Charles Duhigg The Power Of Habit Analysis

Tony Ngo
Introduction to Psychology
Dr. Ansley W. LaMar
Charles Duhigg's The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business.
November 23, 2014

PROLOGUE: THE HABIT CURE
Lisa was obese, a smoker, a drinker and a deadbeat who could not maintain a job, but at the age of 34, she straightened her life out. Now she was she was fit, does not smoke and a non-drinker, debt-free and rewardingly employed. It is because of this Lisa was the perfect subject for this experiment. The question neurologists, psychologists, geneticists and sociologists were trying to answer was how did Lisa turn her life around? They conducted the experiment by poking and stimulating her and others with destructive habits that had remodeled their lives in a short

period of time just like Lisa. Lisa explained that it all started when her husband left her, and that experienced really messed her up to the point of lighting up a pen instead of cigarette. With the little credit she has left, she went to Egypt and because of that trip and of pure desperation, she planned to trek the desert and gave herself a year to prepare for this. First she had to quit smoking to build her stamina and one habit change set off a chain reaction. The changes were visible in her brain. Her old habits’ patterns had been overruled by new patterns. Lisa literally reprogrammed her whole body with just by changing her habits, and people are not the only ones who do this. Companies also do this by changing work habits, thus transforming themselves. I guess, we, just like Lisa, are “creatures of habit.”
CHAPTER ONE: THE HABIT LOOP: How Habits Work
Eugene Pauly, who is 71 years old, lost his recent memories and incapable of making new ones. He began working with Larry Squire who is a professor and researcher that is specialized in memory. Pauly’s brain resembles Henry Molaison’s brain from 30 years earlier noted Squire. Although there were similarities in both men, there were immense differences as well. For example, Molaison had to be institutionalized after his surgery while Eugene was able to carry on conversations. Eugene used to walked everyday with his wife, Beverly, but one day he slipped out the house by himself, and soon he was able to go on walks by himself. That means Eugene was obtaining new information, but where is the information residing in the brain? An experiment conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, involved studying the brains of rats via sensors as they moved through a maze to acquire a reward. From the beginning the brains worked hard, but as the rats got to be more acquainted with the maze, their brain didn't perform as hard. The same thing happens to us. When we do the same thing every day, it becomes a routine, and a habit is born because the basal ganglia, is where habits are formed, takes over. One method for taking a gander at habits is as an issue "three-step loop." First there's the cue, the trigger that sets an activity in movement. At that point there's the routine that can be physical, mental or passionate. At last there's the prize. The more these are rehearsed, the more programmed they get to be until a habit is conceived. When a habit is conceived, the mind can quit working so hard. Habits can be broken, yet they're never truly quenched which is an immense point of interest for us. Suppose you needed to relearn how to drive after every excursion. Squire was persuaded that Eugene was shaping new habits. His work with him altered mainstream researchers' understanding of how the cerebrum functions. From that point forward, the study of habit arrangement has blasted. Companies, and analysts, are mulling over how habits are framed and how they can be changed. Seven years after Eugene's ailment, his life had sunk into a schedule, and he died.
