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Note on endocrine system
Note on endocrine system
Note on endocrine system
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Endocrine Hormones Are Involved In the Homeostasis of Blood Pressure Human body is probably as scientific as it could get with a whole network of controls and balances well in place. We have the nervous systems and immune systems and these systems are there to stay and more importantly they evolve and change with the passage of time. They keep upgrading themselves and this what keeps the man up to par with everything else and the change as and when they do come about. The hormone is like a messenger or a communicator in the case of out body. Once released, it carries the message through and forth and it travels through the main blood stream until it reaches and finds a cell with a receptor that it fits. This has to be a perfect fit and that is why it is sale that it must attach itself to the molecule like a key made for a certain lock. Then, like a key in a lock, the molecule attaches to the receptor and sends a signal inside the cell, which is relayed from here onwards. It is the content of the message which implies as to whether produce, release, take in or reduce the supply of p...
Lipid-soluble and Water-soluble hormones are products of the Endocrine gland. These hormones are transported in the body through the blood stream. However, they have different characteristics or properties that ensure their effectiveness is accomplished.
The Mayo Clinic’s book on High Blood Pressure was full of detailed facts about blood pressure and what it is. This is extremely significant to the experiment because blood pressure is one of the variables being tested. Understanding blood pressure is one of the key components to receiving accurate results from this experiment. Most of the book is on high blood pressure, which is not necessary for the experiment, but the book still had plenty of useful information about blood pressure itself. The book explains that when the heart beats, a surge of blood is released from the left ventricle. It also tells of how arteries are blood vessels that move nutrients and oxygenated blood from the heart to the body’s tissues. The aorta, or the largest artery in the heart, is connected to the left ventricle and is the main place for blood to leave the heart as the aorta branches off into many different smaller
A major physiological process that the human body implements to control blood pressure is through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone regulatory pathway. The kidneys, which are a major location for water retention regulation (and through changes in blood volume regulate blood pressure), notice decreases in blood pressure and release renin, an enzyme that alters the conformation of proteins, which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. Next, angiotensin I is altered into the conformation of angiotensin II by the action of angiotensin converting enzyme. Angiotensin II then causes many physiological effects that in turn increase blood pressure. These include causing cardiac hypertrophy, vasoconstriction throughout the body, stimulation of the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone and stimulation of the pituitary to release anti-diuretic hormone, each of which cause the retention of sodium and water in the kidneys. In an attempt to help regulate the blood pressure of those with hypertension, drugs have been designed that focus on the angiotensin converting enzyme. By decreasing the action of this enzyme from converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II, the physiological response to increase blood pressure that angiotensin II ensues can be greatly decreased. Through a decrease in salt and fluid retention and systemic vasodilation, blood pressure can be effectively decreased.
In our body’s we have thousands upon thousands of cells that work together to maintain the whole structure. Although cells accomplish different roles, they all are comparable in their metabolic conditions. Preserving a continuous inner environment with what the cells require to survive like sugar, minerals, oxygen and waste removal is essential for the cells and host well-being. The diverse process that the body controls its inner environment are referred to as homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to maintaining a stable environment in reaction to environmental changes. The body’s inner environment requires constant observation to maintain a stable inner environment this way if conditions occur they can be adjusted. Homeostatic regulation is the adjustment of systems in the body. “Homeostatic regulation involves three parts or mechanisms: 1) the receptor, 2) the control center and 3) the effector.” (Wikibooks, para. 2)
Aldosterone is in a class of hormones called mineralocorticoids which is also produced by the adrenal glands. The main functions of aldosterone are to help to maintain blood pressure and helping the kidneys retain needed sodium and excrete unwanted potassium to maintain the balance of water and salt in the body.
The endocrine system is very dynamic and has ties to most, if not all of the other major systems of the body. It is responsible for production of hormones and the regulation of them as well. These hormones act as chemical messengers within the body. Through several differing mechanisms, they are able to trigger very specific responses in target cells or organs. This is what enables the endocrine system to guide growth, development, reproduction, and behavior, among many others as well.
For homeostasis to work the transport, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular system have to function together.
The hormones produced by these organs are released directly into your bloodstream. These chemical messengers travel throughout your body and help regulate the activities of other organ systems. Many hormones, such as insulin from your pancreas and thyroxine from your thyroid gland, are essential for life.” (study.com-Dec 2014)
The endocrine system is the system of the human body that controls body functions through the use of hormones, which are chemicals that the endocrine system releases into the bloodstream (Utiger). One of the things that the endocrine system regulates is stress (Rx. Reduce Stress). When a person feels stressed, a chain of events unfold.
There are generally two categories of hypertension, primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. The causes of primary hypertension are usually unknown and it develops gradually over the years. As for secondary hypertension, the causes are mainly underlying other health problems and it develops in a sudden of time. (The Healthline Editorial Team 2013) First of all, hypertension can be related to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Renin is an enzyme secreted mainly via the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney when the sodium retention and water retention are reduced in the blood. (Beevers, Lip, and O'Brien 2001) Renin will bind to a substrate which is angiotensinogen and form angiotensin I which is an inactive peptide. (Foëx and Sear 2004) After that, angiotensin I will be rapidly converted to an active peptide angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in lungs. As a result, vasoconstriction occurs due to presence of angiotensin II and this increases the blood pressure. Moreover, angiotensin II can stimulate the releasing of aldosterone by adrenal glands. Secretion of aldosterone raises the blood pressure by reabsorbing sodium salts and water to increase sodium and water retentions. (Beevers, Lip, and O'Brien 2001)
Blood pressure measures the force of which the blood is pushing against the arterials walls. Arteries are made up of muscles and Simi-flexible tissues this is stretched when blood passes through it but over time people that have high blood pressure the artery walls gets stretched beyond its limit and this can cause other health problems such as Vascular weaknesses at the begin of the this over extending of the arties walls creates weak places in the blood vessels, making it easier to become prone to rupture. Health problems like stroke, aneurysms and min...
During recent years, numerous newspaper and magazine articles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. The term endocrine disruptor is used to describe chemicals that can mimic hormones and may either enhance or counteract their effects. It has been suggested that these hormone changes can, in turn, lead to a variety of health problems including cancer, decreased fertility, and abnormalities in newborns.
Hormones are chemical substances secreted into bloodstream by glands of the endocrine system. In humans, more than a dozen tissues and organs produce hormones. Some, including the pituitary, the thyroid, the parathyroid glands and adrenal glands are endocrine specialists; their function is to secrete one or more hormones. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis, the balance of the body, by making sure the concentration of many different substances in body fluids are kept at correct level. Controls of blood sugar level, blood pH and water balance are all examples of homeostasis.
The kidneys are a bean-shaped organ in the human body and they have different functions and are of vital importance for it. The kidneys are the pair of organs, which are able to regulate the reabsorption of ions such as potassium, sodium and calcium, which are fundamental substances for the cell. Furthermore, they are involved in the reabsorption of nutrients in the bloodstream and they can regulate the acidity of the blood. Besides the regulation of the fluids and ions, the kidneys are also responsible for the regulation of many different hormones that are involved in homeostasis and metabolism. Because of their importance in the regulation of substances in the body, when the kidneys stop working properly all the body is influenced by that creating disequilibrium in the maintenance of homeostasi...
Lastly, blood is involved in maintaining homeostasis by negative feedback loops such as temperature regulation, blood pH, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure.