CAR BODY-IN-WHITE
N.A.Z. Abdullaha, M.S. Mohd Sanib
ª Noor Am Zura Abdullah,Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia bSecond affiliation, Address, City and Postcode, Country
1. What is body in white (BIW)?
An automobile's structural performance is determined by the performance of its body, usually referred to as the "body in white' or BIW. The BIW is a steel (or aluminum or composite) shell structure composed of a series of stressed panels fixed together. It supports all the other vehicle components, such as closures (doors, hood, deck lid), trim (seats, instrument panel), power train (engine transmission), and chassis (suspension, wheels) [1]. In definite definition according to Morello [2], BIW refers to the stage in automotive design or automobile manufacturing in which a car body's sheet metal components have been welded together but before moving parts (doors, hoods, and deck lids as well as fenders) the motor, chassis sub-assemblies, or trim (glass, seats, upholstery, electronics, etc.) have been added and before painting.
2. BIW Structural Performance According to Melcher and Hough [1], BIW structural performance often is judged by
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A statically stiff vehicle is desirable as it will be more durable and less prone to squeaks. Dynamic stiffness refers to the vehicle’s vibration characteristics. It affects the occupants’ perception of the vehicle’s noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). Crashworthiness is the term used to measure a vehicle’s performance under impact conditions. A good design will be neither too strong (in which case the occupant would undergo very high acceleration) nor too weak (in which case the vehicle would absorb too little energy and not protect the occupant compartment from deformation). On the other hand, in term of mass, low mass is desirable for performance (acceleration and handling), fuel economy, and material
scientific experiments (Go welding: history of welding 1). Conventional welding is most easily explained as arc welding processes. Some arc welding processes are TIG welding, Stick Welding(SMAW), and MIG welding. TIG stands for Tungsten Inert Gas welding this means that using tungsten as a electrode and an inert gas, which is usually argon, the weld is produced by creating an arc between the piece being welded and the tungsten electrode. SMAW or stick welding utilizes a stick electrode held in a clamp surrounded by a powdered substance to weld. Mig welding uses a machine that holds a wire feeder within it, the wire feeder feeds the wire electrode through a tube to a gun that slowly sends out the wire as well as a steady flow of inert gas. These and other processes classified as conventional welding processes are the best processes for welding jobs because they are more cost effective, more...
One unique feature was the decision to use a front subframe isolated with rubber 'biscuits" in combination with the unit body construction of the rest of the car, a technique that had been used on several Europeancars, including many Mercedes-Benz models. This combined the best of both worlds-a larger interior and more luggage space than was possible with a traditional frame and at the same time a quieter, smoother ride than a full uni-body car delivered.
Since the invention of the automobile, there have been many great innovations within the industry. The suspension of the automobile serves as a good example of one of those innovations. Could you imagine riding around in your brand new Nissan Skyline GT-R, with the same suspension methods used to stabilize old horse and carriage buggies centuries ago? That would not serve its purpose very well. Due to the demands of society, vehicle stabilization became a priority to increase safety. Throughout the years, there have been different variations of vehicle suspension systems. For example, we have adaptive air, solid axle, and dead axle suspensions. Without the advancements made in the way we travel and transport goods, civilization could not prosper the way it has.
As a European immigrant in the USA, I have encountered many new cultural phenomena in the last 4 _ years that have challenged me to perceive who I am differently. This experience has been even more polarized by the fact that I have lived most of that time in Los Angeles, a melting pot to be reckoned with. Coming to America, I expected these adaptations to my Irish self but the intensity of becoming cognizant of my label of 'whiteness' has mocked the limitations of my anticipations.
In her article "Representing Whiteness in the Black Imagination" bell hooks argues that the distance between the white and black races created a tense relationship between the two. This tension caused a multitude of problems that are still present today including systems of domination, stereotypes of one another, white naivety of their privilege and fear of white individuals. Similarly, Ruth Frankenberg 's article "White Women, Race Matters" discuss these issues but from the perspective of a white feminist. Many of the same points can be connected to hooks ' arguments because the main aspects with races focus on the idea that whiteness is a perspective in which we see ourselves, others and society and also that whiteness continues to remain
While designing a particular vehicle of a particular class, there are some atributes and protocols to be followed. Because the designing and the procedures change from car to car.