CHAPTER TWO: THE CRAVING BRAIN: How to Create New Habits
In the early 1900s, Claude C. Hopkins was asked by a companion to outline a national notice fight for another item, "a minty, foamy invention called Pepsodent." Hopkins was a promoting virtuoso whose guidelines are still utilized today. How could he have been able to he isn't that right? He made a desire. That desire is the thing that makes signals and prizes work. The particular desiring was the general longing to be excellent. The signal was the film, the routine was brushing, and the prize was a wonderful grin. Drake Stimson headed a group of advertising administrators with planning and promoting for Procter & Gamble's new item, a shower that could expel awful stenches from fabric. It was called Febreze. They tried it and it bombarded. Individuals didn't know their homes inhaled terrible on the grounds that they had gotten to be desensitized to it. Wolfram Schultz, a professor of neuroscience at the University of Cambridge experimented on monkeys' brains. One monkey, Julio, compensate each time he pressed a lever when he saw a beautiful shape. Julio's mind action spiked when he got the prize. At that point he started to foresee the prize and his mind movement would spike when he saw the vivid shape. He was creating a solid habit. At that point Schultz changed the test. Here and there the juice was weakened or late or didn't touch base whatsoever. Julio would get irritated and his cerebrum would demonstrate another example, desiring. This is the same needing that keeps a speculator at the opening machine long after he's guaranteed himself he'll take off. It's the same desiring that makes considerations of an eating methodology vanish when you smell something delightful. Anyhow Cinnabon preferences to be independent so the fragrance isn't weakened with other nourishment and customers can smell the moves before they even see the shops. Drake Stimson and his group were starting over. They questioned analysts, professors, and purchasers. One lady said she utilized Febreze, not to dispose of any particular smells, however as a major aspect of her home cleaning. She'd complete a room with a spritz. They began viewing features of ladies cleaning. Toward the end, each one had a little grin of fulfillment. They added aroma to the formula so Febreze didn't simply take out terrible smells, it included an average one. Febreze turned into the prize for cleaning. Inside two months of the Febreze relaunch, deals multiplied. Today, Febreze and all its turn offs is a billion dollar a year business. It turns out, Charles C. Hopkins wasn't the first to connection toothpaste with revolting film and wonderful teeth. In this way, why did Pepsodent succeed when different toothpastes fizzled? Pepsodent made a yearning. Dissimilar to alternate toothpastes of now is the right time, it delivered a shiver. Shoppers started to need it. Without it, their mouths didn't feel clean. The shiver was the flag that the item met expectations. For organizations, understanding the exploration of longings has the effect between an effective item and a failure. Yearnings drive habits. We ache for the shiver so we brush our teeth. We need the fulfillment of a clean house, so we give the couch a spritz of Febreze.
CHAPTER THREE: THE GOLDEN RULE OF HABIT CHANGE: Why Transformation Occurs
Very nearly any behavior can be changed if the cue and prize keep with it.

At the point when Tony Dungy assumed control over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers they were one of the most noticeably bad groups in the National Football League, maybe ever. He taught the players to quit thinking and begin responding. The way to winning was changing players' habits, not the prompt or the prize, the schedule. You can, nonetheless, change the habit, by keeping the old sign and the old remunerate and embedding another schedule. That is the Golden Rule of Habit Change. The Golden Rule has impacted treatment for various types of damaging conduct from liquor addiction to indulging. Bill Wilson took his first drink when he was 22-years of age. When he was 39, he was drinking three containers of alcohol a day and his life were breaking apart. The signals and prizes stay consistent, however the routine changes. As a component of the 12-stage program, drunkards make a stock of themselves. As it were, they recognize the signals that prompt drinking. Mandy didn't drink, however she was an interminable nail-biter. The habit was demolishing her life. She saw an analyst who rehearsed habit inversion preparing. He strolled her through nail gnawing from signs to reward. The sign was strain in her fingers. The prize was the physical incitement. Portraying the signals that set off conduct is called mindfulness preparing and is the initial phase in habit inversion preparing. He had her substitute a contending

reaction, for example, putting her delivers her pocket. She substituted another physical incitement, such as rubbing her arm or rapping her knuckles. Inside one month, she had totally ended her old habit. It appears to be preposterously straightforward, however once you're mindful of how your habit functions, once you perceive the signs and prizes, you're half-approach to evolving it says Nathan Azrin, one of the engineers of habit inversion preparing. The reality of the situation is, the mind can be reinvented. In Tony Dungy's second season, the Bucs made it to the play-offs without precedent for a long time. Dungy turned into a most loved with the games media, for his family values, and his training. The Bucs turned into a winning group, yet they had one ruinous habit: They grasped in the defining moment. In the wake of losing two straight Super Bowls, Dungy was terminated. Tony Dungy was enlisted by the Indianapolis Colts and taught the group to change their habits. It functioned admirably amid the season, however, the Colts, in the same way as the Bucs, gagged under play-off weight. At that point, catastrophe struck. Dungy's child Jamie died. The group aroused around their mentor. The group gave into Dungy's vision and happened to win the Super Bowl.
