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Child labour in society
Nature of child labour
Nature of child labour
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Child Labor caused many problems and the breaker boys strike had a big affect on the end of child Labor. Child Labor was a horrible thing and cause kids to be very uneducated and most kids would end up being severely sick or even dying. Parents would force their children into child labor because they needed more money. This caused many problems and struggles and needed to be stopped. The breaker boys worked in coal mines with a big risk of dying, they could not live like this anymore so they put a stop to this.
Most children were forced by their parents to work in these hazardous conditions. Parents made their kids work because they needed more money. The kids would be very uneducated, but still could not afford to go to school. Many children would get very sick or possibly die because of these dangerous conditions. In the coal mines they would get extremely hot in the summer and cold in the winter. Each job in the mines would contain a different amount of struggle because the jobs varied from pushing and carrying heavy coal to sorting through coal. There were also people called Putters and Trappers. Putters would control the airflow by letting air in the tunnels. Trappers would have
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to sit in the dark and help the leaders, they were not aloud to talk to anyone in the mines. In these small rooms, that were overpacked with kids working, it was very dark and hard to breathe because of all the coal. The farther into the mine people would get the more dusty, dust would often cause lung disease or other sickness. Also, everyone working would often have to carry around a lamp because that was the only way they could see anything. With children working for 10 hours every day, 6 days a week, and only getting paid 45 cents each day, it would be very long days of work. There were many failed attempts to end child labor. The breaker boys would often go on strike but would lose when the owners forced them to get back to work by beating or threatened to not pay the kids. Parents would often help the owners stop the strike because they wanted their kids to make more money, which could not happen if the kids did not work. Many laws involving ending child labor were declined by Supreme Court because they were unconstitutional. In the time period of 1820 -1890 there was a group of Americans known as Progressives who were the leaders of ending child labor. Lewis Hine was a big part in why Child Labor ended. He was a photographer who would take images showing all of the horrible struggles in the mines and would then send these images out to the public. His images were very deep and helped everyone get a better feel of how horrible it actually was in these mines at such a young age. Once more of the public saw these images they then took action in helping stop child labor. Hines pictures are the reason that this became such a big deal of something that needed to be stopped as soon as possible. These pictures still exist today and and are a way for people to connect to what it was really like. It is very important that there would be as many people as possible fighting to contribute end child labor and all these people helped make this happen. Many things have changed since this this time.
The breaker boys took a stand for what was right and there hard work paid off. Many laws soon passed ending child labor. One law that passed in 1893 states how no child can work for more than 12 hours a day. In 1894 a law passed saying that no child under the age of 13 can be employed in any factory. Then in 1938 this law was changed to expressing that no child under the age of 18 can work in factories or any hazardous occupations. This was called the Fair Labor Statistics Act to get this age requirement. This law is still in pay today, it has been changed slightly but because of the breaker boys and all children involved with child labor kids now have the amazing opportunity to be educated and not have to suffer the way these kids
did. Child Labor was a horrible thing that forced children to go through struggles they should not have to go through. These kids had to work in these mines overpacked with kids and uncomfortable temperatures. They would work long hours 6 days a week and get paid very little. The breaker boys tried to go on strike many times but were often defeated by parents and owners, but they still never gave up. They were a big contribution to ending child labor and eventually got what they wanted. Everyone that helped end this also protects all children now from going through this. Life is very different now and life would be very different if these laws were not passed and child labor was never stopped.
