Biogas can be used as vehicle fuel when it has been cleaned. The biogas cleaning consists of water (H2o) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) that lead to separation of carbon dioxide from normal biogas (60 % Methane and 40% Carbon dioxide) content (Petersson & Wellinger, 2009). Biogas production from energy crops like maize, ley and sugar beet is the efficient resource compare with bioethanol fuel because it provides high energy yield (Börjesson, & Mattiasson, 2008). Biogas produced through the different organic material such as agriculture residues, animal manure, and municipal organic waste etc. if this organic matter is not properly treated, it can be caused by GHG emission. In Pakistan, there is not properly system for collecting the urban organic waste due to lack of capital and transport facilities which is a big threat to the local and global environment. Natural …show more content…
By installing 5m3 biogas plants, a rural area can save 5150PKR monthly in Pakistan (Abbas, 2012). Biogas production needs less capital investment per unit cost compare with renewable energy sources i.e. the wind, hydro and solar etc. in small scale. In Pakistan, electricity is the most expensive and natural gas the cheapest way for cooking. The domestic biogas plants generate 5 to 7 times more expensive energy as comparatively natural gas. However, there is no doubt that natural gas cheapest sources but it are not available everywhere in the country. The government provides a 25 % subsidy to install biogas plants, in rural areas where is limited access to other energy sources in overcoming energy crisis. The Pakistan Council for Renewable Energy Technology granted Rs 89.2 million PKR for promoting the biogas technology to meet the energy demand in rural areas and the production of bio-fertilizer (Abbas,
There is a lot of talk about the world’s source of energy going on these days and people are starting to ask questions about our sources of energy. Is it environmentally friendly? Does it make sense economically? For years the world has been highly dependent on fossil fuels that are extracted from the ground. These fuels power things from power plants, cars, plains, and many of the other modern conveniences that we enjoy. There is a lot of energy expended in the extraction and transport of these fuels as well as many negative environmental impacts. Scientists are busy finding alternative ways to power our world that are cost efficient and ecofriendly. One idea that is being explored as an effective replacement is producing oil from algae. Algae have a high content of oil, about 50 percent of its weight, and science is finding a way to use it as a clean fuel source.
Biodiesel is considered an environmentally friendly alternative because it reduces the amount many toxic substances. Plants such as soybeans require carbon dioxide from the air to produce their stems, roots and leaves. During biodiesel production from soybean oil, carbon dioxide is produced and released in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is considered a green house gas (GHG). However, this cycle of GHG emission does not neccersarily contribute to the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This is because the next soybean crop will reuse the carbon dioxide emitted for its growth. Another important environmental benefit is that biodiesel reduces particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. These benefits occur because biodiesel contains 11% oxygen by weight. Oxygen allows the fuel to burn better, resulting in fewer emissions from unburned fuel. And lastly, biodiesel fuels do not contain any sulfur and does not have an unpleasant smell when it is emitted from vehicles.
There are many different types of alternative fuels. Ethanol is derived domestically from corn and other crops it creates less greenhouse gas emissions than conventional fuels. (fueleconomy.gov) Bio diesel is produced from oils which are from vegetables also some animal fats; it will most likely create less air pollutants than petroleum based fuels do in the environment. (fueleconomy.gov) Natural Gas is a fossil fuel that produces less air pollutants and greenhouse gases than most other fuels do. (fueleconomy.gov) “Hydrogen may be produced domestically from fossil fuels such as coal, nuclear power, or other things like renewable resources, such as hydro power; fuel cell vehicles which are powered by pure hydrogen do not tend to create any harmful pollutants in the environment.
The dumped food waste breaks down in landfill along with other organic materials and generates a greenhouse gas methane , which is 25 times stronger than carbon dioxide.[5] Approximately 23% of Australia’s total greenhouse gas emissions is due to the existing food supply system in Australia[6] Wasting food has direct impact on water, energy and other natural resources. For example, throwing out a kilogram of beef wastes 50,000 litres, white rice wastes 1,550 litres and potatoes wastes 500 litres of water.[7]
Among various options available for bio-energy, bio-diesel, bio-ethanol and biomass gasification are three major options, which have huge potential in India to develop as energy sources and where investments made would be economical. The objective of this Business Plan is to review the option of electricity generation through the use of biomass energy.
