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Different anxiety disorders
Main Features Associated With Anxiety Disorders Essay
Different anxiety disorders
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Eric Beck meets criteria for Bipolar 1 disorder. He shows some signs of General Anxiety Disorder as well. Anxiety disorders are the most coming co-occurring disorder with Bipolar 1. To be diagnosed with Bipolar 1 disorder you must meet criteria for Major Depressive Episode and Manic Episode. Eric meets criteria for part A of Major Depressive Episode due to his extensive history of depression. He stated that “I suffer even when doing things, I should enjoy.” He often had feelings of guilt or worthlessness. Along with this Eric struggled from a lack of concentration. He also had recurrent thoughts of death and has tried to commit suicide.
Criteria B states that the person has symptoms that can cause clinically significant distress in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. He meets this in that he hasn’t had a stable relationship for over eight years. After quitting his job as a stockbroker due to the stress it caused, he’s been unemployed since then.
Criteria C states that the symptoms aren’t due to the direct physiological effects of a substance. There was no evidence that
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Eric was under any influence at these times. To meet Criteria for Manic episode, part A consist of a distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy. Eric meets this in that he experienced a two-week period in college where his mood was excessively elevated and agitated. Eric often became involved in goal-directed activity such as; rearranging his living room furniture. Eric also believed that the CIA was out to make him fail. To meet criteria B, you must have three or more of the present symptoms in the period of mood disturbance. Such as: More talkative than usual, distractibility, and increase in goal-directed behavior. During his manic episode, he became more talkative, spoke more loudly, and spoke quickly. Eric began missing class and appointments due to his distractibility. He was often distracted by rearranging his furniture like mentioned above, which could be considered goal-directed behavior. Eric also went on huge shopping sprees spending over a thousand dollars of his parent’s money. Criteria C states that the mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization. While on his “high” Eric wrecked the family car on accident which caused him to be hospitalized due to his injuries. This is where the doctors realized that he had a disorder and put him on medication. Eric wrecked two other times after this due to driving at dangerous speeds. Eric once again couldn’t keep a steady job. Criteria D states that the episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance. While Eric was going through a manic episode he tried every substance available on his college campus besides heroin. Though he did try these they weren’t the cause of his manic episode. To meet criteria for GAD a person must have excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not, the individual finds it difficult to control the worry, the induvial experiences fatigue, muscle tension, irritability, etc., the anxiety worry or physical symptoms cause distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas, it’s not due to substance abuse, and it can’t be better explained by another mental disorder.
Eric worried about everything such as: keeping a job, being too much of a burden on his family, his lack of a girlfriend, and even his car breaking down. His inability to sustain a career, and thoughts of being a “failure” also constantly worried him. Eric also experienced restlessness, irritability, and muscle tension. None of these symptoms were due to drug use, However, I do feel like this disturbance was better explained by Bipolar
1. Differential Diagnosis I first thought that Eric had GAD. At the beginning, it had mentioned a lot of symptoms he experienced that deal with worrying. I ruled this out when I read that he was severely depressed in high school and that he had experienced a “high” during college. The case study also mentioned that Eric went on to express episodes of depression along with episodes of mood elevation. I also considered OCD. I thought of this due to Eric rewriting his resume over and over, excessive overpreparation for job interviews, and him rearranging his furniture. Overall, I realized that his Bipolar 1 symptoms were prominent than the other two.
Considering the information provided in the case of Mr. Jock, and after aligning all symptoms and signs to the DSM-5 criteria, the patient should receive the diagnosis of Bipolar I, current episode manic, severe severity, with mood congruent psychotic features, with catatonia.
Unlike Naomi, Eric does not respond to drug therapy. Therefore, instead of a drug therapy, Eric receives the electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or brain stimulation often an effective treatment for patients like Eric with severe depression who does not respond to a drug therapy. By shocking the brain, the ECT manipulates the brain’s chemical imbalance produced by the social-cultural stress experience. But after eleven ECTs in a month, Eric cannot function because of the temporary side effects of memory loss and confusion affecting his concentration to play the viola and his well-being. Then after four months of receiving ECT treatment, Eric returns to normal social functioning as a musician. Six months later, Eric is still playing the viola and has had no recurrence of his
In DSM-V, bipolar 1 disorder is defined as meeting the following criteria for a manic episode, which may or may not be followed by a hypomanic or major depressive episode: There must be a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irri...
