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Oppressed stereotypes of the black women
Black women in art and literature
Black women in art and literature
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Recommended: Oppressed stereotypes of the black women
In an excerpt from Janell Hobson’s “Venus in the Dark: Blackness and Beauty in Popular Culture” Hobson argues that the “image of black women’s bodies in culture are distorted in a way resembling the morphing of a person’s figure in a carnival mirror,” a term she coins as “un-mirroring.” She continues this metaphor by saying black women artists must “fight against this process by challenging dominant culture’s representation of black women’s bodies as being grotesque and changing the discourse to being one of beauty.” One may argue that black women are too diverse to be represented by one image, rather that they should fight to be regarded as individuals devoid of stereotypes and negative historical connotations. Stereotypes, which are too broad to be accurate, have negatively affected the image of the black female body in culture. To change the trajectory of this idea in the future, the discussion must be aimed towards persuading society that stereotypes are superficial judgments, and that black women should be regarded as a diverse group of individuals, not individual elements of a stereotype.
The human race is comprised of a plethora of shapes, sizes, colors, and figures. Some of these images are regarded as ‘distorted’ in dominant culture, but these distortions are what makes every person unique and should be celebrated. Stereotypes, whether positive or negative, take these ‘distortions’ and assign behavioral attributes to them. This assumes that all persons who meet a certain set of physical requirements behave in a similar way. Due to the diversity of the human race, this outcome is highly improbable. Despite this, stereotypes are often used to describe a group of people, usually amplifying a negative trait that may not b...
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...se pieces were modeled after Saartije Baartman, an African American women who was made into an exhibition across Europe because of the shape of her body. Cox illustrates that there are vast amounts of diversity among black women’s bodies. Without wearing these prosthetic pieces, she could not make her own body resemble Saatije Baartman’s.
Cox’s work is exactly the type of discussion that is needed to move the discourse on black women’s bodies from being regarded as part of a stereotype to being regarded as individuals with beautiful differences. This is not a ‘re-mirroring’ of the ‘un-mirrored,’ but rather a creation of a new image, void of previous misconceptions but filled with individuality. The stereotypes concerning black women’s bodies needs to be abolished, not reinvented like Hobson suggests in “Venus in the Dark: Blackness and Beauty in Popular Culture.”
By the twentieth century, slavery had damaged black pride, and made it known that black features were inferior. When it came to black women and their hair, black women desperately wanted to match the standard of “white” beauty. Walker’s solution to this was to create a look that was Afro-American without trying to imitate whites. Walker spoke about beauty emphasizing that to be beautiful does not refer to the complexion of your skin, or the texture of your hair, but having a beautiful mind, soul, and character.
In The Venus Hip Hop and the Pink Ghetto, Imani Perry argues that the over-sexualized, unattainable bodies of black women in popular culture will lead to the breakdown of feminism and the positive body image of the everyday black women. As hip hop music continues to become more popular, the sexist messages presented in lyrics and music videos are becoming more common to the everyday public, including young black girls developing a self-image. Instead of these girls being exposed to healthy, positive role models who encourage individuality and that there is more to a woman than her body they are given hip hop video models whose only purpose is to look sensual on screen. The strong women that do exist in the hip hop genre are pushed to sexualize themselves or their lyrics to sell records or stay relatively unknown. Although Perry’s arguments are logical, I believe that she is creating a slippery slope of logic. A genre of music cannot destroy the self-image of black women that has existed for generations.
Jackson, P. (1992). (in)Forming the Visual: (re)Presenting Women of African Descent. International Review of African American Art. 14 (3), 31-7.
Whaley (2016) has contended, “Black image in comics has been one of grotesque caricature, often taking its cues from white fantasies of slavery and the minstrel stage”(p. 37). Jackie Ormes made a conscious effort to draw Black femininity. In each one of her characters exhibit realistic facial and body features. How would Jackie use her platform through the newspapers to challenge, reframe, and create a counterstory to the narratives in the comics strips and cartoons. Ormes drew her characters in her likeness, light-skin, straight short hair, small shapely physique, small nose, small lips a major contrast to the Mammy images representing Blackness. I will examine the three main comic strips Ormes drew, Torcy, Candy, and Patty Jo ‘n’ Ginger.
Women in pictorial history have often been used as objects; figures that passively exist for visual consumption or as catalyst for male protagonists. Anne Hollander in her book Fabric of Vision takes the idea of women as objects to a new level in her chapter “Women as Dress”. Hollander presents the reader with an argument that beginning in the mid 19th century artists created women that ceased to exist outside of their elegantly dressed state. These women, Hollander argues, have no body, only dress. This concept, while persuasive, is lacking footing which I will attempt to provide in the following essay. In order to do this, the work of James Tissot (b. 1836 d. 1902) will further cement the idea of “women as dress” while the work of Berthe
In many circles of the world, various groups of people distinguish themselves from one another through religion, language, culture, and sometimes gender. People also develop stereotypes about a particular group of people in order to identify them. However, most of the time, these stereotypes hold true for only some members of a group. Sometimes, these stereotypes are just plain misconceptions that do not even apply to the group they claim to be. Stereotypes are placed on people because it is a way to easily identify what type of person or ethnicity an individual is.
