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Essay on consequentialism
Essay on consequentialism
Strengths and weaknesses of consequentialism
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Global Issues Reflection Paper 1 Can realists be considered amoral? No, realists are not amoral but are grounded in consequentialist morality. What is consequentialist morality? Consequentialist morality is determining whether a decision can be considered morally right or wrong depending is the consequences are good or bad. How are realist and idealists different? Idealists are those that see the potential of good in every country and organization and would like to work together to solve an issue. Instead of ruling with a power, they would prefer to rule with morals. Despite how it sounds idealists do not view, their approach as unrealistic. Even though they would like to cooperate as a whole they do not object to the use of military power if there is no choice. They can be described as a group that supports the righteous and fight the villainous when a conflict begins …show more content…
On the other hand, realists are those that agree power is what drives international politics. They are commonly viewed as strategists that focus on the good and bad of the situation at hand. Realists tend to concentrate more on motives and are more attuned to how often good motives can produce tragic results. Realists can be perceived as the power hogs as they love to make alliances that are powerful enough to scare off or defeat an enemy. A downfall to this that many might resent the realist countries because they feel oppressed which can lead to war. Who could be considered a bigger threat to security between China and Russia? According to Betts, China is the biggest threat to the US now. He explains how in the 1970s, China was not considered a threat and was made an ally of the US to combat against the Soviet Union. However now that the tables are turned and Russia is viewed as weak in the power balance. Realists are hoping the US able to achieve rapprochement with Russia to improve the balance of
A common objection to consequentialism, that agents are burdened with duties to help others at the expense of their own happiness, was not even addressed. This in itself seems to be one form of absolutism that riddles consequentialism in general. Nielsen made it clear that one should not be absolute about insisting on weighing consequences when they are barely known, but would he reject this notion as well? It is not clear that this absolutism, of always valuing the good of others over the agent’s own self, is separable from the concept of consequentialism; so it is not clear that consequentialism can escape absolutism as Nielsen concluded in the second argument recounted here.
To begin with, idealism is the concept of acting according to what you percieve as
What neorealism believes is fear and distrust originated from the anarchy of international system, resulting in the pursuit of power for survival. As stated by Mearsheimer (2010), power is the currency of international politics. The statement addressed a simple but important question: “why do states want power?” While “human nature” is always claimed by the classical realism, the neorealists, or the structural realists such as Mearsheimer specified the structure or architecture of the international system which forces states to pursue power. All states desire sufficient power to protect th...
From all that has been mentioned above, one has to conclude that personality does have an effect on a countries foreign policy. A leader will have an impact on how his or her country relates with other nations. Liberals and realists also have different views when it comes to foreign policy. However both views agree that peace has to establish though they may not agree on the means. Today, most of the conflict in the world is as a result of leaders failing to agree on certain decisions for example whether intervention is justified. There is no doubt half of the problems would be solved if there was only one ideology followed by all statesmen. However this cannot happen and therefore conflict is and will continue to be inevitable.
Evaluating threats to America’s national security is a challenge that is undertaken by academics, intelligence analysts, policy-makers, and anyone else with the patience. During the Cold War, America’s biggest concern was easy to define, the only other state capable of competing with America, the Soviet Union. Today, America faces threats from states, non-state actors, domestic groups, and even economic conditions. However, two states should always be kept in mind when discussing national security, China and Russia, with China being the biggest threat.
Deontological moral theory is a Non-Consequentialist moral theory. While consequentialists believe the ends always justify the means, deontologists assert that the rightness of an action is not simply dependent on maximizing the good, if that action goes against what is considered moral. It is the inherent nature of the act alone that determines its ethical standing. For example, imagine a situation where there are four critical condition patients in a hospital who each need a different organ in order to survive. Then, a healthy man comes to the doctor’s office for a routine check-up. According to consequentialism, not deontology, the doctor should and must sacrifice that one man in order to save for others. Thus, maximizing the good. However, deontological thought contests this way of thinking by contending that it is immoral to kill the innocent despite the fact one would be maximizing the good. Deontologists create concrete distinctions between what is moral right and wrong and use their morals as a guide when making choices. Deontologists generate restrictions against maximizing the good when it interferes with moral standards. Also, since deontologists place a high value on the individual, in some instances it is permissible not to maximize the good when it is detrimental to yourself. For example, one does not need to impoverish oneself to the point of worthlessness simply to satisfy one’s moral obligations. Deontology can be looked at as a generally flexible moral theory that allows for self-interpretation but like all others theories studied thus far, there are arguments one can make against its reasoning.