...ch is used to replace natural gas. He also stated that, among the equipment used to burn the biofuel, the suspension burner have the ability to exceed 99% efficiency and whole-tree burner can reduce the cost of harvesting and handling woody fuels by about 35% (Brown, 2003). Moreover, the usage of bio-energy in long term is to provide a degree of ecological balance and climate change, avoid acid rain, reduce soil erosion and minimize water pollution (Gevorkian, 2007). Therefore, biomass is environmental friendly like solar energy. Based on the research that has been carried out regarding the synthesis of gas from biomass, the gas gasifies in the internal combustion engine. The relative energy density of synthesis gas is higher than the fossil fuel under certain conditions. In addition, the relative flame speed of synthesis gas can reduce the time for spark ignition.
Waste incineration units produce a lot of carbon dioxide gas approximately around one third of the greenhouse gasses. It also impacts people’s health as they get exposed to the toxic emissions by breathing in the air or consuming contaminated food and water. Additionally, when the garbage gets burnt by the incinerators they end up as ashes which are then emitted from the chimneys, including the toxic materials and end up in specialist landfill sites for hazardous waste.
An important sustainability issue of the present growth pattern in Pakistan is the energy constraint.
Gasification products can be divided in fuel gases and non-fuel gases. The fuel gas (mixture of Carbon monoxide, Hydrogen and traces of Methane) is called producer gas. In particular, section 2.2 focuses on the non-fuel gases such as Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, some hydrocarbons and water steam which cannot be utilized for combustion. Table 1 shows that according to the gasifier system and the gasifier agent, the biogas composition
In the present techno-economic era, the energy and environmental crises developed due to huge amount of cellulosic materials disposed as “waste”. Globally, the estimated quantity of the waste generation was 12 billion tons in a year 2002 of which 11 billion tons were industrial wastes and 1.6 billion tons were municipal solid waste. About 90 billion tons solid wastes will expected to be generated annually by the year 2025. Annually, Asia alone generates 4.4 billion tons of solid wastes and municipal solid waste comprises 790 million tons of which about 48 million tons are generated in India.
The purpose of this project was to determine if algae would produce more energy than sunflower oil and canola oil. The hypothesis was that algae would produce more energy. The type of algae that was used for the experiment was chlorella. The project experiment involved growing algae in water which was placed under a carbon dioxide tank. The algae required a 12 hour light cycle per day to grow efficiently. Once grown, the algae was placed into a bomb calorimeter to measure the amount of heat energy it produces. Since there wasn’t a high quantity of algae, it was mixed in with sunflower oil. Subsequently, the sunflower oil and canola oil were also tested in the bomb calorimeter to measure the amount of heat energy they generate. The algae produced - 56.2670 kJ/g compared to sunflower oil producing -36.5578 kJ/g and canola oil producing -3.4893 kJ/g in the bomb calorimeter. This result confirms that the algae produces more than sunflower oil and canola oil.
Energy is an important development indicator, which provides vital inputs for survival and economic development. Energy supply and consumption is still in a traditional state in Nepal. At present, renewable energy generation capability of the country is still significantly very low due to technological and economical barriers. But the average efficiency of the renewable energy technologies is good in performance and also environmentally safe. Nepal is fully dependent on traditional energy sources such as biomass. For commercial purpose the country is reliant on imported fossil fuels like petrol, diesel, kerosene and LPG for running vehicles, stationary engines, boilers, cooking, lighting etc. Heavy dependence for energy on biomass resources has accelerated the depletion of natural resources and contributed to the degradation of natural environment. The country spends about 40 percent of it’s foreign currency reserve on the import of petroleum products. On the other hand, the country’s vast resource of renewable hydropower energy remains virtually unexploited.
Food waste is huge issue these days. It is a huge amount of waste that ends up in landfills and can have lasting effects on the environment. One of major issues of food waste is the greenhouse gases that it produces. Methane gas is the main culprit when it comes to the gases being released. This can absorb infrared radiation and heat up the earth’s atmosphere and cause climate change. Another issue that food waste causes is, water loss due to use for production of fruits and vegetables.
The concept of this essay is to stress that biofuels are a viable and sustainable energy source than fossil fuels, showing its advantages but not ignoring its disadvantages which also enlightens us about the cleaner and renewable natural resources. Biofuels is an alternative source of energy which can end the global dependence on fossil fuels.
Pakistan is facing energy crises due to increase in demand, a poor management and lack of investment in our energy resources. Our energy needs depends upon oil and gas. We have to import about 30% energy in the form of crude oil, coal, LPG etc. [5]