The strike affected much of the country, and it had great influence on public opinion on the rights of workers. It showed how the roles of management and the roles of government handled this situation. The Pullman Strike of 1894 and its aftermath had a huge effect on the course of the labor movement in the United States. The use of federal troops and the labor injunction sent a message to U.S. workers that would not change until the new deal of the 1930s. George Pullman was no longer look at as the great enlightened employer who took care of his workers, but a greedy intolerant man. After the strike he was worried that people would rob him so when he was buried he had it lined in concrete so no one could. The Pullman strike ultimately was unsuccessful at the time. Workers were sent to jail and many couldn’t find any jobs after. Although, it was successful in several ways. The federal government was involved for the first time in history because of a strike, and because they all took a stand for their human rights it impacted the future and how workers are treated
The labor movement led efforts to stop child labor, give health benefits and provide aid to workers who were injured or retired” (History.com staff 2009)
Often, children were forced to work due to money-related issues, and the conditions they worked in were terrible. Children worked in coal mining, such as at Woodward Coal Mining in Kingston, Pennsylvania (Doc. 7). Children were used to make the process of producing products cheaper, and they were paid low wages; the capitalists hired children just to keep the process of making products going and to make profit. One cause of child labor in harsh conditions was the unfateful fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company factory in New York City in 1911. Teenaged immigrant girls that were employed there worked under sweatshop-like conditions. The building they worked in was inadequately equipped in case of a fire, for the doors were locked, leaving no exit for the girls, and the single fire escape collapsed with the rescue effort; as a result, when the fire started, they were unable to escape. 145 workers were killed, but the company owners were not penalized harshly for this tragedy. This further demonstrates that capitalists were able to get away with the harsh conditions that they put their laborers, especially child laborers, through for their own benefit, which is making more money and using any means to get it, even if those means are low wages and harsh working
The Pullman Strike of 1894 was the first national strike in American history and it came about during a period of unrest with labor unions and controversy regarding the role of government in business.5 The strike officially started when employees organized and went to their supervisors to ask for a lowered rent and were refused.5 The strike had many different causes. For example, workers wanted higher wages and fewer working hours, but the companies would not give it to them; and the workers wanted better, more affordable living quarters, but the companies would not offer that to them either. These different causes created an interesting and controversial end to the Pullman strike. Because of this, questions were raised about the strike that are still important today. Was striking a proper means of getting what the workers wanted? Were there better means of petitioning their grievances? Was government intervention constitutional? All these questions were raised by the Pullman Strike.
Coal mines in these times were glorified death traps and collapsed. Often. Workers or their families were basically never compensated for anything, and even when they took things to court, essentially no court was sympathetic toward any coal miner or their family, and if their father or brother died, they were on their on for the rest of their life, often then forcing child boys to work if they weren’t already. Also, not many workers spoke proper english in the mines, so they could not read instruction signs, and by misuse of equipment, killing themselves and/or other
They were forced to go out to work and make a rapid transition into adulthood. In these work places they, like any other adult, had a limited amount of time to eat. Patience Kershaw, a miner at the age of 17 recalls having cake for dinner- in inadequate dinner- and she does “not stop or rest at any time for the purpose” referring to her inability to eat throughout the day . She of course is not the only one, Elizabeth Bentley who works in the mills was asked whether she had the opportunity to eat in the factory. The 23 year old who began working at the age of 6 replied with a “no” saying how she had little to eat. The human rights were furthermore diminished as I read further on about the consequences there were if a child were to arrive late to work or became drowsy. Clearly the long hours and often times the long travel from home to work would severely tire anyone, to keep the kids under control and alert while working, the over lookers resorted to strapping them “when they became drowsy”. Matthew Crabtree explains the dread that these kids had of getting beaten, due to the fear they had we can infer that the means of physical abuse was prevalent in these factories. In the mines the young girls and women had to adapt to the conditions of their workplace. The vigorous lifting and loading was a strenuous activity done by both sexes, males worked naked to combat heat while females also worked
A Lot of machines didn’t have any safety precautions this lead to a lot of injuries and death in factories. Breaks weren’t being given much to the employees and men were being paid about 10 cents per hour or maybe even less for hours worth of work. Women would make almost half of that. Children were paid less than 10 cents an hour as well for fourteen hour days of work since they were doing less complex work that didn’t take much skill. Cording to this article many children had physical deformities because of the lack of exercise and sunlight. Because of the mistreatment of children during that era the labor union was form
The Coal Strike of 1902 occurred as a result of many problems that were faced by miners. At the time of the coal strike there were 150,000 miners working in the mines (Grossman) Due to the depression of 1893, miners had their wages cut and were living in poverty (Grossman). Many miners were dissatisfied and looked to the United Mine Workers for support in raising their standard of living. This proved difficult since employers refused to recognize labor unions for fear of giving them significant control over the industry. In most instances of employee demands before 1902, employers would use government troops or hire immigrants to take the jobs of the strikers (David Kennedy).
Factories were utilizing children to do the hard work. They employed children as young as five or six to work as many as twenty hours a day. According to Document C, children worked in factories to build up muscles and having good intellect in working rather than getting an education. They became a different person rather than conventional children. There were additionally health issues due to child labor: rapid skeletal growth, greater risk of hearing loss, higher chemical absorption rates, and developing ability to assess risks. Progressive Era reformers believed that child labor was detrimental to children and to society. They believed that children should be protected from harmful environments, so they would become healthy and productive adults. In 1912, Congress created the Children’s Bureau to benefit children. The Keating-Owen Act was passed in 1916 to freed children from child labor only in industries that engaged in interstate commerce. However, it was declared unconstitutional sinc...
