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Racism in academic literature
Environmental effects on personality development
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We are born clean, with the best of the feelings "love," watching with a look of illusion, eventful life. Over time the society, culture and our own experiences pollute our life, influencing the way we think. In the short story “Going to Meet the Man” by James Baldwin, tells the story of Jesses an impotent white sheriff, whose one night his arousal awakened when he remembered the day his father took him to watch the torture and murder of a black man, at the age of eight. “Going to Meet the Man” demonstrates how humans are not born racist and evil, but it behavior and thought develops after significant childhood events. Jesses was an evil man, full of loathing and disgust against the blacks, but Jesses had not always felt that aversion for black. He used to have a black friend, Otis. When he commented the strange disappear of Otis, his father replied, “No, I reckon Otis’s folks was afraid to let him show himself this morning” (Baldwin, p. 1756) Jesses replied that Otis is too small to do something. When kids grow up, they learn the meaning of good and bad actions. As the father stat...
When the people laugh at these kids, they are exemplifying an implicit social view of the African Americans: it’s one of contemptuous amusement for the people on the bus. James plays into this negative view of African Americans by pretending to hit her and having the people laugh at them again when the girl ducks down beside her mother (232). This exchange shows how conscious James is of what White people think of him, e.g., “ I look toward the front where all the white people
The life of Bigger Thomas in Richard Wright's Native Son is not one with which most of us can relate. It is marked by excessive violence, oppression, and a lack of hope for the future. Despite this difference from my own life and the lives of my privileged classmates, I would argue that Bigger's experience is somewhat universal, His is not a unique, individual experience, but rather one that is representative of the world of a young black man. If Bigger were alive today, perhaps he would be a “Gangsta Rapper” and express his rage through music instead of violence.
The assumption that black people have lesser moral values and have a greater inclination towards violence is not new. According to Herman Gray, “Blackness was constructed along a continuum ranging from menace on one end to immortality on the other, with irresponsibility located somewhere in the middle.” (Gray) T...
This concept of hatred spreads past, even the bounds of individuality. Notably, this collective hatred shows in the moment the mob comes by the Jailhouse to lynch Tom Robinson, for a crime that he has not even been found guilty of by a court. This attitude and contempt stemming from the collective hatred of the mob. This proves itself to be more true when looking at the definition of the collective unconscious, which “is a level of unconscious shared with other members of the human species comprising latent memories from our ancestral and evolutionary past.”(McLeod). The men who are coming by to lynch Tom are doing so because he is not like them. He is black. In the end, it takes a little girl to calm them. Atticus says “That proves something—that a gang of wild animals can be stopped, simply because they’re still human.”(Lee 210). Their rage and anger directed collectively towards Tom Robinson is only quelled by remembering their own individual humanity. This scene incorporates the sense of bigotry that encompasses the whole mob, while having it quelled by the aspect of enlightenment through the understanding of an individual’s humanity. Ultimately this illustrates the inherent ability to grow out of groupthink and into an individual understanding and power for goodness.
James Baldwin, an African American author born in Harlem, was raised by his violent step-father, David. His father was a lay preacher who hated whites and felt that all whites would be judged as they deserve by a vengeful God. Usually, the father's anger was directed toward his son through violence. Baldwin's history, in part, aids him in his insight of racism within the family. He understands that racists are not born, but rather racist attitudes and behaviors are learned in the early stages of childhood. Baldwin's Going to Meet the Man is a perfect example of his capability to analyze the growth of a innocent child to a racist.
Because of the thirst of superiority whites had, they wanted to restructure the behaviors of blacks in ways that would make them behave inferior. This was aided by the Jim Crow Laws enacted during the Jim Crow period. “The Ethics of Living Jim Crow” in Uncle Tom’s Children explains how the natural behaviors of blacks were affected by Jim Crow laws. Wright explains how these laws affected him personally. Right from his childhood, blacks have been restricted from having anything to do with whites. Black children were brought up in ways that would make them scared of the whites. This continued even in his adulthood. Only few blacks were fortunate to work in places where whites were, but they were always treated badly. Wright got a job in an optical company, where he worked alongside two whites, Mr. Morrie and Mr. Pease. When Wright asked both of his coworkers Mr. Morrie and Mr. Pease to tell him about the work, they turned against him. One day Mr. Morrie told Mr. Pease that Richard referred to him as "Pease," so they queried him. Because he was trapped between calling one white man a liar and having referred to the other without saying "Mr." Wright promised that he would leave the factory. They warned him, while he was leaving, that he should not tell the boss about it. Blacks were made to live and grow up under conditions that made them regard whites as superior. Whites also used blacks’ natural behaviors against them by sexually abusing them. It is natural for people to have sex, but if they forced or abused sexually this means that their natural behavior is being used against them because sexual abuse is not natural. Sarah, in “Long Black Song,” is an example of a black female that was sexually abused by whites. Sarah was married and had a child but when the white man came to her house he did not hesitate to have sex with her. She resisted him initially
