Orchidaceae, the second largest plant family, is the most diverse and highly evolved amongst angiosperms which constitute about 40% of the monocotyledonous taxa. The recent taxonomical studies imply that distinctly named varietal number of orchids fall very close to a total of 19,000 comprising 800 genera and 25,000 species (Lahaye et al., 2008). Orchids mostly comprise of epiphytes whose greatest diversity occurs in tropical and sub-tropical regions. India has a rich heritage of wild orchids in the world. It is estimated that nearly 1,600 species are found in India which constitute approximately 10% of world orchid flora. High humidity and low temperature accompanied by good rainfall makes Assam, Manipur, Western Ghat regions of the country prime hot spots of orchids. Orchids are undoubtedly the ornamentally elite group owing to their perplexing complex floral features with exquisite beauty. The flowers comprise two whorls of petaloid organs termed tepals which encircle the reproductive organs of the plant. Morphological features like the size and shape of the column, presence of appendages, conformation, position and number of the anthers, as well as characteristics of the pollinia and other structures of flowers help us to identify species-specific variations.
Bulbophyllum is the largest genera with 2,000 species, closely followed by Epidendrum with 1,500 species and Dendrobium with 1,400 species. Dendrobium is the third largest genus of orchid family characterized by a broad geographical distribution with tremendous diversity in growth habits. It also exhibits a unique ability to produce a large number of inter-specific floral hybrids possessing high commercial demand. Dendrobium habitat extends from India in the west, to Ja...
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...mpounds in Dendrobium plants include a group of sesquiterpene alkaloids and phenols (Okomoto et al., 1966; Elander et al., 1973; Tang and Eisenbrand, 1992). Moscatilin (Fig. 1) is a bibenzyl phenol derived from Dendrobium species. It is also known as dendrophenol, Phenol, 4-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) ethyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-. In the year 1987, moscatilin was first extracted from Dendrobium moscatum (Mazumdar and Sen, 1987) and it was later isolated from several other species such as Dendrobium loddigesii (Chen et al., 1994), Dendrobium amoenum (Mazumdar et al., 1999), Dendrobium nobile (Miyazawa et al., 1999), Dendrobium densiflorum (Fan et al., 2001), Cymbidium aloifolium (Juneja et al., 1987) and Agrostophyllum khasiyanum (Mazumdar et al., 1996). Studies have proved the anti-cancer activity of moscatilin in stomach and lung cancer cell lines (Ho et al., 2003).
Many variations and species of plants can be found all around the world and in different habitats. These variations and characteristics are due to their adaptations to the natural habitat surrounding them. In three of many climatic zones, the arid, tropical and temperate zone, plants that vary greatly from each other are found in these locations. In this experiment, we’ll be observing the connection between the adaptations of the plants to their environment at the Fullerton Arboretum. The arboretum is a space containing numerous plants from different environments. The plants are carefully looked after and organized into their specific habitat. Therefore, we’ll be able to take a look at the plants within multiple
a) The Daintree rainforest at Cape Tribulation, in far north Queensland is diverse in many ways. It holds 12 of the 19 primitive plant families in the world (Cairns Today, 2007). The forest covers an area of 1100 square kilometres and is approximately eighty kilometres wide. This dense and luxuriant rainforest has the greatest diversity than any other in Australia and many in the world. The Daintree is also the home of rare and threatened of being extinct plant and animal species. The importance of this ecosystem is the very high. This ecosystem contributes to the overall health of this plant in many ways. The diversity contributes in the breakdown of pollution and helps to control the climate to name a few. This rainforest also is a great ‘carbon sink’. It has many photosynthesising plants and this allows the control of carbon dioxide (CO2). The plants take in the CO2 from the atmosphere and return oxygen (O2)
The Steinhardt Conservatory is a $25 million complex holding BBG's extensive indoor collection in realistic environments that simulate a range of global habitats. The Tropical Pavilion, 65 feet high, re-creates a rain forest complete with a waterfall and streams. Flora from the Amazon Basin, African Rain Forest, and tropical eastern Asia thrive here. The Helen Mattin Warm Temperate Pavilion houses plants from central China, the Mediterranean, Australasia, southern Africa, and the western U.
diversified after the rise of flowering plants. More than 12,500 of an estimated total of
Pat Willmer, Pollination and Floral Ecology (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2011), 536.Dressler, L. Robert. The Orchids: Natural History and Classification. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1981.
As a result of these factors, the flora has adapted to these conditions in a variety of ways including their shape, leaf type, root system, and color. One of the most prominent adapt...
Dandelions, known to the botanist as Taraxacum officinale, are classified in the Composite (Compositae) family of flowering plants. The genus name, Taraxacum is derived from the Persian word for "bitter herb," (Myer, 1994). Accompanying the golden ruse of the dandelion are the daisies, aster, sunflowers, goldenrod, Joe Pye weed and many other wildflowers.
