Methods
Introduction
In any research work, a methodology is applied to attain the objective of the reach thesis. A methodology is detailed description that shows the plan of addressing the research questions. It includes a description and number of subjects applied along with a step-by-step explanation of all procedures a researcher will use. Research methodology includes the systematic theoretical analysis that comprises of techniques applied in a research study. Additionally, methodology incorporates concepts and frameworks such as theoretical model, phases, paradigm, and quantitative or qualitative techniques (Berg, 2009.
Compared with research methods, a methodology fails to offer any solution; instead, it delivers a theoretical underpinning
…show more content…
The study design was done in a manner that ensures a good fit with the thesis objective. The design will describe how the variables are measured or manipulated with and without consumption of creatine.
The Beep Test also referred to as the multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) involves a series of steps used to estimate the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) of an athlete (Léger, 1988). In our case, collegiate soccer players of average age of 20- 25 years were tested using the beep test before and during consumption of creatine. Physical fitness, cardiovascular fitness, and general well being that makes an individual to perform sport activities and exercises without undue fatigue are the main variables observed in the design.
The test procedures required several instruments such as meter tape measure, making cones, recording sheets, Tape recorder, The Multi-Stage Fitness Test CD and an assistant (Leger & Lambert, 1982). To conduct the test a sample of 8 players were required.
- The players consume 6oz of either water with or without creatine and the participants are given a small container filled a pill of
…show more content…
- Normally, if the athlete reaches at the end of a shuttle before the beep, they must wait for the beep and then recommence running. In my study, four of the athlete did the same.
- Three of the athlete failed to arrive the end of the shuttle earlier the beep. However, they were given 3 more shuttles to attempt to recover the required speed before being withdrawn
- The assistant records the level and number of shuttles finished at that level by each player when they were withdrawn
I conducted the assessment to record the result. The formula used in this test was based on the equation invented by Kilding et.al (2006) through applying the MSFT table.
VO2 max (mL/kg/min) = 0.38 x total number of shuttles completed + 25.98
VO2 max normative data tables were adopted to analyse the VO2 max score. The results found out that two out of the seven players had the highest maximum oxygen uptake. This is because they experienced less fatigue during the test due to the muscle strength and lower limb muscle power influenced by the use of Creatine supplementation (Wood, 2016). The amount of creatine used by the athlete to increase the muscle strength was 9-25 grams. This implies during the test, the athlete had also consumed the same amount range of creatine. So concluding, the results that giving creatine to playes doesn’t reduce the
For many years, the world’s foremost studies of creatine and its effect on athletic performance were carried out in secrecy by communist Eastern-bloc countries. But after the fall of Communism, the training and experimental drugs used on Soviet and East German Olympic athletes was revealed. Aside from exposing the truth about illegal anabolic steroid use, there was the discovery of a "vitamin" called creatine, which was quickly introduced to the U.S. and marketed as an ergogenic, or energy-enhancing supplement.
Bill Romanowski, Shannon Sharpe, and Mark McGwire, are just a few of the professional athletes that use and endorse fitness supplements such as Androstendione, Creatine, and other products. Every on camera interview that you see Shannon Sharpe he is wearing an EAS mock turtleneck. EAS is one of the leading manufacturers of Creatine and other supplements. The hottest supplement in Hollywood is Ephedrine; an herbal based drug designed to increase fat loss. Why do so many athletes use supplements? Who is using the supplements? How can I get supplements? Those are a few of the questions I have tried to answer in this report. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to educate. To educate not only the athletes using the supplements such as Creatine and Ephedrine but to also educate the governing bodies of collegiate sports. Answers were sought to the following questions: 1. Who is using Creatine and/or Ephedrine based products? 2. Why are they using supplements? 3. Are these products easily available? 4. Should the NCAA increase regulations on supplemental usage? Methods and procedures used to formulate this report I used primary and secondary research methods. I used the Internet as a focal point for my research. There were many sites devoted strictly to supplement usage and education on subjects related to the supplements, Creatine and Ephedrine. I also used muscle magazines and books for research. For primary research I gave forty questionnaires (see appendix 2) to twenty women and twenty men from Husson College.
Stout, J., Eckerson, J., Noonan, M. S., Moore, G., & Cullen, D. (1999). Effects of 8 weeks of creatine supplementation on exercise performance and fat-free weight in football players during training. Nutrition Research, 19, 217-225.
