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Censorship of free speech
Debates over free speech and hate speech
Nazi party ideology
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Blood and soil. This macabre chant haunts the world and represents the distorted ideology that links ethnicity and territory. “Blood and soil” represents a despicable Nazi ideology, an ideology with no place in a civilized society. Yet, these very words continue to be utilized by the neo-Nazis, the alt-right, the Ku Klux Klan, and the white supremacists who, to this day, continue to lurk in the ominous shadows of America. Wielding their torches, chanting these slurs, promoting hate and discrimination against all non-white people, white supremacists collected in defense of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. However, this protest against the removal of a symbol of oppression was regarded as a right. The right to free speech and the right to collective, peaceful, protests-- a right protected by the United States Federal Government. In the 1969 Supreme Court case of …show more content…
This case was then taken to the Supreme Court, where Supreme Court justices deliberated whether this law violated free speech under the United States Constitution. In a 7-1 decision in favor of Brandenburg, the court upheld that this specific law was unconstitutional, as it violated the right to free speech. However, the Supreme Court justices also upheld that if any act of free speech incited lawless action, state law could prohibit it. This decision, in its true effects, has preserved hate groups such as the KKK by allowing individuals to continue spreading hate in America. However, recently, the alt-right has made several violent protests around the South-- and no true action by the United States has stopped them. These groups remain continuously protected by this heinously abhorrent decision of the Supreme
A high school in Chattanooga, Tennessee suspended a student for wearing a jacket that depicted a Confederate flag. The school had already banded the flag prior to the student’s suspension, for fear of racial backlash. In a slim one-vote margin, the court upheld the school’s decision, solely for the possibility that racial retaliation could ensue. The student’s parents did appeal the decision, but the court deemed that this was not a violation of the student’s freedom of speech or expression.
In his book, Blood Done Sign My Name, the author Timothy Tyson tells the story of the highly combustible racial atmosphere in the American South before, during, and after the Jim Crow era. Unlike Margaret Mitchell’s account of the glory and grandeur of the Antebellum South, Tyson exposes the reader to the horrific and brutal reality that the black race experienced on a daily basis. Tyson highlights the double standard that existed during this period in history, arguing that the hypocrisy of the “white” southern judicial system allowed the murder of a young black African-American male at the hands of white racists to go unpunished (Tyson 2004, 244). The hypocrisy and double standard that allowed whites to bring harm to blacks without fear of any repercussions had existed for years before the murder Tyson wrote about occurred in May of 1970 (Tyson 2004, 1).
"Freedom of Speech: Missouri Knights of the Ku Klux Klan v. Kansas City" is an article about the KKK's attempt to spread their beliefs through a public access cable television channel. Dennis Mahon and Allan Moran, both of the KKK, asked to be broadcasted on air in 1987, and the whole situation led to a major problem. The KKK is known for its killings, prejudice, and cross burnings, and they wanted to be shown on television to further spread their message. The First Amendment states the right to the freedom of speech, but many of the community members had a problem with the whole situation. People with race relations, local leaders, and members of the cable company did not want to grant the KKK the right to appear on air. Black ministers and important politicians were not happy with the KKK's request to voice their opinions. The KKK complied with all of the rules that were presented by the cable company, even when they were told to create a locally produced show and receive training in video production. They happily obeyed the regulations and didn't cause additional problems to what they were soon to face. The cable company studio was located in a neighborhood that was 95% black, and violence was a major concern for the cable company. Many of those people threatened to drop their cable subscriptions if the K...
A very controversial court case in American history was Texas vs. Johnson (1984). In 1984, a man named Gregory Lee Johnson followed a group of anti – Reagan protesters to oppose the American exploitation of third world countries. This act of rebellion resulted in the burning of the American flag. Out of a total of approximately one hundred demonstrators who were involved in this ordeal, Johnson was solely charged with a crime. Johnson was arrested under Texas law, which made the burning of the United States or Texas flags crimes. Johnson was convicted and sentenced to one year in jail and fined two thousand dollars for his crime in restitution. Texas reasoned that the police were preventing the breach of peace; consider the flag a symbol of national unity. At Johnson's court trial, he was convicted of aiding, abetting and encouraging the burning of the Texan flag. This, in turn, made Johnson guilty under Texas state law.
A veteran’s letter proved the surprising fact that the “Lost Cause” did not honor all ex-Confederates equally, and the differing treatment of veterans based on social status and titles proved that a major limit of the “Lost Cause” was that even the movement, which sought to glorify the South, was biased in favor of the upper class. This fact leads one to the conclusion that the “Lost Cause” was probably led by the upper class and was intended to restore the family honor of relatives of prominent officers. Andrews’ textbook proved that white supremacy was an important element of the “Lost Cause’s” ideology. The fact that the UDC approved the textbook also demonstrated how influential the UDC was on education, and the fact that this textbook was written from the perspective of a white man also proved that the “Lost Cause” wanted to teach children racist ideas in order to continue the belief in white supremacy. This makes one question whether or not the “Lost Cause” was worried that abolition and Reconstruction would teach children that white supremacy was wrong, and thereby end the “Southern way of life”. Taylor’s writing proved that racial violence was an important issue in the South that white Southerners were not concerned with
This is a case of great importance because it addresses the issue of the broadness of the First Amendment as well as student’s freedom of speech rights being limited based on vicinity and because they are students. From this case it can be concluded that the courts were indecisive in their decision making process and that they will continue to interpret the First Amendment to their suiting and not as it is written. Finally, schools do need to have the right to enforce policies that are beneficial to the students.
