Bowler's Five-Factor Model

d. The dynamic complex of human personality and developmental characteristics across lifespans, and personality learning

Bowler, M. C., Bowler, J. L., & Phillips, B. C. (2009). The Big-5 ± 2? The impact of cognitive complexity on the factor structure of the five-factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 979-984.

a. The five-factor model is used for examinations of career self- efficacy, entrepreneurship, job performance, job satisfaction. Even though the personality research relates to self- report format of psychometric properties remain. The development of the five-factor model has been traced back generations. Patterns change with a person over time.

B. Neo PI has been shown to be effective over the ages of a person.

c. Employ comparable units are far from identical. The problematic distinction was needed

between folk traits. The Neo self-report format with participants to ask to indicate their own levels.
Bradshaw, S. D. (1997). Impression management and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory: Cause for concern? Psychological Reports, 80, 832-834.
a. The revised version of the Neo Personality Inventory was designed to assess five dimensions of personality. It has excellent reliability and stability from numerous empirical studies in clinical settings.
c.

Validity scales are also found in a study by Caldwell- Andrews, Baer, and Berry. Validity scores measured in self- reports can be more bias than those of a correlation between observer and self- reports.

Furnham, A., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2004). Estimating one's own personality and intelligence scores. British Journal of Psychology, 95, 149-160

a. This study was conducted to research if personality and intelligence have the same constructs, independently. Cattell make the distinction between fluid (gf) and crystallized intelligence (gc). Fluid intelligence is dependent on the functioning of the nervous system. While crystallized intelligence is based on experiences and education. Most studies reported low/ insignificant correlations between intelligence and personality traits.

b. Gender greatly effected fluid intelligence greatly. Males did better then females at spatial ability. This was the only significant difference for crystallized intelligence. However, personality was not directly correlated with intelligence.

c. This study was only for clinical use and not practical because several intelligence test and personality test where

given.
d. There was believed to be a sampling error due to the size and correlation used in this study and is very high. In future studies it would measure a person’s latent intelligences scores like the WAIS does.
Konstabel, K., Aavik, T., & Allik, J. (2006). Social desirability and consensual validity of personality traits. European Journal of Personality, 20, 549-566.
a. Assessing self- reports is a concern of personality assessments. Measurable validity criteria for instance frequency of behaviors or life outcomes. A correlation between self- and peer- reports in personality traits are typically high near 0.5. This shows that a person assessing themselves and other’s assessing them are likely to be similar.
b. Social desirability is mentioned as a want and a need. In a personality test it is found in property of items and in the response style.
c. The Neo- PI- R consist of 240 items, 30 facets scales and 5 domain scales. The five domain scales being neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
d. This article talks about the validity of self-report especially when taking a self-reported personality test, compared to if you where to take one that someone else peer- reviewed for you.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr., (2007). Brief Versions of the NEO-PI-3. Journal of Individual Differences, 28, 116-128
a. Self- report and observer ratings are versions of two shorter forms in the NEO_PI. The Neo- PI is a measure of dimensions in the five-factor model. These scales are scored by self- report and observer ratings. Most people answer the all 240 questions in about 30 minutes.
b. New scales for the NEO-PI- 3 required the publication of new scales and norms for each group. Since everything was reduced it would be very unusual to whoever was being tested. These changes are made to still be in relation to those of the longer test.
c. Internal consistency ranges from .72 to .88 in adolescents and adult samples. An assessment of cross observer validity also took place. A comparison of cross observer correlations with the full domain scales.
d. The Neo- PI- 3 is a suitable alternative if someone needs a shorter test. It is mostly used for the middle school adolescence range of teenagers.
Kurtz, J. E., Lee, P. A., & Sherker, J. L. (1999). Internal and temporal reliability estimates for informant ratings of personality using the NEO-PI-R and IAS. Assessment, 6, 103-114.
a. Neo- PI- R incorporates and unusual form of observer ratings. The observer rating happens in the third person. The questions are written in the third person. Instead of providing ratings for trains based on definition, a series of adjectives are to be completed.
b. A series of studies of personally changes in people with Alzheimer’s disease as rated by a spouse or other caregiver. The NEO-PI- R observer rating forms where used in this study. They found that the people with Alzheimer’s personalities do change over time.
c. Not found in this article.
d. The Neo- PI- R incorporates an unusual form of observation ratings.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (2004). A contemplated revision of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 587-596.
a. A previous item analysis suggested that between 14 and 60 times in the Neo- PI would be more useful than the normal 240 items. This is when the Neo- FFI was created, to test this theory. It came back with a consistency rating of .86 to .90 for the original five scales.
b. To identify weaker items in the test they gave it to as many people as they could possible could from gifted students in Canada to Poland and to Slovak. They all came up with reliable quittance for a correlation between Neo- PI and the Neo-FFI.
c. Not found in this article.
d. This test can improve and test developers have an obligation to evaluate the research literature and make appropriate changes.
Ross, S. R., & Bailley, S. E., & Millis, S. R. (1997). Positive self-presentation effects and the detection of defensiveness on the NEO-PI-R. Assessment, 4, 395-408.
a. The Neo- PI- R is used for describing normal personality traits. An issue in considering the issue of validity is the extent to which the test is vulnerable to feigning.