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The evolution of the human brain
Brain development of a preschooler
The evolution of the human brain
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Recommended: The evolution of the human brain
Reading Kathy A. Bobula,’s article on brain development, I learned a lot of new things for myself. I want to note that it is especially interesting to learn not only about the processes of formation of explicit or implicit perceptions in general, but also about the important detailes of brain formation since childhood. Some of the explanations answered the questions that arose at the time I passed the test for revealing hidden prejudices. I also liked the specific and simple descriptions of the concept of bias and its types (prejudice, stereotype, attitude).
The most stood out statement from this material for me it is the fact that the brain is enormously plastic and its structure changes with every experience. This confirms the author's
assertion that prejudices, and misperceptions do not arise by themselves, but enter the learning process, is learned ( or constructed), and what is learned changes both the number and strength of connections between the cells of the brain. That is, it is transferred from those who help the child learn and understand themselves, as well as peace and relationships with people. To a certain extent, every adult can analyze the main messages of influence from adults and societies that have formed his / her attitude to any issue. The formation of hidden prejudices is very closely connected with the general perception and depends on many factors, up to an elementary sense of self-preservation. Awareness and understanding of participation in the formation of bias of emotions and experiences can become an excellent basis for regulating one's own beliefs and the perception of others. All this speaks about the importance that everyone who works with children should first of all be free from prejudice, racial discrimination and bias of any kind, so as not to convey their distorted beliefs to children. All this information helped me to take a fresh look at the process of relationships with other, and explained many of the reasons for certain reactions as my own as the children’s and their parents. Thank you for thise material. Mariya K.
Do we control the judgments and decisions that we make every day? In the book, Blindspot, authors Mahzarin R. Banaji and Anthony G. Greenwald reveal how people formulate decisions and judgments automatically based on their exposure to cultural attitudes regarding age, gender, race, ethnicity, social class, religion, disability status, and nationality. They claim a section of our brain, a“blind spot,” is responsible for storing the hidden biases that lead us to select choices and decisions in our life.
The introduction to the article was interesting, “What has billions of individual pieces, trillions of connections, weights about 1.4 kilograms, and works on electrochemical energy? If you guessed a minicomputer you’re wrong. If you guessed the human brain, you’re correct!” I did not know the brain had quite this many connections. After reading our chapter I really started to grasp the complexity of the human brain and the amount of energy it expends. I felt that the article lacked facts like these further in. There was very little empirical numbers offered by the author Eric Chudler.
Carr mentions the affect that technology has on the neurological processes of the brain. Plasticity is described as the brains response through neurological pathways through experiences. The brain regions “change with experience, circumstance, and need” (29). Brain plasticity also responds to experiences that cause damage to the nervous system. Carr explains that injuries in accidents “reveal how extensively the brain can reorganize itself” (29).I have heard stories in which amputees are said to have a reaction to their amputated limb; it is known as a phantom limb. These types of studies are instrumental in supporting the claim that the brain can be restructured. Carr asserts that the internet is restructuring our brains while citing the brain plasticity experiments and studies done by other scientists. I have experienced this because I feel like by brain has become accustomed to activities that I do on a regular basis. For example, I rarely realize that I am driving when coming to school because I am used to driving on a specific route.
Bibliography 3rd edition Psychology (Bernstein-Stewart, Roy, Srull, & Wickens) Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, Massachusetts 1994
In the insightful article “causes of prejudice” written by Vincent N. Parillo, the author begins the intuitive argument with a three paragraph introduction explaining to the reader, briefly, about the social and psychological sides of prejudice. “Negative attitudes can lead to turbulent social relations between dominant minority groups.” (pg. 504) “Psychological perspectives on prejudice-whether behaviorists, cognitive, or psychoanalytic-focus on the subjective states of mind of individuals.”(pg.504) which help the author, not only introduce these topics to the reader, but also aids the reader in understanding the author’s reasoning for writing this article. Progressing further into the author’s argument, the author commences his argument
Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., & Wegner, D. M. (2010). Psychology. (2nd ed., p. 600). New York: Worth Pub.
Passer, M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., & Vliek, M. (2009). Psychology; Science of Mind and Behaviour. (European Edition). New York.
Gall, S. B., Beins, B., & Feldman, A. (2001). The gale encyclopedia of psychology. (2nd ed., pp. 271-273). Detroit, MI: Gale Group.
Individuals’ mechanical systems for evaluating the world developed over the course of evolutionary history. Such mental operations provide tools for understanding the circumstances, assessing the important concepts, and heartening behavior without having to think or actually thinking at all. These automated preferences are called implicit attitudes.
According to Devine (1989), automatic processing involves the unconscious retrieval of obtained associations that develop through memory repetition; this process links with stimulus cues in the environment. The intense nature of automaticity is that an individual cannot escape or try to ignore the process (Devine, 1989). People build and enforce stereotypes through this automatic process and have no conscious control of memory retrievals. Human bodies take a lot of effort to function, but automatic processing requires little effort. People, therefore, mostly rely on automatic thinking, rather than controlled. This is why some researchers argue that automatic processing is why stereotyping is inevitable; because automaticity is easier, it does not mean controlled thinking cannot disband stereotypes (Devine, 1989). Controlled thinking is intentional and requires active participation of an individual. This proce...
pp. 164-71. LeDoux, J. E. (2002). "The 'Path How Our Brains Become Who We Are. New York: Viking Books, Inc. M. M. Merzenich, J. K. (1983).
Human beings have established an information base that has become the fulcrum of their thought process and have in turn impaired the independence of their brains and their ability to exercise autonomy. Less has been done to develop an understanding of how the brain works in terms of structuring the thought process, an aspect that prevents any efforts to adjust the general human view of the world around them and their cognitive process. Like robots, cultural norms have programmed human beings in a way that they can only respond to information from their environments in a certain manner and can only produce certain actions in response to the various stimuli from their environment, which are deemed culturally acceptable (Plattner, Meinel, & Leifer, 2016). Stanovich is keen to identify two types of brains within the human system, the primitive brain and the autonomous brain (Stanovich, 2004). Individuals tend to hide the primitive brain in favor of the autonomous brain, which is fast in making sense of the various stimuli form the environment. The primitive brain tries to question and discover the thinking process itself and how the brain works towards certain thoughts. By allowing for the dominance of conscious brain, humans have developed biasness in their
of our cognitive structure. And it is mentioned in Martinez et al., (2012) that people whom
Implicit biases are the stereotypes or attitudes that occur at the subconscious level. These biases, which include both unfavorable and favorable subconscious calculations, are triggered involuntarily and are beyond an individual's awareness or deliberate control. Everyone possesses implicit bias, even people with job obligations to neutrality,
The human brain is one of the most complex things that we, as a race know of. We still haven’t found a way to replicate one in the lab, and even our fastest supercomputers still envy the efficiency and processing power of the human brain. The humble origin of the human brain, however, has lead to some flaws. Reality is not an inherently constructed, or constant picture. The brain not only falls victim to dealers and tyrants of illusions, but also to its own flawed hardware.