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Children's depression evaluation
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(4) Children’s Depression Inventory – CDI2 (Kovacs, 2011). The CDI2 is the latest update to the original CDI. It assesses depression in children aged 7 to 17. Internal consistency of the CDI was .86 in the normative sample. Alpha reliability statistics reported by other researchers are typically equal to or greater than .80, with no values reported lower than .70 (Kovacs,
The Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS-2) is a revision of the Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS) created by Cecil Reynolds and Bert Richmond in 1985 (Reynolds & Richmond, 2008). The RCMAS-2 includes an updated standardization sample, improved psychometrics, and broadened content (Reynolds & Richmond, 2008). Although these revisions occurred, the brevity, elementary reading level, and content-based item clusters were retained, offering an updated and effective tool for understanding and treating anxiety in school-aged children (Reynolds & Richmond, 2008).
The MACI consists of a 160-item inventory, provided in the English and Spanish language, with a combination of the 27 subscales. The intention of the inventory is to provide counselors and other healthcare or school professional with information to assist in diagnosis and treatment planning for personality disorders in adolescent (Millon & Davis, 1993). The inventory consists of true or false questions; given that this inventory is shorter compared to other personality assessment, it only takes about 20-30 minutes to complete. Millon’s MACI inventory provides convenient and cost-effective methods for scoring the inventory, which include Q-global web-based scoring, Q-Local software-based scoring, and mail-in scoring. Since the MACI is tailored toward adolescents ranging in ages from 13-19, participants must have a minimum of a sixth grade reading level in order to
The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is the latest version of one of the most extensively used assessments of depression that utilizes a self-report method to measure depression severity in individuals aged thirteen and older (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996). The BDI-II proves to be an effective measure of depression as evidenced by its prevalent use in both clinical and counseling settings, as well as its use in studies of psychotherapy and antidepressant treatment (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996). Even though the BDI-II is meant to be administered individually, the test administration time is only 5 to 10 minutes and Beck, Steer & Brown (1996) remark that the interpretive guidelines presented in the test manual are straightforward, making the 21 item Likert-type measure an enticing option to measure depression in appropriate educational settings. However it is important to remember that even though the BDI-II may be easy to administer and interpret, doing so should be left to highly trained individuals who plan to use the results in correlation with other assessments and client specific data when diagnosing a client with depression. An additional consideration is the response bias that can occur in any self-report instrument; Beck, Steer & Brown (1996, pg. 1) posit that clinicians are often “faced with clients who alter their presentation to forward a personal agenda that may not be shared.” This serves as an additional reminder that self-report assessments should not be the only assessment used in the diagnoses process.
Williamson, J. S. (2008). Depression. Phi Kappa Phi Forum, 88(1), 18-18, 24. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.library.capella.edu/docview/235187495?accountid=27965
The Beck Youth Inventory Test was developed in 2001 by Judith Beck, Aaron Beck, John Jolly, and Robert Steer. The purpose of this psychological testing tool is a brief self-report to measure the distress in children and adolescents (Flanagan & Henington, 2005). The Beck Youth Inventory includes using five self-administered scales. The five tests include the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Anger Inventory, Beck Disruptive Inventory, and the Beck Self-Concept Inventory. These tests can be administered individually or in combination to the youth. The intended population for this test is ages 7-14 years (Flanagan & Henington, 2005). This test is used to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, disruptive behavior, and self esteem (Beck, 2001).
Teenage Depression. Everywhere you look these two words appear together as one, in newspapers and magazines, as well as in scholarly reports. Teenage depression is one of today's "hot topics" this among other teenage mental health problems, has been brought to the forefront of public consciousness in recent years after several incidents involving school shootings (CQ 595). The environment that teens grow up in today is less supportive and more demanding than it was twenty years ago. Not only are the numbers of depressed teens rising, but children are also being diagnosed at younger and younger ages. Studies have found that, "There is an estimated 1.5-3 million American children and adolescents who suffer from depression, a condition unrecognized in children until about 20 years ago" (CQR 595). This increase in depression is due to social factors that teenagers have to deal with everyday. A recent study found that, "About five percent of teenagers have major depression at any one time. Depression can be very impairing, not only for the affected teen, but also for his or her family-and too often, if not addressed, depression can lead to substance abuse or more tragic events" (NAMI.org). Gender roles and other societal factors including the pressures on girls to look and act a certain way, the pressures on boys to suppress their emotions and put on a tough front and the pressures on both sexes to do well in school and succeed, all contribute to depression in teens today. Depression is a growing problem which crosses gender lines and one that needs to be dealt with with more than just medication.