CHAPTER FOUR: KEYSTONE HABITS, OR THE BALLAD OF PAUL O’NEILL: Which Habits Matter Most
Paul O’Neill was added as CEO of Alcoa on the grounds that the organization was in a bad position.

In a year, Alcoa's benefits hit a record high. How did concentrating on worker wellbeing bring about expanded benefits? O’Neill assaulted the cornerstone habit, those habits that can begin a chain response. The progressively outstretching influence created positive changes all through the organization. By concentrating on worker wellbeing, O’Neill really brought on a radical realignment. Keeping in mind the end goal to keep workers safe, you needed to comprehend why they were harmed in any case. He began with a basic habit circle. Because of it, the unit president needed to contact O’Neill inside 24 hours. That implied everybody up the levels of leadership from the representative to the unit president must be mindful of it quickly. To keep mishaps to a base, recommendation boxes were made accessible. Individuals began talking and tuning in. As wellbeing expanded, costs descended, quality went up, profit expanded, and benefits soar. Cornerstone habits have been recognized in families. Those that consume supper together have youngsters with better homework habits, more certainty and better enthusiastic control. Michael Phelps had the ideal body for a swimmer. Long middle, enormous hands, short legs. Anyhow to turn into a gold-decoration winning Olympic champion, he required more. He required habits that would make him the strongest mental swimmer in the pool. Phelps' mentor

taught him to play a nonexistent tape of a flawless race again and again in his psyche. At the premise of why cornerstone habits are so fruitful is the idea of little wins. One achievement, which without anyone else's input may appear immaterial, prompts the following and the following and persuades individuals that greater achievements are conceivable. Before Alcoa, Paul O’Neill had worked for the national government, particularly on newborn child mortality, which was higher in country territories of the U.S. than in a few parts of South America. He began inquiring as to why these infants were biting the dust. Each one answer prompted more inquiries. Children were dying as a result of untimely births. Since their moms were malnourished when they were pregnant, as well as before they got to be pregnant because they were never taught about it. Keeping in mind the end goal to battle baby mortality, O’Neill needed to begin with educators. Today the newborn child death rate is 68% lower than when O’Neill began the employment.
CHAPTER FIVE: STARBUCKS AND THE HABIT OF SUCCESS: When Willpower Becomes Automatic
Travis Leach was the child of drug addicts. He dropped out of school at 16 and couldn't hold a job, not even at McDonald’s. He couldn't take the anxiety of furious clients and co-workers, so he was as often as possible late for work or he wouldn't appear whatsoever. As much as he attempted to improve, he failed. Travis eventually got a job at Starbucks and after a month, he was a barista. After six years, he was the director of two Starbucks, directing 40 representatives, making $44,000 a year. Starbucks doesn't simply show its representatives how to make espresso, it shows them the life skills that they never gained from at schools or at home. At the center of the preparation is a serious concentrate on an exceedingly essential habit: self discipline. It's the absolute most paramount cornerstone habit for achievement, more vital than IQ. With the goal representatives should have the vital "enthusiasm," they must have the capacity to control their feelings, stay centered and restrained all through their day of work. Starbucks used millions creating educational programs on resolution. In one renowned investigation of determination, specialists gave four-year-olds a decision. They could consume one marshmallow now, however in the event that they could hold up 15 minutes, they could consume two. A long time later, they found the youngsters. The ones who held up had the best grades, were more popular, and did less drugs. The same teach that helped them hold up, paid off in later life. Specialist Mark Muraven needed to know why, if self discipline was an ability, it wasn't fixed from normal. What preferred approach to test self discipline over with new, warm chocolate chip treats? Understudies were displayed with a vessel of treats and a dish of radishes. Half were advised to consume the radishes, a large portion of the treats. At that point they were displayed with an unthinkable riddle. They understudies who had utilized up their self control opposing the treats did ineffectively. The understudies who at the treats and had a full supply of resolution did well. Determination isn't simply an expertise. It's a muscle, in the same way as the muscles in your arms or legs, and it gets tired as it works harder, so there's less power left over for different things.
