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Erikson theory of psychosocial development
Erikson theory of psychosocial development
Erikson theory of psychosocial development
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Introduction
People are always learning and developing. It’s inevitable. It’s a process that continues throughout one’s life. One’s lifespan can be broken down into distinct stages, which includes childhood, adolescence and adulthood. A lot of growing, developing and influencing happens at each of these stages which can have an effect on how one grows up, their thoughts and their actions. The film Boyhood is a film that follows 12 years in the life of “Mason”, a fictional character, as he grows, develops and navigates the peskiness that is childhood and adolescence. The film features the same cast the whole way through, and is partly based on director Richard Linklater’s own life. The film has over a hundred scenes, each of which deals with a different event or moment, some of which are just the “lesser moments”, in Mason’s life during the 12 years that we see him
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It’s when an individual explores options to work out who they are. Two theorists with lofty ideas on identity formation are Erik Erikson and James Marcia. Erikson is one of the most influential theorists on the topic. He developed a theory on psychosocial development. His fifth stage of identity vs role confusion is aimed at adolescence when a person is trying to work out their identity and who they are (Keitt, 2012). Marcia further researched Erikson’s theory with university students. As a result, he came up with a more complex look at identity formation (Drewery, Payne, & Claiborne, 2014). In the film Boyhood one scene to do with identity formation is when Jim is questioning Mason as to why he’s wearing nail after getting an earring. Almost as if he’s hinting at something. Samantha, his sister, tells Jim he’s only wearing it to be cool. Marcia would categorise wearing nail polish to seem “cool” as foreclosure, as he’s taking on the identity expected of him without exploring what he wants personally. He was assigned “cool” by his
During this stage, Erikson believes that the individual’s successful identity formation relies on social, cognitive and physical maturation (Pittman, Keiley, Kerpelman, & Vaughn, 2011). The individual tries out different roles for who they see in themselves and who they portray to others, eventually committing to their own personal role and occupational choice. Pittman et al. (2011) describe the identity formation as “consisting of decisions, investments, and commitments tied to current and future roles, goals, and relationships.” Additional considerations for identity formation include the context of the culture which is available to the adolescent during this time. After successful resolution of this stage during adolescence, individuals will typically progress into Erikson’s Intimacy versus Isolation stage during young
On a more refined level of Erikson’s theories, James Marcia’s four levels of ego identity are observed. The four stages are; Identity confusion, when there is not crisis or active commitments; foreclosure, still no crisis but starting to form beliefs, goals and values; moratorium, active crisis and actively trying to seek a way to resolve crisis, and finally, identity achievement; one has gone through and resolved crisis, and now has firm beliefs and
Identity is a group of characteristics, data or information that belongs exactly to one person or a group of people and that make it possible to establish differences between them. The consciousness that people have about themselves is part of their identity as well as what makes them unique. According to psychologists, identity is a consistent definition of one’s self as a unique individual, in terms of role, attitudes, beliefs and aspirations. Identity tries to define who people are, what they are, where they go or what they want to be or to do. Identity could depend on self-knowledge, self-esteem, or the ability of individuals to achieve their goals. Through self-analysis people can define who they are and who the people around them are. The most interesting point about identity is that some people know what they want and who they are, while it takes forever for others to figure out the factors mentioned before. Many of the individuals analyzed in this essay are confused about the different possible roles or positions they can adopt, and that’s exactly the reason they look for some professional help.
When studying human development, it is helpful to understand the main developmental domains (i.e physical, cognitive, emotional and moral) and the ways in which people develop within each domain at certain age stages. Use of psychological theories is also helpful to understand the reasons for this development and the ways in which it manifests at different age stages. The objective of this essay is to analyse the influences on development from conception to late adolescence. It will describe theories of lifespan development with information regarding my own development used to support these theories. It will be concluded that theories of lifespan development can be used to explain life experiences in the different developmental domains at different
In conclusion, the growing up or the two stages in life are governed totally by a series of situations, parenting, and events that affect the outcome of how the individuals will handle the changes in life. Using human intellect and determining aspects that are normal, life will be lived and a good balanced person in society will be achieved. Because every person is different and an individual, the outcome in everyone will be different. Mature people may encounter different levels of stressful situations or circumstances than younger adults. They are more practical in coping with stress and have a greater acceptance of some things in life that cannot be altered or improved, and, can easily adapt to changes that will occur in life.
