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Homelessness: Causes and effects
Homelessness: Causes and effects
The problem of homelessness
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Critique of Current Social Welfare Program/Policy The Canadian government can be criticized for their lack of a coordinated policy response to food insecurity by having no comprehensive policy framework in Canada designed to address food insecurity either federally or at the provincial or territorial. This is further a concern because although food banks and other charitable food programs continue to grow across the country, there is little evidence that community-based initiatives that are largely reliant on donated food and labour have the capacity to effectively address the very serious food problems facing the nearly one million households in Canada who struggle with food insecurity (PROOF, 2016). Policies that exist for employment …show more content…
In regards to the Canada food security strategy priorities, they outline their implementations and efforts but those are only aimed toward international dealings with developing countries. Although food security is extreme in developing countries, it is shocking there are no outlined priorities specific to Canadians who are facing food insecurity. There are no homeland initiatives and implementations outlined in the Canada food security strategy. Homeland realities of food insecurity begin visibly addressed at lower level governments of the provincial and municipal level. While these governments acknowledge the reality of food insecure in Manitoba among other communities, it seems that no mandatory strategies are required. Rather the policies and action plans are more of hopes and recommendations in which adherence is favored but not mandatory. The most successful and immediate work that address food insecurity are vastly delivered by …show more content…
Manitoba has successfully implemented nourishments programs at schools as well as some daycares within the low-income neighborhoods. The promotion of bringing access to nutritious and local food to these communities has also occurred through farmer markets that occur in key accessible locations including the forks, Métis friendship center, wolseley, portage, and sargent. Schools provide fundraisers that offer fresh produce through peak of the market in bulk purchase for affordable prices. Although the continued implementation and strategies on part of both public and private sectors has not eliminated the issue of food insecurity, it continues to help. Food insecurity within some neighborhoods have been reduced due to these efforts, while others have not seen reduction. As seen in Appendix F in Tarasuk and Dachners (2014) the prevalence of household food insecurity separated by municipalities. Winnipeg had rates of 14.25% in 2007 – 2008 seen a drop to 11.51% of household facing food insecurity in 2011-2012. Those that have not seen reduction may not to a lack of services, policies or programs, but rather due to growth population within those areas. Some of the unanticipated consequences of the programs and policies implemented in Manitoba are that the areas
Linda Gordon's article is thoughtful, insightful and highly relevant. As governments slash poverty relief programs at all levels and as welfare-bashing reaches an all-time high, it is instructive to take a step back and look at how the current system developed.
According to Dolgoff and Feldstein (2003), “the needs and goals of the Food Stamp Program are to alleviate hunger and malnutrition by enabling low-income households to buy a nutritious adequate diet” (p. 132). The program also improved the market for local merchants to produce food for eligible low-income households and other agencies such as the School Lunch Program which safeguard the health and wel...
Poverty is a serious issue in Canada needs to be addressed promptly. Poverty is not simply about the lack of money an individual has; it is much more than that. The World Bank Organization defines poverty by stating that, “Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read. Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time”. In Canada, 14.9 percent of Canada’s population has low income as Statistics Canada reports, which is roughly about two million of Canadians in poverty or on the verge of poverty. In addition, according to an UNICEF survey, 13.3 percent of Canadian children live in poverty. If the government had started to provide efficient support to help decrease the rates of poverty, this would not have been such a significant issue in Canada. Even though the issue of poverty has always been affecting countries regardless of the efforts being made to fight against it, the government of Canada still needs to take charge and try to bring the percentage of poverty down to ensure that Canada is a suitable place to live. Therefore, due to the lack of support and social assistance from the government, poverty has drastically increased in Canada.
Stuff, Casey, Szeto, Gossett, Robbins, Simpson, Connell, and Bogle (2004) Household Food Insecurity Is Associated with Adult Health Status. Journal of Nutrition, 134, 2330-2335. Retrieved from http://jn.nutrition.org/content/134/9/2330.full
A community health assessment of the Hillside-Quadra area was performed and considered various aspects of the community, including the population, the socioeconomic environment, and health and social services. Personal communication with some of the residents determined that food insecurity is of major significance for many in the community. “Food insecurity exists within a household when one or more members do not have access to the variety or quantity of food they need due to lack of money” (Statistics Canada, 2015). Community kitchens (CK), are easily adapted to an IFK concept, have been implemented by two communities within Victoria (Appendix B; Personal Communication) and are capable of serving as a public health initiative that benefits the communities they serve (Iacovou et al.,
There are many social welfare programs designed to provide income support for Canadians, mostly for those with little to no income. Some may criticize these programs as too generous or an incentive to be lazy, however, welfare rates are below the poverty line, and most of the people receiving benefits cannot find permanent employment or are disabled. In fact, 68% of food bank users receive some form of social assistance. Studies done at the University of Manitoba have shown that guaranteed income programs reduce hospital visits caused by work injuries, domestic violence, and mental health issues, which would save billions of dollars in healthcare and prison costs annually. Extending welfare to the bottom 10% of Canadian would cost approximately $10,000 per person (not taking into account savings in the healthcare system a...