Controversy has surrounded creatine every since it has hit the shelves. Creatine is already produced by our bodies in the liver and kidneys. However, a frequently asked question is: why do we need to take more? The purpose of creatine is to add water weight. When taking the supplement it takes away the water absorbed by our muscles which makes us have to drink even more water. However, when an individual is taking creatine it has to be regulated properly. If too much of the supplement is taken more harm can be done than good. According to Stuart Young, an individual needs to drink a bare minimum of a gallon of water per day to avoid adding harm to our bodies. Young also mentions how too much
Throughout this essay five points have been presented which highlighted what Erythropoietin is, how it works, what its benefits are compared to its potential side effects and its overall use in professional sport. Its function as a red blood cell producer and regulator are essential to ensure that our muscles, organs and brain have enough oxygen and nutrients flowing into it at all times. The invention of an artificial version of Erythropoietin has ensured a viable treatment for some conditions but has also opened up the possibly of unethical use in sports. The health risks incurred with use of r-HuEPO especially in the long term mean that its risks far outweigh any minor perceived benefit for athletes and as such should only be used for prescribed medical reasons.
Works Cited “Actions and Effects of Creatine.” 2003. CourseworkBank.co.uk - CourseworkBank.co.uk. 5 October 2004. http://www.courseworkbank.co.uk/coursework/actions_effects_creatine_2931/>.
Each year athlete’s ability to perform seems to increase by leaps and bounds. Some reasons for this can be attributed to better training methods, better conditioning techniques, and better over all health of the athlete. While most situations involve one or more of the previously scenarios, some athletes always seem to take it to a step further. They engage in a process called blood doping. This procedure does increase physical performance and athletic ability, but potentially may do more harm than good.
Creatine has been used in sports throughout time. Athletes have always had a fascination with being excellent at what they do. With the banning of steroids from competitive sports and the implementation of random drug testing in most sports, most athletes are still somehow hoping to gain an edge on their competition. This edge that they are using is creatine.
Abstract: Since the beginning of sports competition, athletes have always looked for some kind of an edge over their competitors. They will do whatever it takes to be one of the elite and that includes injecting supplements into their bodies to make them bigger, stronger, and faster. Steroid use is probably one of the most common drug misuses in sports competition. Athletes found that with anabolic steroids one could become a better athlete twice as fast. Not until 1975 was the drug first banned from Olympic competition because of the health risks it produced. Shortly thereafter, the rest of the sports world did not allow anabolic steroids as well. With the use of steroids no longer permitted athletes began to look for other alternatives. On the rise is two substances called creatine and androstenedione, both of which are sold over the counter. These two performance enhancers have only had minimal testing done on them, excluding the long-term effects, simply because they haven't been around long enough. Creatine and androstenedione have been said to produce results like steroids without the side effects. The truth is they do produce side effects and irregular muscle growth. By banning the use of performance enhancing drugs, just like steroids, sports competition will have a much healthier and fairer environment to participate in.
A proposal to improve the design is examining the results versus pre-trial caffeine use. Would individuals who habitually use caffeine have the same performance enhancement as those who occasionally
Swimming World. April 1998; 39(4): 16-17. Mujika, I. and Padilla, S. "Creatine Supplementation as an Ergogenic Aid for Sports Performance in Highly Trained Athletes: A Critical Review." International Journal of Sports Medicine. October 1997; 18(7): 491-496.
So if you want to have the maximum effect of the creatine should avoid caffeine before and during exercise. A natural substance Creatine is produced by the body itself, in the liver, but not in particular large amount (about 1 g / day). In addition, you also get creatine in the diet, when eating meat and fish. The content of creatine for 1 kg of raw meat can be between 2-6 g. This amount will be less if the meat is heated during cooking.
Doping is a practice that has been going on since the time of "ancient Greek athletes, who supposedly ate herbs, sesame seeds, dried figs, and mushrooms for this purpose" (Hoberman, 1992, 104). Likewise, athletes have readily consumed such drugs as caffeine and alcohol to improve performa...
Striating from the research idea to the culmination of the findings, the research process entails many segments, all of which are imperative. By choosing the research methodology, the researchers can formulate the path to be used in conducting the study and reporting the findings. The methodology helps in the search of literature, development of research questions and the creation of the most suitable study design. It also assists in the interpretation of the results and the publication of the findings in journals.
Every research study should describe the methods used for collecting, analysing and interpreting data. Research methodology is a systematic solving of the research problem and includes all the tools and methods used in the research process.