CHAPTER SIX: THE POWER OF A CRISIS: How Leaders Create Habits through Accident and Design
Rhode Island Hospital was a frightful spot to work in 2000. To work around the specialists, they created methods to communicate among themselves. Examples and habits created, yet they were harmful. One such mistake was brain surgery on the wrong side of an elderly man's skull and ended up killing the man. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change were created by Yale professors Richard Nelson and Sidney Winter, represented the hypothesis that while it may appear as though associations are settling on sane choices focused around consistent considering, they're truly simply doing what they've generally done. Associations, in the same way as individuals, have habits. They make it conceivable to accomplish things, however they can likewise be dangerous. Associations aren't families where everybody is progressing in the direction of the same objective. Rather, inside every association there are gatherings of associates and adversaries. One night, the imperfections in the framework turned into very clear. It was amid rush hour that a passenger alarmed ticket agent to a burning tissue at the base of one of the five story lifts. He instantly put it out. However that is whatever he did. 31 individuals died that day, the aftereffect of habit that met expectations, until a blaze ejected. At that point it got to be mindful that nobody individual had extreme obligation regarding traveler security. Four months after the elderly man with the messed up surgery on his brain died at Rhode Island Hospital, an alternate specialist worked on the wrong side of an understanding's head. Year and a half after that, a specialist worked on the wrong piece of a youngster's mouth amid a congenital fissure surgery. Five months after that, a specialist worked on the wrong finger of a patient. Successful leaders realize that an emergency provides for them the most obvious opportunity they'll ever get to roll out noteworthy improvements. As President Obama's previous head of staff, Rahm Emanuel said in 2008 after the monetary meltdown: " You never want a serious crisis to go to waste.”
CHAPTER SEVEN: HOW TARGET KNOWS WHAT YOU WANT BEFORE YOU DO: When Companies Predict (and Manipulate) Habits
To offer another habit, wrap it in something that individuals know and like. It's a dependable fact that organizations stay informed concerning us, what we purchase, when we purchase, even why we purchase. Each time we utilize a reliability card, reclaim a coupon, hand over a Visa, shop on line, call client administration, or round out a study, we're providing for them data. In any case Target has taken it to an entire new level. Purchasers are unwavering. They purchase the same sort of espresso and tooth glue again and again. Anyhow when their experiencing a real life change, for example, marriage, separate, another house, or another employment, they're adept to change. By breaking down what ladies who had needed their child registry were purchasing -unscented moisturizer amidst their pregnancy, washcloths near their conveyance date-Pole had the capacity evaluate which ladies who hadn't joined were pregnant. At the same time ladies don't essentially need outsiders peering inside their womb. Target must be subtle. In their individualized flyers, they sandwiched the coupons for moisturizers and washcloths between coupons for canine sustenance and tennis shoes. It's a variety of the lesson adapted by Target to offer another habit. For this situation activity wrap it in something that individuals know and like, for example, the intuition to end up in a good place where it’s not difficult to make companions.
