Augustus DeMorgan was an English mathematician, logician, and bibliographer. He was born in June 1806 at Madura, Madras presidency, India and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1823. Augustus DeMorgan had passed away on March 18, 1871, in London.
Augustus was recognized as far superior in mathematical ability to any other person there, but his refusal to commit to studying resulted in his finishing only in fourth place in his class.
In 1828 he became professor of mathematics at the newly established University College in London. He taught there until 1806, except for a break of five years from 1831 to 1836. DeMorgan was the first president of London Mathematical Society, which was founded in 1866.
DeMorgan’s aim as a mathematician was to place the subject on a more rigorous foundation. As a teacher he was unrivaled, and no topic was too insignificant to receive his careful attention. In 1838 he introduced the term “ mathematical induction'; to differentiate between the hypothetical induction of empirical science and the rigorous method. Often used in mathematical proof, for advancing from n to n+I.
DeMorgan made his greatest contributions to knowledge. The renaissance of logical studies, which began in the first half of the 19th century, was due almost entirely to the writings of the two British mathematicians, DeMorgan and G. Boole. He always laid much stress upon the importance of logical training. His importance in the history of logic’s, however, primarily due to his realization that the subject as it had come down from Aristole was unnecessarily restricted scope. By reflecting on the processes of mathematics, he was led like Boole, to the conviction that a far larger number of valid inference were possible that had hitherto been recognized.
His most notable achievements were to lay the foundation for the theory of relations to prepare the way to rise of modern symbolic, or mathematical, logic. His name is commemorated in DeMorgan’s Law, which is usually presented in the concise alternative forms ~( pvq ) = ~p & ~q; and ~( p&q ) = `~p v ~q. These read not ( p or q ) equals not p or not q ; and not ( p and q ) equals not p or not q.
These statements assert that the negative ( or contradictory) of an alternative proposition is a conjunction which the conjuncts are the contradictions of the corresponding alternants. That the negative of a conjunctive is an alternative proposition in which the alternants are the contradictories of the corresponding conjuncts.
This is the question I propose to answer within my text. For such a purpose I have planned this paper as both a biographical work and one of intellectual history. For the biography of Delaney I owe credit to the work of Victor Ullman and his work, . Otherwise my research is based primarily on documents, written by both Douglass and Delaney, found in collections made by people such as Philip. S. Foner and Robert S. Levine.
Augustus cares about his people or that is how he portrays himself in his personal account of his life. He references things such as the money he gives to multiple causes, as well as his service to the people, and the positions they awarded him. He also portrays himself as being a just leader. For example he says “those who assassinated my father I drove into exile, avenging their crime by due process of the law”, he fairly punished them for their crime. Augustus also shows that he is in favor of true justice by saying that he would prefer to let someone live instead of killing them. Augustus’ name was important to him as was his history, and his traditions he mentions refusing offices that
Philosopher A: Augustus saved the republic. Philosopher B: Save it? He turned it into an empire! Augustus ruined the republic.
B) Create an even bigger welfare system that keeps people at the bottom rung of society, or C)incarcerate and enslave anybody who is too poor, too black, too Latino, etc. and force them to work for free for corporations that expose the very worst corners of our society.” This book has given me a sense of necessity to fight for equal treatment and justice for all people, regardless of race or other socio-economic status. This cannot be who we
John Maynard Keynes, British economist, journalist, was born on June 5th 1883, in Cambridge, England. His father, Dr. John Neville Keynes, was an economist and a philosopher. Keynes attended Eton and then Cambridge University. At first he studied Mathematics but then turned his attention to Economics when he was offered the job at the British treasurer after the First World War when the British economy was at pressure. A man who gained a modicum amount of wealth from 1919 to 1938, married Lydia Lopokova in 1926 and passed away on April 21st, 1946.
This was the beginning of many awards in his experiments to come. He was elected to the Royal Society on May 29, 1756. This is probably one of the most influential factors in his work and this is one way that his work was seen by people all over Europe and other parts of the world. Members of the Royal Society had their scientific works published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. (DOSB,129)
...ibutions to analytic geometry, algebra, and calculus. In particular, he discovered the binomial theorem, original methods for expansion of never-ending series, and his “direct and inverse method of fluxions.”
