Part 1: Captain James Cook, commonly abbreviated as Captain Cook, was a navigator, explorer, cartographer and captain for the Royal Navy from approximately 1747 to 1779, when he was stabbed to death by villagers in Hawaii while trying to take hostage the king (Collingridge, 2002). Born in 1728 (Myplace.edu.au, 2014), James was one of James Cook and his mother, Grace Pace's eight children (Rigby and Merwe, 2002). When he was around 17 years old, he moved to Witby where he was taken in as a merchant navy apprenticeship (Horwitz, 2003). He then worked his way up the Navy, until he earned the name of Captain James Cook. Part 2: Cook’s first voyage had two objectives. What objectives and were they fulfilled? The first of the two objectives was to observe the transit of Venus, and the second was to find evidence of the existence of Terra Australis Incognita, the name given to the land on which Australia occupies nowadays, before it was colonised. The viewing of the transit of Venus was to be recorded in four stages. The first of which was when Venus' figure made contact with the figure of the sun. The second was when Venus' figure was completely inside the suns figure, but still touching the edge. The third was when Venus' figure was still inside the suns figure, but touching the other side. Finally the last stage was when Venus' figure was completely outside the suns figure, but still touching the rim. The observation of the transit of Venus was successfully completed, with a clear sky and observations being recorded by 3 different observers (James Cook, Charles Green and Daniel Solander). The event was viewed by the explorers on the island of Tahiti (Rienits and Rienits, 1976). The second objective as stated was to find evidence of ...
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...different towns. James was born in Marton, which is now called Middlesborough, in Yorkshire. But Matthew was born in Donington, Lincolnshire. Overall, Captain James Cook and Captain Matthew Flinders were similar in terms of their origins and their expertise in the workforce, but in the end they gave different contributions to the Royal Navy.
Part 3:
When James Cook discovered the mysterious Southern Land existed, it spawned many more voyages to Australia. Including that of Captain Matthew Flinders, mentioned earlier in this report, that resulted in the entirety of Australia being mapped. This allowed for Australia’s land to be used for storage of convicts, relieving the burden of masses of criminals on the justice system in England. Overall, the discovery of improved the criminal justice system in that period of time, then leading onto a new nation being created.
His first voyage took place in 1598 with his uncle. He was on his own for his next trip which lasted 2 years. He was in France from 1603 until 1607. They then found some West Indians that
In 1802 Jefferson had started to strategize an expedition to explore out west all the way out to the Pacific. President Jefferson commenced preparations for this expedition in the same year after inspiration from the writings of Canadian explorer Sir Alexander Mackenzie. These writings were called the Voyages from Montreal. After reading these fascinating excerpts, Jefferson knew he wanted an American expedition out west. Jefferson’s expedition was also impacted by the journeys of Captain George Vancouver and James Cook in tha...
When writing the "big picture" histories, historians often overlook or exaggerate certain aspects of Australian history to make their point. Discuss with reference to one the recommended texts.
It is well known that Captain Arthur Philips landed in Australia on 26th of January and took over the land and is referred to as “invasion Day”. Yet little do people know, Captain Arthur Phillip didn’t land in Australia on 26 January. He first landed in Australia between the 18th and 20th of January 1788 in Botany Bay, however where he landed he couldn’t find fresh water so he then sailed into Sydney Cove on the 26th where he found a Tank Stream…..problem solved. Australia day today celebrates our diverse society, our remarkable achievements, our future as a nation and how we can make Australia a better
He didn't have a very exciting life when he was younger but he did grow up sailing on short trips on the English coast. Since a young age he knew he wanted to be on the water. When he was older he sailed on countless voyages.
Reynolds, H. (1990). With The White People: The crucial role of Aborigines in the exploration and development of Australia. Australia: Penguin Books
Gard, S. (2000). A history of Australia. The Colony of New South Wales. South Yarra: MacMillan Education Australia Pty Ltd.
