Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. There are a number of significant approaches that underpin the practice of health promotion. Tannahill (1996) postulated that all approaches are interrelated, but individually seen; they reflect distinctive ways of looking or approaches health issues. These models includes medical, education, behaviour change, empowerment and social change. The models that connect these approaches are Becker (1994), Claplan and Holland’s (1990), Beattie (1991), Tannahill Downie et al (1996) and Tones, Tones and Tilford (1994). Becker Model(1994) health promotion models( HBM) is Centre around five basic assumptions: that for a person to take preventative
action against a disease, they must feel susceptible on a personal basis to the disease itself, feel that such a disease would have severe enough effects on them; feel that preventative benefits would be worthwhile in reducing the risk of acquiring the disease and think that external barriers such as pain, inconvenience, social embarrassment or financial difficulties would be less than contracting the disease. Since these factors, it is thought, an individual's behaviour towards their own health can be predicted and so legislated for. As Brannon and Feist asserts this model equates, in some sense at least, to common sense: "When people perceive that they are susceptible to a severe illness and can benefit from their ability to overcome barriers to good health, they should be guided by their own self-interest and actively seek health care" (Brannon and Feist, 2004: 47). Hence, numerous government health promotion leaflets in reduce health risk can be linked to medical model of health promotion. In considering government strategies in controlling smoking, the government have used anti-smoking campaign to discourage the public from smoking; used public policies such as ‘No Smoking in public places such as restaurants, inside public transport etc, and No selling cigarette for underage young people. As usual, taxation and fiscal policy have been tough on smokers with increase on the cigarette tax on tobacco industries that result into increase in cigarette prices. In this case, Caplan and Holland (1990) health promotion model was based on radical humanist on holistic view of health that concern subjective on empowerment approach so that smokers could make decision on when to quit smoking or changing to E-cigarette that raise consciousness of smokers to quit an increase smoking cessation. In Beattie (1991) health promotion model is modes of intervention to persuade or encourage individual smoker to adopt healthier lifestyle through promotion activities such as provision of information on behavioural changes, more education and using social media to promote harmful effects of smoking that lead to lung disease, ulcer, heart cancer, impotence and other health conditions. In Tannahill’s model of health promotion, Downie et al 1990 considered the preventive services such as immunization, cervical screening, hypertension case finding, developmental surveillance, use of nicotine and use of chewing gum to aid smoking cessation to encourage smokers to quit smoking or using alternative ways of engaging mouth with chewing gum etc.
Tannahill, A., Tannahill, C., & Downie, R. S. (1999) Health Promotion. Models and Values. Oxford University Press.
As a result of urbanization and improving living status, the prevalence of obesity increased at an alarming level and it considered a major health problem (AlNohair 2014). Adult from twenty to forty years were the focus of health promotion activities in this assignment to reduce the risk of obesity. HP interventions focused on empowering the adult population to develop their own healthy choices regarding healthy food. It has a major role in enhancing the health condition of adults with high risk of obesity through implementing Tannahill’s model. Tannahill’s model used to guide, structure health promotion activities, nurses are responsible to provide health promotion through implementing of this model and use health education, prevention and
The health belief model (HBM) is a psychosocial model that was developed during the 1950’s by social psychologists of the U.S public health services, and this model was used to explain why people failed to participate in disease prevention and detection programs. The theory is one of the most health behavior theories, which is used to explain behavior change and maintenances, but often times used to predict behavior outcome (Glanze, Rimer, & Lewis, 2002).
Richmond, K. and Germov, J., 2009. Sociology of Health Promotion. In: Germov, ed. An Introduction to Health Sociology. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, pp. 476-499.
Health promotion is a multifaceted movement with a core value on respect, empowerment, equity, inclusion and social justice (MacDougall 2002). Aims to achieve holistic health, while it is influenced by medical and social determinants. These determinants which aids to deter...
Whitehead, D., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, J., Sun, Z., & Xie, C. (2008). Health promotion and health education practice: nurses' perceptions. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61(2), 181-187.