Charles Babbage was born on December 26, 1791. He was one of the four children with the father as Benjamin Babbage and the mother as Betsy Plumleigh Teape, he had two brothers and a sister. His role in modern society was so vast that millions to millions of people today, depend upon his inventions. His great creations include the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine. These machines were the first steps to the beautiful modern computers of the 20th century. Mr. Benjamin Babbage, Charles Babbage’s father, was a very wealthy man due to his career as a banking assistant to Praed’s & Co where he co-founded the union with William Praed. Being this successful, he was able to provide his children with the most preeminent institutions with the finest tutelage. In 1799, when young Charles was about 8, he had a life threatening fever, it was so dangerous that he almost died. His parents were forced to move him to a 30-student private academy and restarted his schooling. The academy proved to play a big part in his creations. The selection of books and resources in the facility inspired him and amplified his love for math. Babbage read numerous volumes and diaries written by Mathematicians and eventually taught himself Algebra. Some even say that he could have taught his many tutors during his time in high school. In October 1810 he enrolled in the College of Holy and Undivided Trinity, Cambridge (or the Trinity College of today). When the talented Charles got there he grew disappointed at the privation of mathematics that the school offered. Soon, out of boredom, he established a club, made up of him and his friends, called the Analytical Society for people who promoted the use of Leibnizian calculus. Diplomacy was not Babbage's forte...
George Boole was well ahead of his time with his mathematical theories and the combination of mathematics and logic. His theories are in use today, a century after his time, and will be in use as the basis of one of the most important machines man has ever built. He was a true genius, and his work has gotten him the deserved title of the father of mathematical logic.
...em. He may have been remembered for more though if he would have only taken the time to write down what he said. However, even if he did write down other theorems I am sure that his secret society would have hid them away along with the documents containing details about the last forty years of his life. This is why Pythagoras is considered to be the foolish genius.
Leonhard Paul Euler was born the son of a pastor on April 15, 1707 in Basel, Switzerland. Soon after he was born, his family moved to Riehen, where Leonhard would spend most of his childhood. Leonhard’s father, Paul, was good friends with the Bernoulli family, whose patriarch, Johann Bernoulli, was then viewed as Europe’s leading mathematician. Bernoulli would eventually become a great influence on Leonhard’s life. When Leonhard was thirteen, he was sent to live with his maternal grandmother in Basel, where he enrolled in the University of Basel and eventually earned his Master’s in Philosophy, and wrote his dissertation comparing the philosophies of Newton and Descartes. Euler was following in his father’s footsteps, studying theology, Greek, and Hebrew, and was determined to become a pastor. However, Johann Bernoulli was convinced Euler was destined to become a great mathematician, and talked Paul Euler into letting his son pursue his own passio...
David Hilbert was a German mathematician who is often considered one of the most influential mathematicians of the 19th and 20th centuries. His works impacted mathematics as well as physics and he contributed his knowledge to many major areas of the math world. Hilbert is known as one of the founders of mathematical logic and proof theory.
Historically speaking, ancient inventors of Greek origin, mathematicians such as Archimedes of Syracuse, and Antiphon the Sophist, were the first to discover the basic elements that translated into what we now understand and have formed into the mathematical branch called calculus. Archimedes used infinite sequences of triangular areas to calculate the area of a parabolic segment, as an example of summation of an infinite series. He also used the Method of Exhaustion, invented by Antiphon, to approximate the area of a circle, as an example of early integration.
In 1831 in Brunswick, Germany, Richard Dedekind was born. He was the youngest of four children. At first Dedekind was pursuing the chemistry and physics, but the logic of physics didn’t make sense to him. So he changed focus to algebra, calculus, and geometry. He made this change at the center of science in Europe, Gottingen where he was going to school for collage. There he became friends and colleagues with a few famous mathematicians, like Gauss and Georg Riemann. Not much is known about why Dedekind decided to change his mind set, but it was probably at Gottingen where he took his first math class with Gauss, another mathematician, as the teacher. 50 years later he said he could still remember the lectures as the most beautiful ones he has heard.
The 17th Century saw Napier, Briggs and others greatly extend the power of mathematics as a calculator science with his discovery of logarithms. Cavalieri made progress towards the calculus with his infinitesimal methods and Descartes added the power of algebraic methods to geometry. Euclid, who lived around 300 BC in Alexandria, first stated his five postulates in his book The Elements that forms the base for all of his later Abu Abd-Allah ibn Musa al’Khwarizmi, was born abo...