I have chosen to do a paper on Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar is a disorder in when a person’s mood inappropriately alternates between feelings of mania and depression. A bipolar mania is a mental illness classified by psychiatry as a mood disorder. Also individuals with bipolar disorder experience episodes of an elevated or agitated mood known as mania or hypomania, depending on the severity alternating with episodes of depression.
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by periods of mania, depression, or a mixed manic-depressive state. The condition can seriously affect a person’s reasoning, understanding, awareness, and behavior. Acco...
Crowe, M. (2011). Feeling out of control: A qualitative analysis of the impact of bipolar
Bipolar Disorder, an illness in the brain where it controls someone or something to have mood swings, depression, and thoughts on others and other things. Bipolar Disorder is the common name for Borderline Personality Disorder, it can be distressing, not only for the person with the disorder, but for the people around them. Persons with Bipolar Disorder have a difficult time controlling their emotions and many times are in a state of upheaval. Childhood experiences or a brain dysfunction are potential reasons why. Bipolar Disorder can be changed or helped by medication, therapy, and counseling. Bipolar is not an illness that can stand alone it is changed by other variables. Bipolar Disorder, is something not to be mess with. In (MANNING, JS.
Patients with bipolar disorder swing between major depressive, mixed, hypomanic, and manic episodes. (1-9) A major depressive episode is when the patient has either a depressed mood or a loss of interest/pleasure in normal activities for a minimum of two weeks. Specifically, the patient should have (mostly): depressed mood for most of the day, nearly every day; diminished interest or pleasure in activities; weight loss or gain (a difference of 5% either way in the period of a month); insomnia or hypersomnia; psychomotor agitation or retardation; fatigue or loss of energy; diminished ability to think or concentrate; feelings of worthlessness; recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation or attempt. It is important to note that, except for the last symptom, all of these symptoms must be ...
Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function.
Bipolar Disorder can be classified by the occurrence of manic episodes followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, extensive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day. During the specific period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, many symptoms are present. Some examples of these symptoms can include: -Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, and are more talkative than usual (“Bipolar and Related Disorders, “n.d.). There is a 10- 15% risk of completed suicide associated with Bipolar Disorder (“Bipolar Depression”, 2)
The characteristics of bipolar disorder are significant shifts in mood that go from manic episodes to deep depressive episodes in a up and down trip that seemingly never ends. There are actually three types of bipolar disorder. In bipolar III disorder there is a family history of mania or hypomania in addition to the client experiencing depressive episodes. This category is not highly used but is worth noting. Bipolar II disorder is marked by hypomanic episodes that have not required hospitalization. Bipolar I disorder is the full-blown illness and is defined by the presence of manic episodes which require treatment, and usually hospitalization (Wilner 44).
Within his lifetime, George has experienced multiple manic and depressive episodes consistent with bipolar I disorder. This diagnosis is possible because George has suffered from at least one manic episode; George has also experienced depressive episodes, which are common, but not required, occurrences in the disorder. The case study describes three different bipolar episodes and indicates that more have occurred. First, George experienced a depressive episode
Although genetic factors are considered the most important for the development of bipolar disorder, “episodes that develop after the first one appear to be more heavily influenced by environmental stress, sleep disruption, alcohol and substance abuse, inconsistent drug treatments, and other genetic, biological, or environmental factors” (Milkowitz, 2010, p. 74). Patient M had already suffered two similar episodes of strange behavior and her family history includes mood disorders and states of depression.... ... middle of paper ... ...
Bipolar disorder is the condition in which one’s mood switches from periods of extreme highs known as manias to periods of extreme lows known as depression. The name bipolar comes from the root words bi (meaning two) and polar (meaning opposite) (Peacock, 2000). Though often bipolar disorder is developed in a person’s late teens to early adulthood; bipolar disorder’s early symptoms can sometimes be found in young children or may develop later on in life (National Institutes of, 2008). Bipolar disorder has been found to affect both men and women equally. Currently the exact cause of bipolar disorder is not yet known, however it has been found to occur most often in the relatives of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder (National Center for, 2010).
Bipolar Disorder is the tendency of manic episodes to alternate with major depressive episodes, like a roller coaster. Barlow, D., Durand, M., Stewart, S., & Lalumière, M., 2014, p. 222. Their moods and relationships are unstable and they usually have a very poor self image, recurrent feelings of emptiness and fear of abandonment. Barlow, D., Durand, M., Stewart, S., & Lalumière, M., 2014, p. 444.