Poverty among Aboriginals entails poor living conditions on reserves, health and well-being struggles, and financially unstable families; relatively speaking to the majority of Aboriginals who are living in impoverished communities, these hardships usually commence in some way, shape, or form. The Canadian Feed the Children Charity (2017) notes that “Indigenous children in Canada are over two and a half times more likely to live in poverty than non-Indigenous children.” This number is quite high and is extremely unfortunate for children to have a potentially traumatic and unpleasant upbringing resulting in challenges throughout adolescent and adulthood years. Furthermore, statistics from a study conducted years before, in 2013 with the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives state the rate at which Aboriginals in Canada are living in poverty. It was determined that 50 percent of status First Nations children in the Canadian context live in poverty based on the Low Income Measure (Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2013). With Manitoba being the highest percentage from this resource, sitting at 62 percent living in poverty, it is evident that Aboriginals in Canada are struggling
Nutrition and food security are among the top 4 social indicators of health in Canada, with limited access to nutritious, affordable food linked to poor health. (*According to the Canadian Medical Association 's What Makes Us Sick? 2013 report.) Food insecurity in Canada*:
Food insecurity does not discriminate; it reaches many segments of society (Whitney, DeBruyne, Pinna, & Rolfes, 2007). Even through closely related to poverty, not all that have food insecurities are in poverty. Often it is the working poor that are hit the hardest. The working poor are a group that despite having a job, there income is too low to meet their need or that of their family. Most of the working poor (56%) live in families with children, so that the poverty of these workers affects many others as well (Problems Facing the Working Poor, Kim 1999). Many lower to middle class families will temporarily struggle with food insecurity at various times during the year. For these families government assistance may not immediately available. Appling for Supplemental Nutrition Assistanc...
Food insecurity is an issue faced by millions of Americans every day, and the biggest group affected by this is working families with children. Food insecurity is so big that the United States government has now recognized it and provided a definition for it. The United States government has defined food insecurity as “a household level economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food” (USDA.gov). Food banks and anti-hunger advocates agree that some of the causes of food insecurity are stagnant wages, increase in housing costs, unemployment, and inflation of the cost of food. These factors have caused food banks to see a change in the groups of people needing assistance. Doug O’Brien, director of public policy and research at Chicago-based Second Harvest says “’we’ve seen a real shift in who we serve. A decade ago, it was almost always homeless, single men and chronic substance abusers. Now we have children and working families at soup kitchens’” (Koch). These families that are feeling the effects of food insecurity will not be only ones affected by it, but all of America. Studies have shown that there is a link between food security, performance in the classroom, and obesity. If this issue is not faced head on, America will have a generation of children not fully prepared for the workforce and high health insurance rates due to obesity health issues.
To be healthy you must have four unsettles ingredients. These four things are eating healthy and the right amount, exercising regularly, sleeping well, and getting the right nutritious vitamins. A child two to eight years old need the same four unsettles to be healthy. The only difference is that they need a different amount of each that an adult. They must eat the recommended intake in each food group corresponding with their age and sex stated in the Canada’s food guide. They must also get daily excurses, with lots of sleep. The National sleep foundation recommends that children one to five years old should get 11 to 14 hours of sleep each night (National sleep foundation, n.d.) They must also get the right nutritious vitamins to help them grow. A good way to achieve this is with a child baste motley vitamin. I will be inspecting the intake of food a child in daycare consumes each day to see if them meet the recommendations set by The Canada food guide. Studying their strengths and weaknesses and how thy can be improved.
In the year 2015, around 40 million U.S. citizens were food insecure (Randall para. 3). Food insecurity can be defined in paragraph 3 by “[having] difficulty at some time during the year providing enough food for all their members due to a lack of resources. This 12.7% of American citizens also contains another group - children. Aged 10-17, 6.8 million adolescents struggle with a food insecurity. There have been several years of cuts to the social programs designed to help these people, along with the Great Recession continuing to leave an impact on the U.S. economy (para. 6). Under the Obama administration, $8.6 billion was cut from the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as Food Stamps. From 1993-2001 under the Clinton administration, former President Bill Clinton’s administration “gutted the welfare system” (para. 15). Because of these budget cuts, the families who rely on food assistance from the government have been allotted less throughout the years. From a sociological perspective, the concepts of sociological imagination, class stratification, and social location are in effect when it comes to child hunger in the United States. Being hungry is an issue larger than any one individual can control.
Michael Franti, an American rapper, spoken word artist and environmentalist, stated in a blog post that “[i]f we do not change our negative habits toward climate change [and other environmental problems] we can count on worldwide disruptions in food production, resulting in mass migration, refugee crises and increased conflict over scarce natural resources like water and farm land … recipe for major security problems.” (Brainy Quote). He sums up a majority of the problems Canadians will have to deal with if Canada continues to blindly march along and pretend that there are readily available, unlimited
Introduction The past three decades have seen extensive changes in the style of governance, which has produced various consequences for the public policy determination process. The function of government had become forced to adapt to the changes brought forth by New Public Management (NPM). One of these changes has been the introduction of a new agency; the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). At the recommendation of the Interdepartmental Committee on Food Regulation (ICFR), the creation of the CFIA was meant to overcome the bureaucratic political inefficiencies of its predecessors, which had achieved little progress and had run up operational costs since their initiation (Aucion, 1998). The operating costs using the inefficient bureaucratic
Alaimo, K., Olson, C. M., Frongillo, E. A., & Briefel, R. R. (2001). Food insufficiency, family income, and