Keywords—component; Artificial Intelligence, BCI, Robot, EEG, Fuzzy Systems.
I. INTRODUCTION
Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is method to convert brain activities signal to understandable action for machine or robot or any actuator, one of the commonly method to get brain activities is electroencephalography (EEG) system which is easier and low cost and also non-invasive method compare to other brain computer interface systems [1], [2]. In Recent researches of non-invasive brain computer interface based on EEG to control actuators result of create some equipment that controlled with brain, for example electrical wheelchairs [3], mobile Robots [4], humanoid robots [5].
In all the research and projects so far have been made with this method (Brain computer interface), all subject controlled by a person brain, an example of the research that has been done by Millan et al. [4] was on mobile robots has been controlled by a person brain. Or control the electrical wheelchair made a non-invasive method by thinking about it that the person was able to move between rooms [3].
Or in a project humanoid robot with brain activities signals of a person to control the movement with non-invasive technique for left, right and forward movement [5].
In all of these experiments, one person can only control the one subject by mental, So far the experiment has not been done by several person to control a subject such as control of robot movement for example control movements of a humanoid robot by several person or in a sensitive motion control of a robotic arm, for example, working with chemicals materials and other materials that are dangerous for humans by a few specialists or the control of a surgeon robot by thinking of the several surgeon to su...
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... et al., "Noninvasive brain-actuated control of a mobile robot by human EEG," Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, vol.
51, pp. 1026-1033, 2004.
[4] J. Millan, et al., "Noninvasive brain-actuated control of a mobile robot by human EEG," Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, vol.
51, pp. 1026-1033, 2004.
[5] G. Pfurtscheller, et al., "The hybrid BCI," Frontiers in Neuroscience,
[6] Yongwook Chae, Sungho Jo, Jaeseung Jeong,” Brain-actuated Humanoid Robot Navigation Control using
Asynchronous Brain-Computer Interface”, IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering Cancun, 2011
[7] Microchip Technology Inc. 28/40/44-Pin, High Performance,
Enhanced Flash, USB Microcontrollers with nano watt Technology January 2013,DS39632D-pages1-428available at: http://www.microchip.com/TechDoc.aspx?type=datasheet&product=pic18f4550
Scientists are on the brink of doing the unthinkable-replenishing the brains of people who have suffered strokes or head injuries to make them whole again. If that is not astonishing enough, they think they may be able to reverse paralysis. The door is at last open to lifting the terrifying sentence these disorders still decree-loss of physical function, cognitive skills, memory, and personality.
The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader about Wilder Penfield and his research over electric brain stimulation. This essay will give a brief biography of Wilder Penfield, a description of his research, and finally discuss the insight his experiments provided and the influence they had on our body and behavior in general.
Moreover, EEG provides a direct and real time measurement of neural activity. The temporal resolution is of the order of a few milliseconds, which allow rapid changes in cortical function to be followed. On the other hand the spatial resolution is relatively low (6, 7).
Even if optogenetics remains as purely a research tool and does not give rise to beneficial effects directly in our species, it has still offered humans an unparalleled look into the function and dysfunction of the nervous system. Optogenetics has been adopted in laboratories around the world and enabled scientists to increase or decrease the activity of exclusive brain expanses on command. Great insight has been obtained through the use of this research tool and a great deal more
These two hemispheres have been thought to work independently if separated from one another. The idea that these two hemispheres of the brain can co-exist independently functioning as separate conscious minds is an interesting one. An idea that was explored in 1981 by Roger Sperry. He pioneered the study of what he called “split-brained” patients. A “split-brained” patient is a person who has had the two hemispheres of their brain disconnected to treat severe epilepsy. The left hand and eye supply data to the right hemisphere and the right hand and eye supply data to the left. In these “split-brained” patients tests were conducted to show that each half was isolated from the other. These same tests allowed the function of each half i...
Historically, cognitive psychology was unified by an approach based on an resemblance between the mind and a computer, (Eysenck and Keane, 2010). Cognitive neuroscientists argue convincingly that we need to study the brain while people engage in cognitive tasks. Clearly, the internal processes involved in human cognition occur in the brain, and several sophisticated ways of studying the brain in action, including various imaging techniques, now exist, (Sternberg and Wagner, 1999, page 34).Neuroscience studies how the activity of the brain is correlated with cognitive operations, (Eysenck and Keane, 2010). On the other hand, cognitive neuropsychologists believe that we can draw general conclusions about the way in which the intact mind and brain work from mainly studying the behaviour of neurological patients rather than their physiology, (McCarthy and Warrington, 1990).
in human bodies to revive paralyzed bodies through reviving the signals to the brain that
The brain, a component of the nervous system that is located in our skulls is a complex organ that determines almost everything about us, from actions to personality traits. It controls voluntary movement, conscious thinking, language, memory, and emotion (“Brain” 2014). Through the use of brain imaging technologies, psychologists are able to break down the complexity of the active brain and study its particular processes. Such technologies include Positron Emission Topography (PET), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Electroencephalogram (EEG), and Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT). These instruments are useful in the field of neurology, but have their own set of benefits and drawbacks depending on different situations. Hence, this essay will discuss and evaluate the brain technologies of PET and fMRI in its role of investigating the relationship between biological factors and behavior in terms of schizophrenia.
Abstract: Assistive technology is one way that individuals with learning disabilities have been able to overcome the difficulties with comprehension that they possess. This form of technology comes in many forms, ranging from low to high technology devices.
The Principles of Psychology. Toronto, Ontario: York University. L. R. Hochberg, M. D. (2006). Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices in a human with tetraplegia. Nature, 164-71.
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The brain is the control center of the human body. It sends and receives millions of signals every second, day and night, in the form of hormones, nerve impulses, and chemical messengers. This exchange of information makes us move, eat, sleep, and think.
Placement of electrodes could also be categorized based on medial-lateral and ventral-dorsal premotor cortex placement to determine regional differences in coordinate frames. Additionally, electrodes could be placed into the hand, wrist, and arm of the monkey to allow for EMG recordings of the muscles. Once the animal has recovered from surgery and has retrained briefly on the behavioral task, the experimental trials could
Hello, I am Professor Emi, the Co-Director of the “Human Brain Project.” I will be sharing you my focus, the different perspectives of medicine and medical technology and steps in creating medicine. Including that, I will also be sharing you my job’s goal for the project that I am currently working on.
Quantum computing is the first step into all technologies of the future. It involves using electric patterns in the brain to control electronics. A twenty-six-year-old quadriplegic has an implant the size of an aspirin sitting on the top of his brain that allows him to play simple video games, control a robotic arm, and even turn on and off a TV. By 2012 cyber kinetic chips could be able to process thoughts as fast as speech (Taylor). The transition eventually will be made from implants to headbands with unimaginable power. With this headband “Any kind of information is available anytime [a user wants]it, simply speak a question or even think it. [Once connected, a person]will always be connected wirelessly to the network, and an answer will return from a vast collectively-prodeuced data matrix. Google queries will seem quaint”(Kirkpatrick). With this breakthrough, the necessity to learn languages may disappear (Kirkpatrick). The biggest step is “network e...