Orchids are the most common plant in the Amazon. There about 25,000 to 30,000 species of Orchids. Orchids can live in every continent except antarctica and the arctic because its too cold for the Orchids in the antarctic and the arctic. Some Orchids grow bigger than a dinner plate that you eat off of. Orchids scientific name is Orchidaceae. Dactylorhiza fuchsii are the most common species of all Orchids. There are no known poisonous Orchids but since there are so many species that is virtually impossible to test all of them. Since Orchids are very common i don’t know...
Prasad, V., Strömberg, C. A. E., Leache, A. D., Samant, B., Patnaik, R., Tang, L., ... & Sahni, A. (2011). Late Cretaceous origin of the rice tribe provides evidence for early diversification in Poaceae. Nature communications, 2, 480.
Abe Kōbō had a method with his stories and plays, that captivated his audiences through the complexities of his plots as well as the obscure meanings within them. His use of suspense and charm help keep his audience on their toes, while his disjointed plots help guide the readers to emotions and thoughts that are outside of the normal spectrum of ideas. This approach of evoking powerful emotions such as fear and confusion through a literary standpoint can have a strong impact on the reader. This impact is seen through the significance of the protagonist turning into a plant in the story, "Dendrocacalia" by Abe Kōbō. The assessment made by Christopher Bolton in his essay “Transforming Science” (pg 29-34), suggest that Abe’s work is strictly
Scientific name -Kingdom-Plantea, Phylum- Tracheophyta, Class- Angiospermae, Order- Asterales, Family- Asteraceca, Genus- Taraxacum, Species- officialeDescription - The Taraxacum officiale is a perennial herb that grows from two to eighteen inches tall they are a stem less plant and all parts of the plant contain a milky juice. The leaves are an olive or a dull yellowish color, and smooth with ridged edges where it got its common name, dandelion from the French words "dent de lion" which means lions tooth. The stalks are simple smooth, brittle and hollow. The flowers are one and a half-inch wide and a golden yellow color. The flower blooms from April to August, from 6am to 8pm. They have taproots that can grow up to three feet long in soft soil. There are about 150 to 200 flowerets that are strap shaped that make up the flower.Habitat - Their habitat is in the Northern Temperate Zones located in Europe and Asia. Then the colonists from Europe brought in to America. The plant usually grows lawns.Life cycle - The life cycle of the dandelion is when the adult is mature enough the flowerets turn into seeds with a fluff on it. This fluff enables the seed to be picked up the wind to carry it away from the parent plant.Importance - The dandelion has many little known uses to people. Like the roots are bitter, but they can be boiled put into salads when they are young, or they can be used as potherbs. The roots can be roasted and used as a substitute for coffee. The milky juice is used in some tonics for disorders in the digestive system and the liver. The flower stalks can be yields some rubber in the form of threads.
Zarucchi, J.L. 1993. Fabaceae. In: L. Brako & J.L. Zarucchi (eds.). Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, vol. 45: Fabaceae pp. 444-527.
Acacia is abundant in savannas and arid regions of India, Australia, Africa and America. Many species of Acacias are exceedingly robust and grow under the most severe conditions. Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of flowering plant. It is commonly known as legume family, pea family, bean family and pulse family. Fabaceae is third largest family of flowering plants behind Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, with 730 genera and over 19400 species according to Royal Botanical Gardens and Acacia with 900 species.
Land use types under perennial crops generally exhibit more species diversity than lands under annual crops. Coffee plots have the highest species diversity than Khat and eucalyptus perhaps due to the shade trees in the coffee farms. The expansion of Khat and eucalyptus may lead to a reduction in biodiversity in the areas where these crops compete with each other (Taye, Hylanderb, Sileshi. 2017).
Seagrass is on the decline around the world and it is an extremely vital marine ecosystem found in shallow water mainly distributed throughout tropical seas, from a temperature around 4oC to 24oC (Green and Short 2003). They are the only true flowering plant (angiosperm) to live in aquatic conditions providing support and shelter for vast amounts of species (Orth et al. 2006; Jackson et al. 2001). They are a marine aquatic plant and a keystone species for many coastal areas found all over the world (Libralato, Christensen and Pauly 2006). Although there is not a huge variety of species, there are only around 60 species globally and over 14% of them are endangered (Green and Short 2003; Orth et al. 2006). The different seagrass ecosystems perform relatively similarly throughout the varying species (Turner and Schwarz 2006). This study will examine the various importances of seagrass and to what extent they are vital for the survival of species within their ecosystem. In addition to this, the role of seagrass in important ecosystem processes will be examined. The abundance of coastal regions are closely linked with seagrasses as they greatly contribute to productivity. Seagrass meadows are highly productive and are ideal for nurseries and providing a relatively safe habitat and shelter from predators (Hughes et al. (2008).