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Trauma essays
Literature in post - wwii
Literary criticism postmodern
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The novel, The Bluest Eye, written by Toni Morrison is about a year in the life of an eleven year old girl from Ohio, Pecola Breedlove, who undergoes feelings of rejection, inferiority and self-deprecation because of the racism in her society. Toni Morrison presents with this, the notion that America lives under a stereotype which suggests that to be accepted in a community, one has to be what society considers beautiful, in this case, white.
It was written in 1970, therefore is considered a part of the contemporary literature which represents works written after World War II.
In a nation with a population of about 308 million, diversity is no stranger to the United States of America, especially when 30 million of them are foreign born individuals. So it comes to no surprise that its literature would also be as varied and evolving, even if this was not always the case. The early 1900s contained limited social and economic advances, and as a result, these times heavily restricted the ways and types of ideas that would end up in print for the readers.
What was then classified as Modern Literature was best described by T.S. Elliot as impersonal and objective. The type of writing that transcended the objective emotions of the writer, and intellectual in the way it made reference to other works of recent and past eras. But in the coming years of struggle facing events such as the World Wars and the one at Vietnam, readers yearned to be more involved in the immediate present. Mixed with the technological advances that followed, this postmodern direction in the literature of the 1950s onwards gave rise to new voices from numerous quarters, scenes and identities that challenged the old ideas and adapted their tradition to suit th...
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...e with blue eyes is very traumatizing to the people who do not live up to it, especially in a nation as diverse as America.
Works Cited
Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Plume, 1994
“Toni Morrison.” Black Writers, A Selection of Sketches from Contemporary Writers (1989): 41
“Toni Morrison.” Magill’s Survey of American Literature (1991): 1422-1428
“Toni Morrison.” Notable Black American Women (1992): 770
Petri Liukkonen. “Toni Morrison.” Kirjasto.com 2008. March 19, 2010. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/tmorris.htm
Wang, Charles L. “The Black Experience in America: Whiteness is Beauty, Blackness is Ugly…the Voice of a Promised Land….” GlossyNews.com. 2009. February 21 2010
Toni Morisson's novel The Bluest Eye is about the life of the Breedlove family who reside in Lorain, Ohio, in the late 1930s (where Morrison herself was born). This family consists of the mother Pauline, the father Cholly, the son Sammy, and the daughter Pecola. The novel's focal point is the daughter, an eleven-year-old Black girl who is trying to conquer a bout with self-hatred. Everyday she encounters racism, not just from the White people, but mostly from her own race. In their eyes she is much too dark, and the darkness of her skin somehow manifests that she is inferior, and according to everyone else, her skin makes her even "uglier." She feel she can overcome this battle of self-hatred by obtaining blue eyes, but not just any blue. She wants the bluest of the blue, the bluest eye.
...n American Literature. By Henry Louis. Gates and Nellie Y. McKay. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2004. 387-452. Print.
Toni Morrison's novel "The Bluest Eye", is a very important novel in literature, because of the many boundaries that were crosses and the painful, serious topics that were brought into light, including racism, gender issues, Black female Subjectivity, and child abuse of many forms. This set of annotated bibliographies are scholarly works of literature that centre around the hot topic of racism in the novel, "The Bluest Eye", and the low self-esteem faced by young African American women, due to white culture. My research was guided by these ideas of racism and loss of self, suffered in the novel, by the main character Pecola Breedlove. This text generates many racial and social-cultural problems, dealing with the lost identity of a young African American women, due to her obsession with the white way of life, and her wish to have blue eyes, leading to her complete transgression into insanity.
Before I elaborate further, perhaps it is necessary to make a distinction between the terms “modern” and “post modern” as they will be used in this study. In the most general sense of the word, “modern” refers to those writings published before and during World War II, while “post modern” refers to the works that came after this time period.
In Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye, published in 1970, the struggle begins in childhood. Two young black girls -- Claudia and Pecola -- illuminate the combined power of externally imposed gender and racial definitions where the black female must not only deal with the black male's female but must contend with the white male's and the white female's black female, a double gender and racial bind. All the male definitions that applied to the white male's female apply, in intensified form, to the black male's, white male's and white female's black female. In addition, where the white male and female are represented as beautiful, the black female is the inverse -- ugly.
Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye. Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye provides social commentary on a lesser known portion of black society in America. The protagonist Pecola is a young black girl who desperately wants to feel beautiful and gain the “bluest eyes” as the title references.
