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Literature review on performance management systems
Literature review on performance management systems
The importance of performance management systems in organizations
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Yahoo! Inc. is like Apple, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft, one of the largest IT companies in the United States. The company is located in Silicon Valley, California and was founded in 1994 by two former Stanford students pursuing their PhD, called Jerry Yang and David Filo. Since then, the company has managed to shape the world. Its mission is to help users find what they’re looking for on all devices. Indeed, it has managed to transform the company into a conglomerate of the internet, owning plenty of different websites, ranging from weather websites to calendar sites. In 2013 the 12,200 employee-strong firm managed to earn a revenue of USD 4.68 billion, with a net operating income of USD 590 million. However, due to strong competition …show more content…
She has one goal: bring the company back on track. Hence, she started various changes to the firm, and also to the management performance system, which will be deeply reviewed in this research. http://www.statista.com/statistics/266253/yahoos-annual-gaap-revenue/ 2 Review (600 to 660) Before Marissa Mayer arrived, the firm’s culture had been described as “toxic” due to a screwed up board dictating decisions from the top to the lower levels of the organisation. The employment rankings were low and have however reached a significant high. Marissa Mayer implemented various changes, especially in relation to a performance appraisal system and the rewards strategy. Write more about this one: http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericjackson/2012/09/10/yahoos-culture-problem-its-already-fixed/ 2.1 Performance Management/Appraisal System (300) – 428 …show more content…
The first one describes a person’s physiological basic needs. In this case, it would be an appropriate salary. Relatedness needs on the other hand relates to an individual’s tendency to strive for recognition by its peers. Growth needs on the other hand are the person’s aspiration to advance and excel in a certain field. Managers of Yahoo! need to understand that especially the first two needs must be fulfilled at the same time so employees are able to focus on personal growth, which will then improve overall productivity. Daniel Pink (…) believes that certain incentives only work if the nature of the task is equivalent. For instance, some kind of incentives won’t work in case the task requires creativity (Entrepreneur Launch Pad, 2013). Dan Ariely and Sam Glucksberg argue that tasks that require creativity, autonomy, and speed, should not solely focus on a higher pay, but also on autonomy, desire to improve as well as desire to do something that is important, which can be classified as intangible incentives.
CEO Johnston also has plans to bolster the company’s leadership with the best minds available and also use motivational techniques to invigorate his employees. These ideas show the character of the CEO in enhancing productivity from his work force.
The Goal is a book that focuses on the theory of constraints in order to improve production. Eliyahu Goldratt brings us a pleasant story that shows the important strategies that any manager or CEO should follow to be successfully productive, and capable of reaching their goals. The book easily explains and demonstrates many attainable ways for any human being to learn how to manage their industrial relations, business processes, and also, their personal lives.
Deficiency needs are the first four tiers of his hierarchy which are the most essential needs that the majority of people are able to obtain at some point in their lives unless their living environment prevents it (Winston, 2016). The being needs include self-actualization and self-transcendence these are needs that people look to as they begin to explore the meaning of their lives when it comes to potential or the bigger picture (Winston, 2016). As Winston (2016) points out deficiency needs are the needs people are driven to while being needs individuals are drawn to. The individualist cultures are more attuned to the processes of fulfilling the being needs because the focus of the culture is on the self (Winston, 2016). Conversely the collectivist and community oriented societies seem to be focused on the deficiency needs (Winston,
According with Maslow, all human being do have the same innate needs that active and drive their behaviors. These needs were organized from stronger to weaker in a pyramid known as hierarchy of needs, where the stronger need should be meet before people can have the need to accomplish the weaker one. Moreover, people can go back to the first need at any point of their life. The first two need are known as deficit needs or biological needs because without them people create a deficit in their body. The last three one are known as growth or psychological needs and are not essential for human survival.
“Relatedness affects individuals' motivation and behavior by way of positive influences on other self-processes relevant to achievement motivation” (Dawson, M., Martin, A., p.330). This shows a positive relationship between feeling connected to others and determination to accomplish goals. Similarly, a positive relationship between managers and their employees can help employees to develop self-determination that can ultimately lead them to complete their tasks.
The credible version of hierarchy of needs of Maslow (1943, 1954), have five motivational levels that are arranged in a pyramid with depicted levels. The stages are divided in basic needs which include, psychological, love, safety, and esteem. These needs are also primary of deficiency needs. The other needs are growth needs which incorporate self-actualization needs. When basic needs are not met, they are said to motivate people. The strength of the desire of such needs depends with the time in which they are denied. For example, the more a person lacks food, the hungrier that person becomes. Basic needs must be satisfied before a person proceeds to satisfy other needs in the higher levels. When basic needs are satisfied reasonably, the person can now strive at achieving the self-actualization level, which is the highest level.