According to the article “A History of Child Labor” reviewed by Milton Fried, a child could work as long as six days a week for up to 18 hours a day, and only make a dollar a week. Child labor was nothing but cheap labor. The big companies loved cheap labor because then they could make an item for not very much money, and make a huge profit margin. Fried continues to state how cheap the labor was, “One glass factory in Massachusetts was fenced with barbed wire ‘to keep the young imps inside.’ These were boys under 12 who carried loads of hot glass all night for a wage of 40 cents to $1.10 per night.” Unlike, children today who are in bed sleeping by 8 pm each night, these children had to stay up all night working to make just enough income for their families. Sadly, the children had no choice but to work for very little pay. Their mothers and fathers made so little money in the factory system that they couldn’t afford to let their children enjoy their childhood: “Other working children were indentured—their parents sold their labor to the mill owner for a period of years. Others lived with their families and worked for wages as adults did, for long hours and under hard conditions” (Cleland). The child had no other choice, but to work for these big
Throughout history, children have always worked, either as apprentices or servants. However, child labor reached a whole new scale during the time period of the Industrial Revolution. Throughout the time frame of late 1800s-early 1900s, children worked long hours in dangerous factory conditions for very little wages. They were considered useful as laborers because their small stature allowed them to be cramped into smaller spaces, and they could be paid less for their services. Many worked to help support their families, and by doing so, they forwent their education. Numerous nineteenth century reformers and labor groups sought to restrict child labor and to improve working conditions.
In the beginning in the late 1700 and early 1800 hundreds when the Industrial Revolution when many families had to find someone to work or they wouldn 't survive in this decade this started child labor you might be asking yourself what is child labor, child labor is work that harms children or keep them from attending school or trying to get an education to better themselves. industrial labor organization made 215 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 had to work under the condition that are considered legal hazards or extremely exploitative in the environment that they worked in. underage children had to work also because usually their families were extremely poor and didn 't have enough money to support their selves for their children by them doing this there are many things that involved child labor when it came to the mistreating them. Such as them getting
Within months of the arrival of the early settlers on American soil, they were faced with the bitter cold of winter. These settlers were unprepared for winter. They were still in the process of building their houses, they had not gathered enough food to survive through the season, and they had no means of keeping warm during these dangerous months. Many of the early settlers died during these harsh cold months. With so many dead the use of child labor was necessary to survive for the colonist. In American history, this is often the case. In extreme times, when parents are unable to provide for their children on their own, the use of child labor is often
The breaker boys began in the U.S. and the U.K. in the 1860’s, but mainly began with the breaker boys in the 1880’s, but ended in the 1920’s because of the progressivism stopped it. Now I will tell you how the progressivism stopped it. The progressivism stopped by first, muckraking the breaker boys association or union. Teddy Roosevelt read it and so did other people (McDowell, John). He tried as much as he could to set child labor laws and finally got the vote in 1919 by Woodrow Wilson setting the Tax on Employment of Child Labor act, the court then ruled this as unconstitutional. Then finally in 1941, the court overruled the 1918 act and now kids below 18 years of age were not allowed to work outside of school because of any jobs that could cause any health problems like the breaker boys would (parents were half and half on this one because of the fact that they got less money to help out their families with, but on the other hand, they were happy that their children were now safe from health issues or problems).
England was a society dominated by children. During the reign of Queen Victoria one out of three of her servants were under the age of fifteen. Child labor was a prominent issue, because there were no systems to ensure the safety of children. During the start of the industrial revolution, there was a “high demand” for labor (Robson 53). Many families moved from rural areas to new, industrialized cities. After a while things weren’t looking as “promising” as they did before (Boone 23). In order to maintain, families had to put almost all of their family members to work. This led to a rise in the number of child labor. Children were “mistreated, underpayed and overworked” (Kincaid 30). Using children to do all of the hard work, the mining companies believed, was the most sensible and efficient way to get the job done. Because the children were a lot smaller, it was easy for them to “maneuver through tight spaces” and on top of that the children demanded little or no pay at all(Boone 43 ). These wages were enough to persuade companies to use children for all sorts of dangerous jobs such as coal mining and chimney sweeps. Children were called to do many other “horrible” jobs, jobs that adults in this era could not bear, just so long as the bills were paid (Robson 18). The working conditions and treatment of young children during this era was horrible and a lot was done to put an end to it.