For the sake of this assignment I will have to use the term “client” very loosely for this population. One interaction I can think of is with D.B. an 8 year-old girl who has been diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). ODD as described in our text, is characterized by a pattern of defiant, hostile, and negativistic behaviors (Lambert, 2005; AACAP, 2009). For D.B, she would often display behaviors towards others that were vindictive and spiteful in nature, she would through temper tantrums at a drop of a dime, frequently act out inappropriately by deliberately doing things that annoy others and persistently test limits, as well as be hypersensitive or touchy in regards to others feedback to her. Her behaviors have disrupted her performance day-to-day functioning in various contexts, specifically in her home environment, interacting socially with peers when playing, and in an educational setting.
Depression is defined as feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness that accumulate over time. There are seven psychological perspectives: neuroscience, evolutionary, behavioral genetics, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and social-cultural. These seven psychological perspectives can be combined or used independently to form a better understanding of depression.
Describe the characteristics of children who are at risk for suicide. Include the statistics related to children and suicide and gender differences.
Children grow, and develop at different rates, however most pass through developmental milestones during a predictable period, in order to move forward with developmental stages. Starting from birth babies are learning who they are everyday through interactions with others. From birth until death the interactions a person has with others can affect permanent everyday behaviors. Babies learn through love and guidance. “Loving relationships give infants and young children a sense of comfort, safety, confidence, and encouragement.” (Benorach, MD, 11). Thus help children develop trust, empathy, compassion, and a sense of right and wrong. Newborns are completely dependent on adults for their basic needs, and although unable to directly communicate newborns are able to express their needs through crying. “At six weeks old a baby learns to smile, by smiling the baby is able to signal that he/she wants to interact or play with you” (Berger,2013).
Simpson, C. (2007) ‘Mental Health part3: Assessment and Treatment of Depression’ British Journal of Healthcare assistants. pp 167-171.
Children are a crucial part of society. They participate in almost all aspects of a society whether it is in schools, community activities, or in the workforce. However, not all children develop the same skills and are granted the same opportunities as others because of a mental illness. Mental illnesses are as serious as physical illnesses and they negatively affect a child’s life. There are a variety of mental illnesses children may have with different levels of severity; mental illnesses hinder childhood development, and they affect a child’s social and home life.
for that reason. Children tend to express their sadness by behavioral changes, poor Recognizing the symptoms and early signs of childhood depression, seeking diagnosis and treatment and learning to live with and accept the disorder and still live for yourself are all important steps for knowledgeable parents.
A family of five including a father Tom, mother Fran, two sons Arthur 9 and Collin 2, and daughter Jennifer 4 was court ordered to attend therapy from the result on charges of child neglect. The family charges were based on inappropriate living environment and resulted to temporary losing custody on Arthur and Jennifer, however Collin remain in protected custody from the results of illness. After the return of Arthur and Jennifer, the children have displayed defiant behavior including constantly fighting each other and arguing. Their behavior is the results of an attempt to gain attention of their parents after living with strangers. The temporary disconnection with their family has resulted in a disruption in self-control and social skills.
and have no social skills. At this time of a child’s life in when everything in their brain and mind is developing and they are learning from what they see and seeing their mother the way she is, takes a big toll. It makes children more vulnerable to frustration, anxiety and emotional issues. Now if both parents are suffering from depression, children are now even at higher risks for problems and symptoms don’t always show up right away it could take a few years to see some changes and problems occurring with your child. Later in life your child can be in lower levels of education, elementary all the way to college. Also maybe gain mental and physical disorders. IQ levels can be low, drug-use and alcoholism, and also ADHD in teens. If