Finally understanding the breadth of the black’s commitment to their cause, supporters of segregation began to feel threatened by the boycotters. Because of African Americans’ long-standing status as “property” and the widely held belief that they are inferior, the white Southerner’s unyielding faith in his ability to control blacks had never before seen such a threat. A rally meant to prevent integration held by the Central Alabama Citizens Council in February 1956 introduced a handbill modeled after the Declaration of Independence and portrayed African Americans as animalistic savages that would bring about the end of civilization. The author contorts the opening words of the Declaration in an attempt to deem whites the “original” Americans with the right to “life, liberty and the pursuit of dead niggers”. This handbill attempted to negate the raised spirits of the African Americans and return the power to the hands of white extremists by threatening to “abolish the Negro race” by use of “guns, bows and arrows, sling shots and knives” (Handbill).
"Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus” by Derek Bok, published in Boston Globe in 1991, is an essay about what we should do when we are faced with expressions that are offensive to some people. The author discusses that although the First Amendment may protect our speech, but that does not mean it protects our speech if we use it immorally and inappropriately. The author claims that when people do things such as hanging the Confederate flag, “they would upset many fellow students and ignore the decent regard for the feelings of others” (70). The author discusses how this issue has approached Supreme Court and how the Supreme Court backs up the First Amendment and if it offends any groups, it does not affect the fact that everyone has his or her own freedom of speech. The author discusses how censorship may not be the way to go, because it might bring unwanted attention that would only make more devastating situations. The author believes the best solutions to these kind of situations would be to
In 1965, radical human rights activist Malcolm X gave a speech regarding tactics freedom fighters should consider using during the violent area of the civil rights era. His speech declared that people of color should be respected as human beings, and if they were not, he and other activist intended to bring this right into existence “by any means necessary.” This quote insinuated that Malcolm X and his followers were ready and willing to use any tactics available to gain human rights, including violence. Since Malcolm X’s 1965 speech, this speech has been recreated and recited in churches, protests, and rallies.
...ineteen men were arrested for “conspiring to deprive Schwerner, Chaney, and Goodman of their civil rights under color of state law” (www.core-online.org). A jury of seven white men and five white women, ranging in ages from 34 to 67were selected as jurors. One man during jury selection even said he was a former member of the KKK, and was allowed as a juror. This biased jury was challenged. But the challenge was denied.
The Civil War was partly about slavery. Therefore, many use the flag as a symbol of hatred towards people of different descent, especially African Americans. The idea that “negro is not equal to the white man,” or white supremacy, has caused many racist attacks (Coates, 2015). Most of these attacks have involved the presence of a Confederate flag. Recently, Dylann Roof committed a gruesome attack on nine African American congregants at their local church during a bible study (Henderson, 2015). He claimed to have been motivated by the Confederate flag. Sadly, this violent attack provides a perfect example of the racism symbolically presented by the Confederate flag.
Even though laws like this undermined multiple amendments they were overlooked by the supreme court after the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. The Plessy v. Ferguson case happened when Homer Plessy sat deliberately in the white car after Louisiana passed their Separate Car Act. He was only ⅛ black but under Louisiana law that was enough to be legally black. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court and Plessy’s lawyer argued that the Separat...
Constitutionally, the case at first appears to be a rather one-sided violation of the First Amendment as incorporated through the Fourteenth. The court, however, was of a different opinion: "...
The Ku Klux Klan Act was passed in 1871, which allowed the congress to arrest or prosecute any acts of violence that were held by the Ku Klux Klan or any form of terrorism against any individual. The Ku Klux Klan was declared unconstitutional in 1882 by the United States Supreme Court. Unfortunately, Ulysses S. Grant did not enforce the law due to many factors such as finances and it being difficult to prosecute a...
...d freedmen’s civic activities. Although theoretically unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment, black codes remained in effect throughout the South, albeit unofficially, due to terror campaigns waged by racist clubs like the Ku Klux Klan. This association of ex-Confederates tormented, brutalized, and lynched freedmen and opportunistic Northerners who had traveled southward to reap the benefits of victory in the war. A Thomas Nast cartoon labeled the Klan as “worse than slavery” (Document I), attesting to its influence. Ultimately, the federal government suppressed the organization through laws that transferred jurisdiction over Klan cases to the federal government. Reinvigorated Southerners responded to these enactments by asserting modified versions of the states’ rights doctrine, as evidenced by an article in a publication entitled Nation (Document H).