Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as an umbrella term for a group of non-progressive syndromes characterized by motor impairment and various muscle movement patterns that arise from a brain injury or malformation during a child’s early developmental stages (Sankar & Mundkur, 2005). If a child is suspected to have CP, a careful identification process and the use of several evaluation measures are crucial due to the wide range of motor impairments, muscle movement patterns, and levels of severity that exist for individuals with CP. Accurate identification of the type of CP, the primary characteristics, and associated conditions that an individual may present with, are critical when considering the selection of the type of service delivery …show more content…
Based on studies conducted through the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring CP Network, CP was reported more amongst boys than girls and more amongst African American children versus Caucasian and Hispanic children (Bhasin et al., 2006). Other populations that are reported to have an increased risk of CP are the children of mothers that show signs of infection in the placental membranes or have maternal genitourinary infection (Russman et al., …show more content…
Studies conducted by the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, found that 60% of children with CP also have another developmental disability (Bhasin et al., 2006). Almost half (41%) of children with CP have co-occurring epilepsy and is reported most frequently in children with limited to no mobility (Bhasin et al., 2006). Co-occurring developmental disabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are reported in about 7% of children with CP (Bhasin et al., 2006). Co-occurring ASD is most frequently reported with children with hypotonic CP. Over 40% of children with CP also have a co-occurring cognitive impairments and more than 15% have a vision impairment (Christensen et al., 2012). Other associative conditions and co-mitigating factors include hearing impairment, psychological disorders, speech impairments, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and
Sankar, C; Mandkur, N. (2005). Cerebral Palsy-Definition, Classification, Etiology and Early Diagnosis. Symposium on Developmental and Behavioural Disorders. 72 (10), 865-868.
Many people have heard the term cerebral palsy and may have a personal perception about the appearance and effects of this
Once proper examination has been performed and the cause of problem has been identified, this neuromuscular disorder can be easy to
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a condition marked by impaired muscle coordination and other disabilities, which causes damage to the brain before and during birth. Cerebral palsy is a static disorder of the brain, not a progressive disorder. This mean that the disorder or disease process will not get worse as time goes on. Nor are the motor disorders associated with cerebral palsy temporary. (Miller and Bachrach pg. 3) Cerebral Palsy affects the nervous system by having dysfunctions, in movements such as, learning, hearing, seeing, and thinking. During the first 3 to 5 years of a child's life Cerebral Palsy occur because the baby's brain is still developing. (CP is one of the most common congenital (existing before birth or at birth) disorders of childhood). Spastic, athetoid, ataxic and dystonic are all different types of Cerebral Palsy. Majority of circumstances with children having CP are unknown, then again numerous results show problems during pregnancy in which the brain is damaged or doesn't develop normally. “This can be due to infections, maternal health problems, a genetic disorder, or something else that interferes with normal brain development.” Cerebral palsy is also caused by injuries and abnormalities of the brain; as the baby grows in the womb these problems occur. Some causes may lead to problems with brain development which include:
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is group of muscles that do not develop correctly. Cerebral Palsy can be the results of an accident or the nervous system not functioning properly. Learning, hearing, seeing, walking, and thinking can be affected by this disability. Most of the time Cerebral Palsy takes place during or after a mother gives birth but it can, also take place after a car accident Cerebral Palsy is a disability that has many different effects on people. A person can have CP and their hearing can be affected, but it does not affect anything else. While Cerebral Palsy can affect another person’s legs and sight. These affects are when a few muscles do not develop the they t way should therefore two people can have the same disability but have
Morgan, A M, and J C Aldag. "Early Identification Of Cerebral Palsy Using A Profile Of
Researching on perinatal and neonatal risk factors for autism, Gardener suggested that boys are more vulnerable to a variety of prenatal insults (e.g., infection, malnutrition, stress) and for some reason they might be more prone to genetic mutations leading to autism (Goldman, 2013).
