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Psychological theories
Psychology and their theorists
Psychological theories
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Sue is nineteen years old and she has an eating disorder. The question that needs to be answered is: what is the cause of Sue’s eating disorder? There are three contemporary perspectives in psychology that explain what is happening in Sue’s life and those are psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive. They all lead back to the same answer, that her eating disorder is a product of her parent’s fighting and their probable divorce. The first and most prominent of the perspectives that apply to this case study is psychodynamic psychology. This perspective is based on the studies and findings of Sigmund Freud, who was a neurologist that proposed that there is an unconscious mind into which everyone represses their threatening, vulgar urges and …show more content…
This branch of psychology focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, thought processes, problem solving ability, language and learning (Pearson). It focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information that they are given (Pearson). Some of the key assumptions are that our behavior can be explained as a series of responses to stimuli and behavior is controlled by our own thought processes as opposed to genetic factors (Introduction). The biggest contributor to this perspective is Ulric Neisser, who is coined the “father of cognitive psychology”. He believed that the human brain worked similarly to how a computer collects data. When he was young he worked with another prominent cognitive psychologist George Miller, who was one of the founders of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. One of his most well known discoveries was his research on short term memory and how it is typically limited to only about seven pieces of information at a time. This approach explains how Sue’s life around her can shape her views of herself and cause her to have an eating …show more content…
Watson. Behaviorism is the “science of behavior” (Pearson) and it disregards the consciousness issue in psychology at the time and focused instead on the observable behavior. Watson believed that all behavior is learned, and he tested that theory with the experiment called “Little Albert”. In the case study, it is stated that her eating disorder started after her parents started fighting her junior year of high school. That would mean the root of her problem originated with her parents
Introduction Therapy and inpatient psychiatric units can be extremely helpful for patients who need professional help. There are multiple types of inpatient facilities and many to choose from for a specific condition. Types of inpatient psychiatric facilities may include: drug addiction, alcohol addiction, sexual addiction, trauma, mental health disorders, eating disorders, or other conditions. Laureate Eating Disorders Program is an eating recovery center located in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Laureate Eating Disorders Program
Her doctors suspected that her family’s dynamic and her upbringing may have contributed to the eating
Sara is a thirty three year old lesbian black female. She reports that she was 5’9” in eighth grade and has always been larger than everyone. She also reports that her grandmother was present in her life and would control her diet with slim fast starting around eighth grade, and her brother lived with her as well. Sara has stated that growing up, she did not feel safe, and that there has been trauma causing her life struggles. Her close friend, Julie, reports that she is aware of Sara’s condition but only because she has brought it up when something apparent relates, but declines to discuss in any further detail. Julie states that it is hard to believe Sara is struggling with such a condition and for so long because
Research, 2016. Bordo implicated popular culture as having a serious negative role in how women of America view their bodies. These images have led to drastic increase change in life altering female disorders and eating. Not only does these images affect Americans but young men and women too which they should be fighting against it, not for
Eating disorders can be viewed as multi-determined disorders because there are many different factors that can play into a person developing an eating disorder. Each case is different and to get a clear picture of the disorder it must be looked at from numerous angles because often times it is a combination of different issues that contribute to someone developing an eating disorder.
Despite being the most prevalent eating disorder amongst individuals with developmental disabilities and may occur in as many as 25%-33% of children, there is much that is still unknown about pica. There has been little advancement in finding out what causes this disorder and because of that, treating and even diagnosing pica can be difficult. In addition to that, pica can have health consequences that range from mild to severe so, when coupled with the difficulty in treatment and lack of breakthrough research, pica has the potential to be an extremely dangerous disorder.
Many studies have been done about the causes and treatments of eating disorders but none quite like the one evaluated in the article Effective Treatment of Eating Disorders: Results at Multiple Sites. This study is different in several different ways and one is that it takes place throughout 4 different countries with a total of 6 clinics and the time span spreads from 1993-2011 and it tracks 1,428 patients. Another main factor of this study is the fact that they don’t focus on treating the patients’ psychological symptoms but the physical symptoms of the eating disorder. The experimenters called in the Mandometer treatment and this involved a scale that was linked to a computer, which rested underneath the patient’s dinner plate. The purpose of this was to receive mealtime feedback and compare their rate of eating to that of a normal person. Other parts of the treatment involved providing warmth to the patients through warm rooms, blankets, and jackets to avoid caloric use for thermoregulation; restricting physical activity; encouraging normal social interactions; and decreasing psychoactive drug use.
