This document highlights the topics required by Project 2 – Research – Memory Management and Virtual Memory for Operating Systems class of 2014. This paper is presenting a case study of Microsoft’s Windows 7 64 Bit Professional Operating System.
2. Memory
2.1 Description:
The main memory is the central hub where all programs are executed. It consists of a large array of bytes, each with its own address. The amount of main memory is a limiting factor in a computer system, the more memory we have, the more addressable space the Operating System has, increasing the number of programs that can be executed and how much information is ready to be put into execution. When the instructions are ready to be executed, the scheduler sends them to the CPU. This process can take more than one transition between the memory and the processor. The memory unit acknowledges only a stream of memory addresses, it has no understanding on how they are generated or what their purposes are.
2.2 Physical Memory:
Most current Operating systems today support 64 bit addressing, that includes our case study, Windows 7 x64 Professional. Hardware and software limitations of
32 bit chips which are constrained to a maximum of 2 GB user addressable or 4 GB of RAM access, sped up this transition. A 64-bit chip addressing space is increased to 2^64 bytes of RAM and can greatly increase system performance and the way programs can be written without having to take in consideration the above constraints.
- Windows 7 Professional 64 bit has a limit of 192 GB in addressing space.
2.3 Virtual memory:
Virtual memory is a memory management technique implemented with the help of both hardware and software. It maps memory addresses used by a program, called virtual addre...
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...e is assigned an age value consisting of three bits that determines the age of a page thus helping the operating system to decide which memory page can be discarded from the physical memory. The reference counter used in the aging algorithm and the way it is used ensure that pages referenced more recently, though less frequently referenced, will have higher priority over pages more frequently referenced in the past: thus, when a page needs to be swapped out, the page with the lowest counter will be chosen.
3. Conclusion:
Windows 7 is the first widely adopted 64 bit Operating System in the Microsoft family. It addressed a lot of security issues and greatly improved performance and some of the features from its predecessors. It has matured to a stable and reliable Operating System and holds the majority stake of being installed on most personal computers worldwide.
The EEPROM chip can store up to one kilobytes of data and is divided into 64 words with 16 bits each. Some memory is inaccessible or reserved for later us...
In the WMM memory is considered an active process and not just a passive store of information, unlike the MSM.
Using server virtualization to concurrently run various operating system environments on one physical server these issues can be resolved, which enables concurrent improvement by performing analysis of multiple environments. In addition to that, when development and test environments can be encapsulated and saved, the process of reconfiguration will become simple.
Recent data shows that 78% of computer users use Microsoft Windows as their primary operating system. Microsoft has also just released a new operating system known as Vista that competes primarily with Apple’s Mac OSX.
Main memory size is 256 bytes. Each byte has a unique 8-bit address consisting of an integer in the range 00 (hexadecimal) to FF (hexadecimal).
Windows: Microsoft’s best product yet, Windows. Although, some may predict it to die out, the operation system is doing well. At the time of the article windows 7 came out and they were getting ready for the overhaul of windows 8. Today, the latest version of windows, Windows 10, and seems to be their most successful version yet. Its running on 300 million devices and on track with meeting its goal on 1 billion by July
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As the internet is becoming faster and faster, an operating system (OS) is needed to manage the data in computers. An Operating system can be considered to be a set of programed codes that are created to control hardware such as computers. In 1985 Windows was established as an operating system and a year earlier Mac OS was established, and they have dominated the market of the computer programs since that time. Although, many companies have provided other operating systems, most users still prefer Mac as the most secured system and windows as it provides more multiple functions. This essay will demonstrate the differences between windows
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The debate over whether or not the design|architecture} design or the CISC architecture is best has been occurring for several years. whether or not design|architecture} design with its tiny however economical instruction set or the CISC architecture with its massive and straightforward to use instruction set is best has been arduous to work out. during a time once new chips ar free nearly monthly, corporations wish to create certain they need the sting over the competition. they require their chips to be designed with speed in mind. several chips have used either the Reduced Instruction Set pc or the advanced Instruction Set pc since the start of the pc era however whether or not one is best has ne'er been a clear-cut issue. They each have strengths and weaknesses. we tend to ar progressing to discuss the advantages and downsides of every design and verify that is that the higher design.
The MMX technology introduces new general-purpose instructions. These instructions operate in parallel on multiple data elements packed into 64-bit quantities. They perform arithmetic and logical operations on the different data types. These instructions accelerate the performance of applications with compute-intensive algorithms that perform localized, recurring operations on small native data. This includes applications such as motion video, combined graphics with video, image processing, audio synthesis, speech synthesis and compression, telephony, video conferencing, 2D graphics, and 3D graphics
Paging is one of the memory-management schemes by which a computer can store and retrieve data from secondary storage for use in main memory. Paging is used for faster access to data. The paging memory-management scheme works by having the operating system retrieve data from the secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging writes data to secondary storage from main memory and also reads data from secondary storage to bring into main memory. The main advantage of paging over memory segmentation is that is allows the physical address space of a process to be noncontiguous. Before paging was implemented, systems had to fit whole programs into storage, contiguously, which would cause various storage problems and fragmentation inside the operating system (Belzer, Holzman, & Kent, 1981). Paging is a very important part of virtual memory impl...
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