To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. Therefore, health promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector, but goes beyond healthy life-styles to wellbeing. Health promotion goes beyond health care. It puts health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors and at all levels. It directs policy makers to be aware of the health consequences of their decisions and accept their responsibilities for
Not ever before has health promotion been more vital than it is today. Health promotion is defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. It travels beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a widespread range of social and environmental interventions. Health promotion is the fundamental center of nursing practice and research. Nursing activities frequently involve assessment of individuals, families and communities and planning, implementing, and evaluating intervention programs. In the healthcare setting nurses use a technique known as evidence-based practicing. This helps the nurse understand through facts what should be done and exactly how it should be done when it comes to promoting
Cohen, B. (2012). Population health promotion models and strategies. In L. Stamler & L. Yiu
As a strategy focused on improving the health of public and promotes health investment, and helping individuals learn and use health-enhancing skills (Ewles & Simnett, 2010), health education also encourages and enhances behaviour change when supported by healthy public policies that brings meaningful and sustainable change in the health of individuals, family and communities (Sorensen et al., 2012). While health education is directed at building both individuals’ capacities and providing environmental supports through empowerment (Crisp, Taylor, Douglas, & Rebeiro, 2012), WHO’s studies reveals health education is not only concerned with the dissemination of health-related information but encompasses an essential action to promote health and prevent disease and to foster the motivation, skills and confidence (self–efficacy) necessary to take action to improve health, as well as the communication of information concerning underlying social, economic and environmental condition impacting on health (WHO,
Health promotion includes providing activities that improve a person’s health. These activities assist patients to “maintain or enhance their present levels of health. Health promotion activities motivate people to act positively to reach more stable levels of health” (Potter & Perry, 2005, p. 97). In order for nurses to assist patients in obtaining healthy lifestyles, they must first assess a patient’s perception of health. The World Health Organization defines health as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (as cited in Potter & Perry, 2005, p. 91). There are many nursing theories that are based on an individual’s perception of health. This paper will explore how health promotion theories can assist nurses in understanding how these perceptions can affect a person’s lifestyle choices.
The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the first theories of health behavior. It was developed in the 1950s by social psychologists in the U.S. Public Health Services to better understand the widespread failure of tuberculosis screening programs. Today it continues to be one of the most widely used theories. Research studies use it to explain and predict health behaviors seen in individuals. There is a broad range of health behaviors and subject populations that it is applied in. The concepts in the model involve perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals being studied create an understanding of their readiness to act on a health/behavioral factor based on their particular opinions on selected conditions. Several modifying factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or level of education, etc. can determine one’s opinion on their perceived threat of obtaining a disease such as lung cancer based on the severity of the triggers causing the illness. Their likelihood to change an opinion or behavior depends on their perceived benefits or certain barriers that may be out of their control. Interventions can be used to promote health behavior changes and aid in persuading or increasing awareness on a particular issue.
Health promotion is the process of improving health status of a person and prevention of disease by enabling the person to take control of their health. It is not just the absence of disease (Maben, & Clark, 1995). Health promotion is commonly used term in health care world, and in current society the promotion of health has greater significance, especially with the rise in consumerism. Health promotion is a vital concept for nursing, symbolizing notions that nursing is related today. Nurses are being urged to take a health promotion role, and are deemed by others as an ideal role for them. It is therefore crucial that nurses cognize the meaning of health promotion and also what is expected from them by undertaking this
Edelman, C. L., & Mandle, C. L. (2010). Health promotion throughout the lifespan. (7th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier.
To answer my questions I looked to my clinical instructor and other resources such as course literature. From these resources, I learned that the purpose of health promotion is to move individuals, groups, and communities closer to optimal well being by educating (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008). Prior to this I thought it also involved preventing illness, but health promotion does not focus on this. Examples of health promotion programs include health education demonstrations, supporting smoke-free environments, encouraging physical fitness, general wellness, smoking cessation, exercise and physical conditioning, weight control, stress management, nutritional awareness, and work safety (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008). In my research I also found that altering personal habits, lifestyle, and environment have a lot to do with promoting