Figure 1 shows the variants of autism spectrum disorders. In many cases children are either diagnosed with either Autism or PDD-NOS (Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified). Statistics from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identify around 1 in 88 American children are diagnosed with autism, additionally exhibiting that autism is four to five times more prevalent among boys than girls. Regime autism statistics suggest that prevalence rates have incremented 10 to 17 percent annually in recent years. ...
Further, a recent research study in Minneapolis revealed similar rates of ASD in some communities such as White (1 in 36) and Somali (1in 32), other racial ethnic groups such as Asian, Native American, and Hispanic were identified at extremely low rates (Hewitt et al, 2013). The ongoing rise of developmental delays and other neurodevelopmental disabilities highlight a significant need for ongoing developmental screening, early diagnosis, and timely early intervention services and supports in culturally and linguistically communities.
The neurological disorder is generally diagnosed in children aged between six and twelve years, the condition affecting boys three times more often than girls (Hamilton, 2002; Gardner, 2008). Despite the fact that DCD affects roughly 6.4 percent of children, few individuals are familiar with the condition (Hamilton, 2002). In fact, a study by Kirby, Davies, & Bryant (2005) revealed that only 54.3% of teachers and 26.7% of general practitioners could accurately define DCD (p. 124). In response, the condition will be briefly outlined here.
“Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how someone communicates with, and relates to other people. Autism also affects how a person makes sense of the world around them ”(autism.org). People wonder the causes of this disability, but what they do not know is there has not been an official cause yet determined! Although there hasn’t been an official cause of autism, there are a lot of theories people believe cause autism. One of the main theories is what pills or vitamins women take during their pregnancy. During pregnancy women have to be very careful on what antibiotics or vitamins they take. Sometimes the child can be affected by the pill which leads to problems during birth. “Another major theory is exposure to chemical pollutants, metals, pesticides, etc.” (webmd.). These substances contain a lot of poisons, chemicals, or bacteria that are very dangerous for a fetus to be exposed too. This is why people say pregnant women should just stay away from places where these substances are. But the main theory that many people think causes autism is vaccines. Although vaccines are supposed to prevent disease, people think there is a chemical in them which causes autism, but this theory is false! The cause of autism has not yet been fully determined, but it is not caused by vaccines; it is usually caused by genetics, metabolic or neurological factors, or lastly problems that occurred during birth.
Cerebral palsy is a brain injury that significantly impacts a patient’s fine and gross motor skills and use of limbs. Cerebral palsy may also influence a patient’s intellectual capacity as well. There are a wide range of outcomes in patients with cerebral palsy but upon diagnosis, some parents recognise that the cause may have been due to negligence. If so, a reputable attorney can provide the necessary assistance needed to file a claim.
Kerr, C.; McDowell, B.; McDonough, S. Child The relationship between gross motor function and participation restriction in children with cerebral palsy: an exploratory analysis (2006) vol 33,
The term Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) refers a group of disorders that pertain to one’s communication, social, and developmental skills. Symptoms can be detected as early as infancy, as some cases are identified before the age of three. Children or toddlers with PDD may show difficulty relating to others and often have trouble using and understanding language. In addition, they may have unusual behavior patterns and demonstrate resistance during a change in their routine. PDD is a general category that includes Autism, Asperger’s Syndrome, Rett Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and PDD-NOS. These disorders exhibit a range of patterns and characteristics, proving that no child is the same. While one child may be high-functioning, another may completely lack language skills.
In 2004 McAdam et al considered pica in people with developmental disabilities , and ways to deal with this. The authors were aware that the eating of non-food items is common in those with developmental disabilities, and aware also of the dangers involved. They specifically mention damage to the gastro-intestinal tract, by blocking it, or even puncturing or tearing it. In some case the form pica takes is to eat dirt and this could result in infestation by parasites. The researchers felt that pica could interfere with a person’s quality of life, as well as their learning and ability to carry out tasks.