This means looking back at the arrival of Europeans, particularly the legal and political system that were used in the apparent legitimisation of the invasion. Colonisation occurred in 1700’s when Australian soil first became ‘occupied’, not by the indigenous Australians who had lived with and upon the land for centuries before but rather by European colonial fleets who had been in search of undiscovered land. The act of occupation occurred through compliance with international law and the legal doctrine of discovery of uninhabited land; terra nullius. The Australian land was declared void not of inhabitants but rather of ‘organised society united permanently for political action.’ It was declared that those who inhabited the land when it was discovered had no local laws, and as such no
Captain Smith started his life out in Hanley, Staffordshire. He was born on January 27th 1850. He captained the Baltic, Adriatic, and the Olympic. According to numerous reports he rose through the ranks of the navy very quickly. He was bestowed with the great honor of captaining the Titanic on her maiden voyage. This wonderful honor must have gotten to the great captain's head, because he made numerous careless mistakes. These mistakes ultimately are what cemented the Titanic's fate.
Now I shall give a bit of a quick history lesson. The land of Australia had two types of people living there before the European settlers came to the country the Aboriginal and the Torres Strait Islanders and in 1688 a man named William Dampier was the first British man to explore Australia (Austrailian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade). This is similar to how America had Native A...
Cabramatta is a key reflection of the traditional owners of the land, changing migration patterns to Australia and its rich layers of the past. Cabramatta’s first white settlers were Irish political prisoners who were some of the first convicts to be provided with land grants which was to support the food shortage throughout the colony. Alike many of Sydney’s colony’s Cabramatta was known primarily for agriculture. Early settler’s seeked employment on farming properties and dairies. Cabramatta grew heavily reliant on its neighboring settlement, Liverpool which provided Cabramatta with essential supplies and kept peace and order throughout the colony.
“On a June evening of 1770, Captain James Cook heard the screech of wood against stone” (ngm.nationalgeographic.com). He later realized that he had just discovered the Great Barrier Reef. Cook and his team had been exploring the waters offshore of what is now Queensland, Australia when the H.M.S. Endeavour became trapped in the labyrinth of coral. Not too far below the surface, rough, spiky towers of coral tore into the ship’s frame and held the vessel fast(ngm.nationalgeographic.com). As timbers splintered and the sea poured in, the crew arrived on deck “with countenances which sufficiently expressed the horrors of our situation,” Cook later wrote in his diary. The captain and crew barely made it to a river mouth where they rehabilitated the vessel. A few decades after Cook’s encounter with the reef, English cartographer Matthew Flinders-who also had a mishap or two while “threading the needle” among the reefs-gave the massive body its name, inspired by its size.
Francis Drake has been part of history for the longest. He was born in Tavistock, United Kingdom around the 1540’s. Drake was an English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, and politician of the Elizabethan era. Drake then died in January 27, 1596 in Portobelo, Colon, Portobelo District, Panama. Nevertheless, when Drake was alive, he accomplished a lot. One of his first accomplishments was that he wrote a book, After that he sailed with Captain Lovell to the Caribbean o a slave trading enterprise and then later on he sailed to the West Indies. Some of his favorite quotes were, “great things have small beginnings.” and “It isn't that life ashore is distasteful to me. But life at sea is better.”
Drake’s real opportunity came in 1577 when Queen Elizabeth gave him a grant to make the first circumnavigation of the world by an Englishman. On December 13th Drake sailed from Plymouth in the Golden Hind with four other small ships and about 160 men. They were set out to raid the Spanish property on the Pacific coast of the New World. He abandoned two ships in the Rio de Plata in South America, and, with the remaining three, navigated the Straights of Magellan.
On December 27 1831, Charles Darwin’s ship, the H.M.S Beagle, set sail. The trip was funded by his home country, England. Darwin was a naturalist and worked with nature and explored things in the nature. Darwin sailed to South America and to the Cape Verde Islands.