In this paper I will be focusing on Erikson’s Theory mainly about identity versus role confusion. Finding one’s identity is not always an easy task. Everyone at some point in his or her life has had, as Erikson puts it, an identity crisis. Everyone experiences different struggles that can have either a positive or negative impact on their identity. On my path to identity, I have reached identity achievement, which means I have explored and made commitments. I will also be focusing on two articles highlighting a fifth possible outcome regarding identity and looking at identity statuses as developmental trajectories.
DeCuir-Gunby (2009) states that identity is “a formation process begins at birth, peaks during adolescence, and continues to develop throughout adulthood, thus allowing an individual to fully negotiate multiple identities.” During adolescence, the peak of identity development, it is the most judgemental and children
James Marcia’s theory of identity formation was based on Erik Erikson 's “psychosocial stage theory” (Diessner, 2008) identity versus identity confusion. The foundation of which he used to identify, and divide one’s
Erik Erikson developed eight stages of psychosocial development (Gordon & Browne, 2014). Each stage was characterized by an emotional challenge and the stages built upon previous experiences (Gordon & Browne, 2014). His stages of development gave us the term identity crisis which describes
Boyhood follows the life of a fictional male character named Mason as he ages. Spanning ten years, approximately 2002 through 2012, Mason progresses from an fledgling elementary student to a freshman in college. I did some research to supplement my viewership and found the filming process extremely interesting. A majority of the original cast from 2002 remained until filming concluded in 2012. This movie provides therein leads itself to film critique that extrapolates on childhood into young adulthood.
This assignment’s main focus will be centred on Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which consists of eight stages however only the fifth stage ‘identity versus role confusion’ will be discussed. Aspects such as identity crises, exploration of autonomy whilst developing a sense of self, factors that may contribute to identity formation as well as the successful/unsuccessful resolution of this particular stage will be discussed thoroughly. Erikson’s theory was also expanded by James Marcia, who identified certain identity statuses. The discussion will then progress to the psychosocial development of a case study based on Anna Monroe in connection to the difficulties she faced, such as gender, sexuality, peer pressure,
Theoretical Framework Erik Erikson’s theory of psychological development is comprised of eight stages in which an individual's identity emerges and matures as they progress from one stage to another. Being the first psychologist to explain predictable stages of human development from childhood through adulthood, Erikson perfectly proves the importance of fully developing one stage before moving on to the next. His theory is based on fully developing the ego and being able to create your own identity based on social and cultural contributions. He defines identity as an individual's stable awareness of who he or she is and what he or she believes in. The basis of his theory is that at each stage, the individual will experience a psychological
The main idea being that one’s identity is based on their personal and social traits. Marcia’s 1st stage was Identity Diffusion. Identity Diffusion is when the adolescent has made no choice nor being attempting to make a commitment. Marcia’s 2nd stage is Identity Foreclosure; being the status of which the adolescent is willing to begin to commit to something in the future; goals, roles, or values. At this stage, Adolescent have not experienced an identity crisis.
...through 8 different psychosocial stages of life. Each step has to be completed in order to have gained knowledge and to be able to be successful in the next stage of development. Researching this topic has taught me that we can’t skip over skills and expect to have success or live happily ever after. I now realize how important learning from my mistakes can be. Childhood becomes the remembered past and adulthood the anticipated future (McAdams, 2001).
In Erikson’s Identity vs. Role Confusion stage, I thought, “Who am I?” countless times like many other adolescents. I occupied much of my time trying to construct a firm identity of myself, which I now realized did more harm than good. Letting myself explore different interests would have helped me find my identity than me trying to fake some firm identity.