The hierarchy of needs is frequently represented in the shape of a pyramid and is broken up into 5 separate stages with the main, most important levels of necessities at the bottom and the need for self-actualization
The first concept of needs is physiological needs. Man’s needs are to have the ability to be organize . The best way to be organize is hierarchy. At the lowest level , it is important for person to have pre-eminent. A person at the lower levels needs to provide a shelter and food . Another need to that needs to fulfill is safety needs. A man’s need to feel safe from danger, threat , and deprivation. In organization , employees needs to feel safe from discrimination and unpredictable administration . Social needs is another aspect a person need in business. A person needs to belong by accept from their co-workers, and management. It is also important for manager to motivate their employees . Ego needs are important as well. It is important for employee to have high self -confidence and self -esteem . Employees needs to have self-fulfillment ( when a person discovered potential). It is important for person be motivate because they will have confidence to complete
withstanding a large recession, and commanding high market share. In the last five years, the company’s
In 1943, a paper called A Theory of Human Motivation was published by the U.S. psychologist Abraham Maslow, in which he argued that people had five types of needs coming in a specific order (Kremer and Hammond, 2013). These five human essential needs are physical needs, safety needs, social needs such as belonging and love, esteem and self-actualization. The specific order arranged these needs in a pyramid which Maslow called the hierarchy of needs. At the bottom of the pyramid are basic needs, physical needs, while needs of self-actualization are at the top. According to Sadri and Clarke Bowen (2011), for the purpose of progressing to the higher level, an individual has to satisfy each need. With the great reform and opening, there is an increasingly
Each higher order of motivational need is built upon a more basic need. After physiological and safety needs are met then the individual looks to belong and be accepted by peers and groups that they identify with. Once accepted, one looks to improve their self-esteem and garner the respect and esteem of their peers and the groups to which they belong. Finally an individual is driven by the need to become self-actualized, becoming all that one has the potential of becoming.
Performance management is a management tool used to value, monitor and measure a company’s strategies that ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of its product delivery. This management tool does not focus on the organisation and on its employees as well as stakeholders. It is a continuous process that entails that managers make sure that organisational and employee values are corresponding (Aguinis, 2005,p.1/2-1/5). Performance Management brings about the competencies in the employees, increases self-esteem by giving feedback to employees, there is a low number of lawsuits because it helps understand the company better (eThekwini Municipality, 2008,p.10-11). According to Pride, Hughes and Kapoor (2011, p.288) performance management creates motivation for employees; one theory of motivation is of Expectancy, which stipulates that employees satisfaction is driven by expectations of what an organisation will offer in return.
Organization is a group of people brought to gather to achieve specific goals. Goals can be achieved if team member are performing well. Performance is the results of activities given to the employees in an organization to be achieved within specific period of time. Evaluating the current performance of employees against past performances and organizational standards is known as Performance Appraisal (Dessler, 2005). Furthermore performance appraisal helps the company know how individual employees are performing and how to improve their performance thus improving the performance of the company (Grubb, 2007). A performance appraisal is propose in which the performance management system in an organizations set work goals, determine performance standards, provide performance feedback, determine training and development needs and distribute rewards as well as evaluating an employee’s job performance during a period of time. The performance of team member is much more than appraising individuals’ works, it is managing the business, so the performance of an employee is influences by the performance of an organization. It is target to achieve the best results for the planned strategic by managing activities of employees. There are many different opinions on the performance appraisals, some organizations do performance appraisals without any aim just follow others., where some organizations do performance appraisals to make sure they have a record of a piece of paper in the employee’s file – they are careless about do corrective action. But successful organizations understand the importance of combining performance appraisals into their performance management process and strategy plan as the success of any organizatio...
The first need theory is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory. Grensing-Pophal (2002) stated that Maslow developed five levels that describe the needs of a person. The first level is physiological comforts. These are the basic survival needs of a person, such as food, water and shelter. The second level is safety needs. Ramlall (2004) further described these safety needs in three areas: economic (such as wages and benefits), psychological (such as work stability), and physical (such as physical work environment and breaks). The third level is social fulfillment needs (Grensing-Pophal 2002). These needs deal with friendship and interacting with other people. The fourth level is satisfaction of the ego. These needs focus on being respected, self-esteem, and recognition. The final le...
Performance management is a continuous process that creates a working culture to encourage employees to improve their work performance and reach their full potential during their stay of employment. Performance Management also provides strategic direction, develop competency in employees and instill organization value. This paper will identify methods and affects that performance management plan has on the organization and their employees.