationism. This enables characters to become so real that each reader can relate through the characters and the situation. One reason “Misery” is so well thought of by critics is that “the story takes a powerful look at the lack of human involvement and compassion towards one man’s grief” (Guevara 2). Of course, almost all who read the story have felt such loneliness or grief at one time or other in their lives and can, therefore, relate to the protagonist’s pain and isolation.
Anton Chekhov includes many dimensions to the plot of the Seagull in order to add increased depth to the story. The conflict, climax, complications, and denouement of the play all benefit from the wide range problems that Chekhov implants through the characters. In addition, the complex character relationships add to these events, without confusing the reader. These four events all rotate around the play's four main characters, Nina, Irina, Treplev and Trigorin. The play's central conflict is between Treplev and Trigorin, who holds the love of both Irina and Nina. Complicating this conflict is the relationship between Irina and Treplev and Irina's feelings towards Nina, Treplev's love interest. The climax of the play is a fight between Irina and Treplev, who can't come to terms on her relationship with Treplev. This fight reflects the lack of care that Nina has for her son, which ultimately leads to the play's denouement, not included in the play. However, the denouement is left for the reader to imagine. Although some of the problems faced by Chekhov's characters would seem insignificant if taking place in real life, on stage, the conflicts are magnified due to the relationships between the characters and the events that take place as a result.
Anton Chekhov is a Russian writer; he writes short stories. In his short stories he relies on characterization to make his points about a character in few words. Some believe that since no build up of exciting events happen his stories are meaningless. However, Chekhov’s stories are thought by others to be enjoyable. While others think they’re a waste of time to read due to the lack of events happening; I think Chekhov focusing on characters emotions and what they say is much more important. In other words Chekhov primarily uses internal drama rather than external drama. Chekhov avoids doing what so many other writers do which is using lots of details describing the environment, what they wore, their life background; instead, he gives the reader just enough detail to picture the character and gets to the point he’s trying to make.
Matlaw, Ralph E. Anton Chekhov¡¦s Short Stories: Texts of the Stories Bachgrounds Criticism. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc., 1979.