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Antoine laurent lavoisier brief biography
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Antoine Lavoisier Biography
Cody Sears
Teacher: Mrs. Kepler
Language Arts
26 february 2014
The chemist I have chosen is Antoine Laurent Lavoisier. As you might know, he was a fabulous chemist. Antoine Lavoisier is famous for formulating the theory of the chemical reactivity of oxygen. He also co-authored the modern system for the nomenclature of chemical substances. I have chosen this chemist because he is not one of those people that boast about all their accomplishments, but his achievements are crucial to science development. Antoine kept his accomplishments to himself. All of his achievements are fascinating to me. In this biography, I will be talking about his background, main accomplishments, and my opinion about his interesting story.
Antoine Lavoisier was born on August 26th, 1743 in Paris, France. When Antoine Lavoisier was 5 years old, his mother passed away. Therefore, he inherited a huge fortune from his family when he was five. With that money, he attended the respected college Mazarin where he specialized in mathematics, botany, astronomy, and chemistry ...
This chemistry book report is focus on a book called “Napoleon's buttons: How 17 molecules changed history” by Penny Le Couteur and Jay Burreson. The publisher of this book is Tarcher Putnam, the book was published in Canada on 2003 with 17 chapters (hey the number match the title of the book!) and a total of 378 pages. The genre of this book is nonfiction. “Napoleon's Buttons” contain a fascinating story of seventeen groups of molecules that have greatly changed the course of history and continuing affect the world we live in today. It also reveal the astonishing chemical connection among some unrelated events, for example: Chemistry caused New Amsterdamers to be renamed New Yorkers and one little accident of detonating cotton apron in a minor housekeeping mishap lead to the development of modern explosives and the founding of the movie industry.
middle of paper ... ... The Web. 22 Feb. 2014. http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history>.
Mary Maynard Daly was born on April 16, 1921 in Corona, Queens and was the daughter of the well-educated Ivan C. Daly and Helen Daly. The Daly’s were well cultured and educated but could not wholly peruse their dreams because of financial complications so Mary Daily took her parents endeavor and turned it into her personal incentive. In addition, Daly’s grandparents contributed a vast role in her road to triumph, by laying down the groundwork of chemistry when she was younger. When Daly visited her grandparents who lived in Washington D.C she was able to read bout scientist and their accomplishments in her grandfather’s diverse and informative library. During her readings at her grandparents’ house, Daly found her science muse, a chemist named Paul De Kruif who made her decision to pursue chemistry as a career assured. Later on Daly married Vincent Clark, in 1961 and decided to move to Florida and unfortunately Daly died in 2003 and the cause of her death was unknown.
Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833. By the age of 17 he was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German. Early in his life he had a huge interest in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics. Alfred's father disliked his interest in poetry and found his son rather introverted. In order to widen Alfred's horizons his father sent him to different institutions for further training in chemical engineering. During a two-year period he visited Sweden, Germany, France and the United States. He came to enjoy Paris the best. There he worked in the private laboratory of Professor T. J. Pelouze, a famous chemist. He also met the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero who, three years earlier, had invented nitroglycerine.
William Scheele’s life was one of humble beginnings. Born on December 19, 1742 he was one of a pack of 11 children. His formal training or education in science was of the bare minimum. By the age of fourteen, a firm by the name of Martin Anders Bauch in Gothenburg had accepted him as an apprentice as a pharmacist. This initial access to various chemicals, compounds, and books gave Wilhelm Scheele just he start he needed for beginning his career into chemistry. When the firm changed hands, Carl Wilhelm Scheele took a job with another company name Kjellström where, once again, he was provided the mean and permission to experiment. Scheele once again changed positions and moved to Stockholm where he continued in a pharmacy. Here his first discoveries were made (http://mattson.creighton.edu/History_Gas_Chemistry/Scheele.html). In 1769 with the help of a man named Anders John Retzius, Scheele isolated tartaric acid, a substance used on lenses, from cream of tartar (Tartaric Acid 1). Scheele made his big break however in 1770. Through various methods, Scheele was able to isolate oxygen. His discovery of “Fire Air� precipitated numerous awards including a membership to the Royal Academy of Sciences, a position never before, and not even to present day to be given to a pharmacist (http://mattson.creighton.edu/History_Gas_Chemistry/Scheele.html). His home town, in an effort to keep him, also found him a place to set up his pharmacy.
