Central Dogma Research Paper

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Recommended: The role of mendels laws

Tiarrah Marsh
Dr. Wagner
BIOL 321
November 1, 2017
Genetics: Final Written Exam Part One
The Central Dogma is a theory in genetics that was created by Francis Crick in 1958, which allowed scientists to understand genetics at a molecular level. According to the theory, DNA information is coded during DNA replication and undergoes a transfer to messenger RNAs during transcription, which then acts as a template for protein synthesis during translation in order to become a polypeptide. The process begins with DNA replication allowing information to be passed along from cell to cell. Then transcription follows, allowing for the copying of a gene resulting in a synthesized RNA copy. The first resulting copy of this is a messenger RNA (mRNA). The …show more content…

The relationship between genes, alleles, chromosomes, genomes, and traits using the Central Dogma as an understanding is they all begin at the molecular level and are a part of DNA. Genes are a small section of DNA, chromosomes are made from long molecules of DNA, a genome is a complete set of DNA, and alleles are multiple forms of a gene. Dominant alleles at a molecular level can be explained through the inheritance of a gene. When a gene is inherited, it is accompanied with two alleles, one from the father, the other from the mother, and is located on a specific locus on the chromosome. These alleles are expressed through transcription and translation based on the Central Dogma, and the dominant allele is either present in a homozygous (AA) or heterozygous (Aa) fashion. Dominant and recessive alleles are related at the organismal level as the phenotype based off of the expression of the …show more content…

Mendel created two laws, the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment. The Law of Segregation states "The two copies of a gene segregate (or separate) from each other during transmission from parent to offspring." This law relates to phenotype and the genotype through the separation of genes at a molecular level. The copies of the genes are segregated and passed from the parental generation to their offspring. The Law of Independent Assortment states, "Two different genes randomly assort their alleles during the formation of haploid cells." This law relates to genotype and phenotype by means of a random assortment of alleles, at the molecular level in the formation of haploid

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