Many citizens in the United States and other parts of the world fight with weight and body image issues. Most exercise and eat healthy to help their problems. Some take a more unhealthy and sometimes deadly route. An estimated five million people are affected by eating disorders each year (Alters & Schiff, 2003, p.36). Eating disorders are more common among females. At least three percent of women have some type of an eating disorder (Alters & Schiff, 2003, p.36). Eating disorders are classified as persistent, abnormal eating patterns that can threaten a person?s health and well being. There are three major types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and compulsive overeating.
The psychoanalytic perspective grew out of subsequent psychoanalytic theories (1901, 1924, and 1940) following decades of interactions with clients with the use of an innovative procedure developed by Sigmund Freud that required lengthy verbal interactions with patients during which Freud probed deep into their lives. In a nutshell, the psychoanalytic perspective looked to explain personality, motivation, and psychological disorders by focussing on the influence of early childhood experiences, on unconscious motives and conflicts, and on the methods people use to cope with their sexual and aggressive urges. The Biological perspective on the other hand looks at the physiological bases of behaviour in humans and animals. It proposes that an organism’s functioning can be described in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that cause behaviour. This paper attempts to examine the similarities and differences between the psychoanalytic perspective and the biological perspective with the key focus on the core assumptions and features of these perspectives as well as their individual strengths and weaknesses.
In 1913 a new movement in psychology appeared, Behaviorism. “Introduced by John Broadus Watson when he published the classic article Psychology as the behaviorist views it.” Consequently, Behaviorism (also called the behaviorist approach) was the primary paradigm in psychology between 1920 to 1950 and is based on a number of underlying ‘rules’: Psychology should be seen as a science; Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable behavior, as opposed to internal events, like thinking and emotion; People have no free will – a person’s environment determines their behavior; Behavior is the result of stimulus resulting in a response; and All behavior is learned from the environment. How we process these stimuli and learn from our surrounds
Through case study, the psychodynamic approach was developed by Sigmund Freud. Freud visited Charcot’s, a laboratory in Paris investigating people suffering from hysteria. There, Freud began patient case studies (Crain, p. 254). Freud developed 5 stages of human development known as the Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital stages. The Oral stage is from the ages of birth to 18 months. This stage engages in oral activities such as sucking. Next the Anal stage begins around age 18 months to 3 years of age. Freud suggests that during the Anal stage a child focuses on the pleasure of purging from the rectal area. The Phallic stages, none as the masturbation stage, when a child get’s pleasure from focusing on his genital areas usually happens during ages 3 years to 6 years of age. After the Phallic stage come the Latency stages. Latency is when children at the ages of 6 to 12 years old work to develop cognitive and interpersonal skills suppressing sexual interests but those 12 years and older fall into the Genital stages. During the Genital stage those suppressed sexual interests re-occur and the need to find gratification dependent on finding a partner (Craig & Dunn, p 12)
In conclusion, the theory of behaviorism is based on observable behaviors for easier quantification and data collection. Effective techniques such as behavior intervention and discrete trial training originate from this school of thought. The approaches are very essential in altering the maladaptive behaviors in adults and children (Cherry, 2011). Today, conditioning and the use of reward and punishment are used to help people learn accepted behavior and in other cases to help them stop problematic behavior (Coon & Mitterer, 2008). This has made behavior modification and training easy and possible. Therefore, Dr. John Watson played a tremendous role in the transition of psychology from the work of earlier scholars to the modern scholars.
"Causes of Eating Disorders." Mental Help. N.p., 2 Feb 2007. Web. 20 Feb 2014. .
Matthews, Glenna. "Eating Disorders." American Women's History: A Student Companion. N.p.: UP, 2000. N. pag. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
Psychoanalytic criticism is based off of the study of Sigmund Freud’s neurotic patients. Freud discovered “that the human mind contains a dimension that is only partially accessible to the consciousness and then only through indirect means such as dreams or neurotic symptoms” (Rivken and Ryan 389); this part of the mind is known as the unconscious or id. It is through the unconscious mind that repressed desires, feelings, memories, and instinctual desires are encapsulated, and they typically deal with sexuality and violence (Rivken and Ryan 389). The repressed sexuality and violence is notably traced back to childhood and the relationship of the child to their parents. Psychoanalytic criticism is heavily based in the Oedipus Complex; the child