The 20th century was filled with advancements in science and technology as chemists rapidly began introducing new techniques and discoveries into the world. Linus Carl Pauling is one of the most well recognized scientists of the 1900’s as his assortment of knowledge spread across many topics of science. Pauling was born in Portland, Oregon where he was forced to begin working at a young age of twelve due to his father’s death when he was merely nine. Although Pauling was often preoccupied with family responsibilities, he quickly realized his interest in the field of science. In 1922 Pauling finished his schooling at Oregon Agricultural College in Corvallis with a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering. To quote a biography written by the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University, Linus was “a remarkable man who insistently addressed certain crucial human problems while pursuing an amazing array of scientific interests, Dr. Pauling was almost as well known to the American public as he was to the world’s scientific community” (n.p., n.d.). It is apparent that Linus Carl Pauling is glorified as one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century, because he had a historical impact in science, an effect on society, and a personal impact on everyone around him.
In the history of chemistry, there was a chemist who left the world with intense debate about his the merits and demerits. He is the world-famous German physical chemist, inventor of ammonia Fritz Haber. The people who praised Haber say he was an angel, bring joy and harvest to mankind. The people whom cursed him say that he is a devil, a disaster for humanity, suffering and death. Haber was born in Silesia Breslau (now Wroclaw, Poland) on December 9, 1868, his father was a knowledgeable and good Jewish businessman, and this family environment impacted his fate with chemistry. Haber was very talented and mastered plenty of chemistry knowledge at a young age. He went to Berlin, Heidelberg, and Zurich to study. After graduating from the University of Jena, Haber was engaged in organic chemistry research. His paper once caused a sensation in the chemical industry. When Haber was 19, he was granted in Germany, the Royal Institute of Technology Ph.D., and in 1896 at Karlsruhe University as a lecturer. 1901 Haber married Clara Immerwahr and in 1906, Haber became professor of physical chemistry and electrochemistry.
Auguste Escoffier was born on October 28, 1846, in the village of Villeneuve-Loubet, France. He was the son of Jean-Baptiste Escoffier and his wife Madeleine Civatte. His father was the villages blacksmith, farrier, locksmith, and maker of agricultural tools. Escoffier's childhood dream was to become a sculptor. Unfortunately he was forced to give up that dream at the age of thirteen, just after he celebrated his first Holy Communion Escoffier was told he was going to be a cook.
A master and maker in many fields, Linus Pauling lived a very long and productive life spanning nearly the entire twentieth century. By the time he was in his twenties, he had made a name for himself as a scientist. After many significant contributions including his work on the nature of the chemical bond, he turned to chemical biology and is generally accepted as the founder of molecular biology. Later in his life he became very involved in issues of politics and peace for which he is somewhat less well known. In his later years, he became interested in health and medicine and specifically in the use of vitamin C to prevent ailments from the common cold to cancer.
Laplace was the child of a worker agriculturist. At a young age, he immediately demonstrated his scientific capacity at the military foundation in Beaumont. In 1766 Laplace entered the University of Caen, yet he cleared out for Paris the following year, without taking a degree. He touched base with a letter of proposal to the mathematician Jean d'Alembert, who helped him secure a residency at the École Militaire, where he educated from 1769 to 1776.
1. Brown, Theodore L., H. Eugene LeMay Jr., Bruce E. Bursten. Chemistry: The Central Science. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2000.
Sir Alexander Fleming changed the world of medicine not only in his days but also in the world today. We have the medicines and antibiotics that we have today because of Alexander Fleming. His discovery was much needed in the world and I hate to think where we would be in the medicine world if he hadn’t discovered penicillin.
A highly recognized character in the areas of chemistry was Ernest Rutherford. His distinctive ideas created discoveries and theories that made him famous, up to a point that he's even being considered the father of nuclear physics, not an everyday title. Nowadays we know of certain types of rays thanks to Edward, even though he basically named them. A sturdy example would be the gamma rays, that are used in therapeutic machines. Ernest basically implanted a seed in science which later developed into massive discoveries.
Augustin-Louis Cauchy was French mathematician born on August 21, 1789 and died on May 23, 1857. Lagrange, another famous mathematician, was no stranger to the Cauchy family. Using Lagrange’s advice, Augustin-Louis Cauchy enrolled at the Ecole Centrale du Pantheon. This school was the best secondary school of Paris at the time. The curriculum of the school was mostly classical languages. Cauchy was a very young and ambitious student and also very brilliant. As he went through school he won many prizes in Latin and Humanities. Despite his many successes, Augustin-Louis decided to proceed his life and pursue an engineering career. He then prepared himself for the entrance examination to the École Polytechnique.
Jean Baptiste Lamarck was born on August 1, 1744, in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in France. He was the youngest of eleven children in a family with a tradition of military service; his father and several of his brothers were soldiers. He served in the military during the Seven Years War and, at the age of only 17, was awarded for bravery for his actions on the battlefield. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck became the Chevalier de Lamarck, or Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, the name he was known by. Later, when Lamarck retired injured, he took natural history. He first studied botany under the naturalist Bernard de Jussieu. The product of this ten-year period of research was Lamarck's Flore françoise, a book on the plant life of France that brought its author into the front rank of French naturalists.