Sunday night, August 18, 2016, at 2 a.m. in the morning, the world lost such a beautiful being to Heroin. She was found on her bathroom floor with OxyContin and a needle in her arm. Andrea White was just 17 years old. Her mother and father were fairly wealthy and said they believed she had a good life. Her parents replenished her walk of life with anything she could’ve wanted. Her father, John White was the mayor of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and her mom, a lawyer working for the residents of A1A. Andrea was a schoolgirl who had good grades, was the captain of the cheer squad at her local school (not naming for personal issues), and valedictorian of her class. She did not have
Whiteness is a term that has been discussed throughout history and through scholarly authors. Whiteness is defined in many ways, according to Kress “pervasive non- presence, its invisibility. Whiteness seems at times to be everywhere and nowhere, even present throughout U.S history, and yest having no definable history of its own. Whiteness as a historically rooted cultural practice is then enacted on the unconscious level. Knowledge the is created from the vantage point of Whiteness thus transforms into “common sense,” while practices or behaviors that are enacted based on the unspoken norms of Whiteness become the only acceptable way of being” (Kress, 2008, pg 43). This definition for example, whiteness has become into hegemony. I define it as racial ideologies that have been established throughout history. Which has formed racial segregation between white and non-whites, and has led to discrimination and injustice. White privilege has also been a factor in whiteness; it’s the privilege that white color people get better benefits
The average driver doesn’t think about what keeps their car moving or what keeps them on the road, but that’s because they don’t have to. The average driver doesn’t have to worry about having enough downforce to keep them on the road or if they will reach the adhesive limit of their car’s tires around a turn. These are the things are the car designers, professional drivers, racing pit crews, serious sports car owners, and physicist think about. Physics are an important part of every sports and racing car design. The stylish curves and ground effects on sports cars are usually there not just for form but function as well allowing you to go speeds over 140 mph in most serious sports cars and remain on the road and in reasonable control.
Automobile accidents happen all around us. We see cars in the middle of the road after just rear ending each other. We see cars driving around town with big dents in them. Do you ever stop to wonder how car accidents happen? Physics; that’s how they happen. There are several aspects of physics that apply to automobile accidents.
Essay 1: WRITE A COHERENT ESSAY IN WHICH YOU ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN THE USE OF BLACK ICONIC IMAGES (AND OTHER ETHNIC IMAGES) TO SELL PRODUCTS AS THE ECONOMY OF MASS CONSUMPTION EXPANDED IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY. YOU ARE ENCOURAGED TO INCLUDE IMAGES IN YOUR PAPER! During the 19th and 20th century, America –mostly white collar, middle class Americans- saw a great increase in salaries and a huge rise in mass production which paved the way for the modern American consumerism which we know today. The advertising scene saw a dramatic boost during that period and tried to latch on to this growing pool of emerging consumers. Although only limited to print, advertising during this pivotal period showed panache and reflected American society and popular culture.
Welding is an art, science, and high paying career all in one. Welding is the most effective way to join two pieces of metal, it is the only way to join them so they act as one. Numerous things in our daily lives has been welded from coffeepots to skyscrapers. Welding can be done almost anywhere outdoors, indoors, underwater, and even space (“Welding Basics”). It is practically
1996Cast metal matrix composites are first used in production model automobile in the brake rotors for the Lotus Elise.
This report is based upon extensive library and internet research as well as an interview with Zaman Qamar, performance engineer at General Motors. He is one of the team members for crash and safety department which deals with accidental issues during severe crash.
In my undergraduate years, I have acquired a strong background in the fundamentals of basic mechanical engineering, having studied subjects such as Strength of Materials, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Design of Machine Elements and Automobile Engineering. Whilst pursuing my diploma & degree courses, my interest for Automotive Engineering grew even more having learnt more on the different types of internal combustion engines, their configuration and importance. However, what I lacked was a practical understanding on these core areas of Automotive Engineering. To gain a better understandi...