... not curious about the skin colors, hair textures, bodily structures, and facial features associated with racial background (Rensberger 57). As a result of this, we can only hope that by not tolerating this type of thinking in our children and not being part of it with our associates we can help make racism an unpopular and unacceptable way of life.
“The Bluest Eye” by Toni Morrison, is a story about the life of a young black girl, Pecola Breedlove, who is growing up during post World War I. She prays for the bluest eyes, which will “make her beautiful” and in turn make her accepted by her family and peers. The major issue in the book, the idea of ugliness, was the belief that “blackness” was not valuable or beautiful. This view, handed down to them at birth, was a cultural hindrance to the black race.
Toni Morrison, the author of The Bluest Eye, centers her novel around two things: beauty and wealth in their relation to race and the brutal rape of a young girl by her father. Morrison explores and exposes these themes in relation to the underlying factors of black society: racism and sexism. Every character has a problem to deal with, and it involves racism and/or sexism. Whether the characters are the victim or the aggressor, they can do nothing about their problem or condition, especially when it concerns gender and race. Morrison's characters are clearly at the mercy of preconceived notions maintained by society.
After World War II, as a result of changing values and attitudes, American literature witnessed a new movement that countered modernism: the postmodernism movement. Postmodernism is characterized by a rejection of previous literary themes and techniques. Specifically, postmodernism rejects straightforward meanings in favor of interpretation in which there are various meanings or no meaning at all. Literature of this time completes defies the boundaries defined in previous literary movements such as incorporating multiple different genres and types of literature. Charles Frazier’s novel, Nightwoods, is one literary work produced during this movement. Frazier’s use of combined styles and genres of literature and unique literary structure distinguishes
An occurrence that stuck out particularly was the way the media gushed over his daughters Malia and Sasha. Everything about them from their curled hair, to their J. Crew outfits, and their happy smiles received positive commentary. On inauguration day and in the week that followed, the two most adored girls in the world were black. Professor Cheryl Wall discusses how this observation affected her lesson plan behind Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye (1970). The novel follows a young girl named Pecola, who has deeply-ingrained beliefs about the inferiority of her dark skin and coarse hair. While the story is an extreme one, there is heavy evidence that shows that young black girls develop strong notions about color from an early age. This is evident in the 1954 doll test that was used to display the harmful effects of segregation. The study, conducted by psychologists Kenneth B. Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark, used two pink and two brown dolls to demonstrate how even children between the ages of three and seven have developed severe notions of inferiority for their own race. By a landslide majority, black children from all regions generally preferred the pink dolls to the brown dolls. These notions of inferiority and what it means to be superior based on color will carry on into these children’s adult lives and restart the
The Bluest Eye written by Toni Morrison tells the story of several African Americans living in the rural south from 1910 to 1941. One of the main characters in the book happens to be Pecola Breedlove. Throughout the book Pecola encounters many hardships. Her problems range from home, school, extracurricular activities; even if she is walking down the street she has a problem with someone. It is very obvious that during this time period, white people are not that fond of African Americans and you would think that Pecola has the most trouble with. When in all actuality, many of the problems she encountered where her own people so to speak. The people who bullied her felt that because she was a darker skin tone that she was a target.
In order to see how cultural and historical situations affect literature throughout history, it is important to get a brief history on each era discussed in this paper. The first era we will be reviewing will be writings from 1865-1914. The Civil War was just ending in 1865. America lost over a half of million Americans in the war. The nation was in a state of disorder and the south was devastated. Nevertheless, the country prospered. America became industrialized and saw innovations such as; the railroads, telegraph, telephone, and electricity. The population of the United States had also started to increase due to immigration.
Throughout The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison includes a number of background stories for minor characters along with the main plotline in order to add dimension to the novel and further convey the intense racial prejudice felt by almost all African Americans. Her main story tells of the outrageous landslide of wounding events that Pecola Breedlove experiences, a young black girl constantly patronized by her peers, and the things that eventually make her go crazy. The struggle for a deep black skinned person can be significantly different from what a lighter skinned black person feels, and Toni Morrison adds secondary story lines to stress that difference, and the extremes that racism can force people into. The back-story of Geraldine expresses the desire to be white supported by social circumstances, the comparison of how much easier whiter life could be on Pecola and her family, but also the poor results that can come from shying away from one’s own nature and history.
The post World War II period had an enormous impact on American society and literature. Many important events occurred and affected directly the movement of American literature. During this period, American Literature reflected the movement of disillusionment, and portrayed the lost generation. Many WWII writers adapted new approaches and philosophies in writing their novels. They portrayed the lost generation, an anti-war perspective and explored the true meaning of “war hero”.