Ellison’s narrator states that he has “been hurt to the point of abysmal pain, hurt to the point of invisibility. And [he defends] because in spite of all [he finds] find that [he loves]. ... [He’s] a desperate man – but too much of your life will be lost, its meaning lost, unless you approach it as much through love as through hate. So [he approaches] it through division” (Ellison 567). The narrator articulately uses paradoxes to enthrall the reader in this segment of his epilogue. Still, the contradiction apparent between the narrator’s emotions is entirely possible, as there is no reason that both love and hate cannot coexist in an individual. The speaker, a bona-fide invisible man, despite all the hardship he has faced, still describes his story with some love. The idea of balance is brought into the equation, something that Ellison has seldom told of in the story, a friendly contrast to the rest of the novel’s stark unfairness and disparity. In the end, our storyteller finds that despite the hate thrust upon him, he feels compelled to love just as equally if not more. This gives a positive light to human nature, while suggesting that the antagonistic race of the novel, Caucasians, will ultimately feel that emotion as well and reconcile with African Americans. That’s a message that finally found its way into the minds of the American
Paul D, a man who was a slave with Sethe, came to visit her once they had both been set free. They fell in love with each other but Paul D’s self defense strategy was, “to love just a little bit; everything just a little bit, so when they broke its back, or shoved it in a croker sack, well, maybe you’d have a little left over” (Morrison, 1987, p. 45). The impact that slavery had left on him led to him picking up his stuff and leaving for good when something went wrong. Paul D felt that he never had a chance at pure happiness because everything decent that came into his life was always snatched away, which told him he was never good enough. This destroyed him on the inside and kept him on the run, constantly searching for a life that did not exist. In Absalom, Absalom, Thomas Sutpen had a child with a woman that he was in love with. Soon after this, he discovered that the woman was partially African and he denounced his son and the mother and ran away. His life could have been incredible if he had not been worried about the race of the lady, but he looked down upon anyone of a different race. Quentin, one of the narrators, describes Sutpen’s reasoning by stating that, “the brain recalls just what the muscles grope for: no more, no less; and its resultant sum is usually incorrect and false” (Faulkner, p. 134). What a person has been raised up
1. As we can see on page 37, when Lewis was very young, his Uncle Otis had an important effect on his life. It was showed through his “devotion to schoolwork” and general action. In my opinion, Uncle Otis saw that young Lewis had some qualities of a preacher. His appearance was so serious; Lewis often wore a tie even though some grownups teased him about that. Clearly, he was quite earnest when beginning to grow
The short stories 'The Lottery' and 'The Possibility of Evil' by Shirley Jackson expose the wickedness of human nature. Shirley Jackson displays that human beings have immorality lurking within them, and that immorality is a driving force that causes people to find enjoyment and pleasure out of the evil and horrid things found in life. Shirley Jackson shows evil in a way that most readers wouldn't expect. The evil in her stories do not come from a super villain; the evil portrayed in her stories lie within all her characters. Her writing implies that everyone is capable of acting evil; it is a part of human nature.
The phenomenon of evil is a complicated and relative idea. Opinions vary regarding this topic. Evil can be attributes one is born with; perhaps interpreted as mental illness or a misunderstanding of acceptable behavior and reasoning resulting in an evil act or practice. It may also be traits learned or commonly accepted in a particular society that a third person perspective may not acknowledge or agree with. These ideas being considered may attribute to one carrying out or practicing acts of evil. Although there are many aspects on this subject to potentially debate, a couple in particular will be addressed utilizing what is known of two authors; Edgar Allen Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, employing their literary works, “The Cask of Amontillado” and “Young Goodman Brown,” it can be concluded that people are susceptible to evil and/or evil acts for a myriad of reasons. This conclusion is based independently on these two stories as they were expressed during their time.
The trial of Tom Robinson opened many doors for Harper Lee to confront the issue of racial discrimination. Atticus makes it clear that Mr. Robinson has no chance of winning the trial because no man sitting on that jury has the courage to side with a Negro instead of a white man. “And so a quiet, respectable, humble Negro who had the unmitigated temerity to ‘feel sorry’ for a white woman has had to put his word against two white people’s.” Harper Lee uses Atticus’s willingness to confront the elephant in the room to clarify the message she is trying to convey.
Prejudice is like a poison, it infects everything it touches. It can drive a white man and a black man to hate each other because their skins are different colours. In Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird, the town of Maycomb is plagued with prejudice against Tom Robinson and Boo Radley. The evidence in the text shows and implies how this prejudice dominates the thoughts of Maycomb’s citizens.
There are many evil people in this world. They are evil because that is how we view them. The country that is being attacked by a terrorist views the terrorist as evil, whereas the country that the terrorist is from views the terrorist as a hero. There are few people that are truly evil. To be truly evil everyone must agree that the person is evil. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Roger Chillingworth is truly evil.
Satan, is red, has a pitch fork, pointed tail and horns. Ask a child to represent evil and this is likely one answer received. Discussions of good and evil often revolve around highly honed perceptions of good versus evil. “Good and evil are not figments of the mind or the subjective creations of men; they are inherent in creation.” (Kinneging 256) Concepts of good and evil conform to absolute perception in western cultural philosophy. Buddhist philosophy has a different perception concerning good and evil.