Philosophy has been a field of study for centuries. Some philosophers have developed ways to determine what is ethical and what is not. This has led to several normative ethical theories describing how people are ought to live a moral life. Some of the most prominent of these theories have set the criteria for morality in very unique and peculiar ways. Two of which are the ethical egoistic theory and the utilitarian theory, each seeing morality in its own distinctive way. By comparing and contrasting the view these theories pose on morality and by analyze how each stands in some of the world’s most modern day issues, one can understand why utilitarianism is a
In conclusion realist and liberalist theories provide contrasting views on goals and instruments of international affairs. Each theory offers reasons why state and people behave the way they do when confronted with questions such as power, anarchy, state interests and the cause of war. Realists have a pessimistic view about human nature and they see international relations as driven by a states self preservation and suggest that the primary objective of every state is to promote its national interest and that power is gained through war or the threat of military action. Liberalism on the other hand has an optimistic view about human nature and focuses on democracy and individual rights and that economic independence is achieved through cooperation among states and power is gained through lasting alliances and state interdependence.
Harman, G. (2000). Is there a single true morality?. Explaining value and other essays in moral philosophy (pp. 77-99). Oxford: Clarendon Press ;.
The realist school is based on the thought that human nature is not perfectible. Human nature is viewed as evil and something that cannot be trusted or counted on. In order to have a successful society the citizens need to be controlled by a strong sovereign government. This strong government would be the only thing able enough to control human nature and the evils it produces. If a strong central government did not exist a state of chaos would be created by the people of the land. One of the leading philosophers of the realist school was Thomas Hobbes. He elaborated on many of the concepts of realism.
What is defined as a realist is can truly mean two different things from poem to poem. The first way is a person who accepts a situation as it is and is prepared to deal with it accordingly. The seconded is a writer whose style is characterized by the representation of people or the objects as they actually are in reality.
“In the place where idealism and realism meet, that is where there is the greatest evolutionary tension.” Idealism prioritizes ideals, social reforms and morals, by wanting to benefit not just yourself, but the world around you, believing people are generally good. On the contrary, realism gives priority to national interest and security with emphasis on promoting one’s own power and influence by assuming that people are egocentric by nature. Based on the definitions stated above, idealism and realism are significantly different from each other and their divergence of thought is more apparent when various proponents of each such as Woodrow Wilson, Henry Lodge, Barack Obama and George W. Bush have varied outlooks on comparable issues in politics. Subsequently, an idealist’s reaction to a particular issue would be a lot different than a realist’s response. Therefore, idealism deals with normative ideas and allows for improvements in the progress of not only a single state, but the whole world, however realism solely focuses on the benefits of one’s own nation.
A Non-consequentialist Ethical Theory is a general normative theory of morality that is not Consequentialist – that is, a theory according to which the rightness or erroneousness of an act, system of rules. That depends on something other than the goodness or lamentableness of the consequences. Conspicuously, Anti-Consequentialism implicatively insinuates Non-Consequentialism, but not vice versa. It is possible for a Non-Consequentialist to claim that the goodness or deplorability of the consequences of an act pertains to moral rightness or erroneousness.
Consequentialism is the state in which people participate in actions which are morally correct and which will have positive results in the future. Basically, consequentialism largely affects the actions that people take in life (Hume, 1888). For example, most people will want to participate in actions or do things that will have positive results in future. Some may decide to have relationships which will lead to marriage. Others may decide to have many friends who can help them when they need help.
The balance of power is closer with first great debate. The realists also diverge on some issues. So-called offensive Realists maintain that, in order to ensure survival, States will seek to maximize their power relative to others (Mearsheimer 2001). If rival countries possess enough power to threaten a State, it can never be safe. The hegemony is thus the best strategy for a country to pursue, if it can. Defensive Realists, in contrast, believe that domination is an unwise strategy for State survival. They note that seeking hegemony may bring a State into dangerous conflicts with its peers. Instead, defensive Realists emphasize the stabi...