In an interview I composed with my mother, I asked her “What were some challenges you had to face being a black woman in the south” which she replied “As a black woman, it was hard because you would be considered last on the totem pole, and we were seen as stereotypes such as barefoot and pregnant.” It hard to challenge these thoughts which Collins described as “controlling images” that society puts on you because of your race or sexuality (pg.1). The author Rhoda Jeffries touches on some black women struggles in her article Editor’s Introduction: Fortitudinous Femininity: Black Women’s Resilience in the Face of Struggle when she says “Jeffries and Jeffries further explore the role of mentoring among Black women and challenge mass media to carefully craft images that positively depict African American women in the various roles they play in “Mentoring and mothering Black femininity in the academy: An exploration of body, voice and image through Black female characters.” (p.82) Media has a huge impact on society, which is because of what people see on television or read on social media, since people aren’t use to or don’t understand something they tend to place it on a certain race or
The shifted faces on each of the models represents what Gallagher describes as black women’s “prosthetics,” for at this time it was considered socially unacceptable for a black woman to appear in public without a applying dizzying array of products from skin whiteners to wigs, all of the “prosthetics” required for public life. In this instance, the separation of the face show that the face itself as a prosthetic, that in fact all of the artificial prosthetics have made the person themselves a prosthetic, losing themselves in the artificiality of cultural
Prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping are important topics at the cause of debating within social psychology. A stereotype is a generalization about a group of people, in which certain traits cling to all members, regardless of actual individual variation (Akert, Aronson, & Wilson, 2010). As humans, people assign objects and individuals into categories to organize the environment. Individuals do this for not only organization, but also survival. Is stereotyping inevitable? That is the question; according to Devine (2007), it is, but Lepore and Brown (2007) have to disagree. Devine believes that “stereotyping is automatic, which makes it inevitable.” On the other hand, Lepore and Brown are not convinced that stereotyping is automatic, and have claimed, after observation, that it depends on the individual.
These are the scenarios that become part of our lives due to biased perceptions. Furthermore, this story shows how presumptions shape the way we are expected to behave. Most of us do not think about these preconceived stereotypes, how they affect people, or that we even have them. Therefore, those of us whom these notions are applied to must live within the restrictions of them until the ignorance is broken. However, we are all subject to the perception of others, not just a black man, or an Indian woman, all of us. Cameron Russell, a professional lingerie model, states
A ‘stereotype’ by definition is a generalized image of a person or group, which does not acknowledge individual differences and which is often prejudicial to that person or group. People in general develop stereotypes when they can’t or are hesitant to get all of the information they need to make fair judgments about a person, or a group of people. When this type of situation happens, as it most often does, the person judging misses the ‘whole picture.’ Stereotypes in many cases allow us to ‘fill in the blanks’ and come to our own conclusions. Our society is the main culprit of the creation of stereotypes, but these stereotypes often lead to unfair discrimination and persecution when the stereotype is unfavorable. Stereotyping often results from, and leads to, prejudice and bigotry. (3)
Even though African American Women are not treated equal at times and don't seem to most, to be stereotyped. I believe that, the portrayal of African American Women in recent films, has served to highlight the negative stereotyping against them and increase awareness to their plight. People tend to label African American Women, from the typical stereotypes about Black women range from the smiling, asexual and often obese Mammy to the promiscuous Jezebel who lures men with her sexual charms. However, the loud, smart mouthed, neck-rolling Black welfare mother is the popular image on reality television. The stereotyping occurred before the passing of the Thirteenth Amendment, where the African American were predominantly bought and sold as slaves.
The European standard of beauty has been pushed upon us for thousands of years. The European standard of beauty is the notion that the more closely associated a person is with European features, the more attractive he/she is considered. These standards deem attributes that are most closely associated with white women such as fair skin, straight hair, a thin nose, and light colored eyes. The beautifully unique features each race possesses are often viewed as unattractive because it does not fit into this standard. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story, The Birthmark, we are introduced to Aylmer, who is obsessed with his wife’s birthmark. Aylmer’s attempt to cure his wife’s deformity and popular culture’s fascination with plastic surgery share the same tactics of psychological manipulation to fit the ideal standard of beauty. They both make women feel insecure about their physical appearance to the extent of putting their lives in danger to resolve a physical imperfection that was never an issue to begin with.
Most people find stereotypes to be obnoxious, especially when they have to do with sensitive subjects like gender or race. “Stereotyping is a generalization about a group or category of people that can have a powerful influence on how we perceive others and their communication behaviors” (Floyd, 61). Because they underestimate the differences among individuals in a group, stereotyping can lead to inaccurate and offensive perceptions of other people. Although stereotypes are prevalent in almost every society, becoming aware of our perceptions of others, as well as differentiating between both positive and negative stereotypes can help us overcome those stereotypes.
The second assumption is, that in order for them to be beautiful, they need to aspire to white hetero-femininity (Sanger, 2009). This notion of setting an example for all black women having to aspire to white women’s looks, links back to an old, racist colonial ideology (Sanger, 2009). Back in the 20th century, black women in advertisements were presented as hypersexual, that are presented only for the male is deeply related to the recent racist and colonial past of South Africa (Sanger, 2009). As is with the case of Sara Baartman, who was put on display like an object of interest, presented as a sexual product, purely for men’s enjoyment. She was presented as something other-worldly from the norm (coming from a western perspective), a South African women that would be presented as a standard for all black women, assuming that’s what all black women look like. So is the case with adverts today. They set the standards for all women in the similar context, depending on the culture in which it is presented (Jacobs & Tyree,