CHAPTER EIGHT: SADDLEBACK CHURCH AND THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT: How Movements Happen
Every one of us is basically a heap of habits. For example, Rosa Parks was not the first dark individual who declined to surrender her seat to a white individual. At that point why did her refusal start the social equality development? Since it was more than an individual demonstration of rebellion. It was supported by social habits. Social habits are at the base of numerous developments. Development begins on account of the social habits of kinship and the solid ties between close acquaintances. They become on account of the habits of the group, and the powerless ties that hold neighborhoods and gatherings together. They last in light of the fact that members create new habits that make another character and feeling of proprietorship. Rosa Parks was active in many clubs and had companions that had a place with the different monetary and social strata of Montgomery, Alabama. In 1979, Rick Warren was a Baptist minister without a congregation. He needed to begin a gathering for individuals who didn't as of now go to chapel, however he didn't know where it ought to be. He invested months considering statistics records, telephone directories, daily paper articles, and maps. He settled on Saddleback Valley in Orange County, California, the quickest developing district in America. His first petition to God gathering comprised of seven individuals in his lounge. Today, Saddleback Church is one of the biggest on the planet with more than 20,000 worshippers. At the center of his congregation's development and his prosperity is a basic confidence in the force of social habits. Perceiving individuals' requirement for social contact, Warren asked church parts to have and lead little classes in their home. He provided for them an educational program intended to impart Christian habits. Warren put the obligation on the parishioners, which prompts the third part of how social habits drive developments. Thoughts must get to be pushing toward one. That is the thing that happened in Montgomery. Black citizens assumed liability for gathering brutality with peacefulness. They were focused on attaining uniformity. The social equality development spread from Montgomery over the south. In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson marked the Civil Rights Act, which prohibits all types of isolation.
CHAPTER NINE: THE NEUROLOGY OF FREE WILL: Are We Responsible for Our Habits?
Angie Bachmann started to gamble in light of the fact that she was bored. Her kids didn't require her any longer and her days were long and vacant. As an issue treat, she was to the gambling club one day with $40. She lost the cash, however the hours flew by and she felt animated. She got the hang of it and one day won $530, enough to purchase basic needs, pay the telephone bill and have a bit left over. The organization that possessed the gambling club, Harrah's Entertainment, started sending her coupons for free dinners. Gambling was a route for her to diminish the anxiety of elderly folks, an uninvolved spouse, and youngsters who had their lives. When she began to lose, she acquired cash from her guardians. Harrah's provided for her a line of credit. Before long she was setting off to the club consistently. She was touchy when she wasn't there. The high of winning was prompt. The agony of losing passed rapidly. In 2001, she owed Harrah's $20,000. She opted for non-payment. Brian Thomas experienced all his life sleepwalking. The sleepwalking was innocent until one night in 2008, he murdered his wife. In his slumber state, he thought she was a gatecrasher. A slumber authority assessed him and discovered he was the casualty of slumber fear, a primitive habit that requests a fight or flight reaction. Thomas hadn't deliberately perpetrated a wrongdoing, and he was absolved. The brains of obsessive speculators, in the same way as Angie, are unique in relation to those of social card sharks. Obsessive players experience close wins as wins. Social card sharks see them for what they are, misfortunes. That is the reason space machines are customized to supply an unfaltering stream of close wins. By 2006, Angie Bachmann had lost all the cash her guardians had gone out. What's the contrast between Brian Thomas and Angie Bachmann? Both were acting on account of compelling yearnings. Thomas was excused, Bachmann was definitely not. After Harrah's sued her for the cash she owed, she countersued, guaranteeing that by augmenting her credit, they went after a habit they knew she couldn't control. “I honestly believe anyone in my shoes would have done the same things,” she said. Her case went up to the State Supreme Court. The court discovered her guilty.
REVIEW
Reading this book, I enjoyed it greatly because I do not read much on studies and experiments. I’m more of a story type of reader, but this book was a great change of pace. I really like the fact that this book was not mostly science-y because science is a weak subject of mine and that would only make the book confusing for me. This book was mostly about examples and experiments, in a way, were almost like a story. The examples were demonstrates to me how these people where able to change their lives by changing their habits, and the experiments verify to me that it can be done. There were also some scientific studies in this book to that I also enjoyed because it explained what was going on in the brain as these events were occurring. If I was to grade this book, I would grade it an A- because for the reason stated previously and that I felt the book could have been better. I felt as if the examples and studies were speaking the whole book. The author did not presented his own theories or his own studies to the table; it was all done for him. I agree with the ideas in the book because as a young man, I am literally learning how to be successful by controlling my habits, hence benefitting me in the future.