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House of Cards describes in particular the complicated series of events that led to the downfall of Bear Sterns in March 2008. Its actual appeal, however, deduces from its complete and careful analysis of the history of the firm since its origination as an upstart brokerage firm in 1923 and a gripping account of the demise of Bear Sterns in 2007. This failure prognosticated a lot of issues that would eventually stultify the firm, and the author puts forward that its deviation from various historical operating practices led to its ultimate sale to JPMorgan Chase at $10 per share, down from over $170 just a year earlier. Cohan, also the author of “The Last Tycoons,” a 2007 book about Lazard Frères & Company, gives us in this book a shuddery, almost microscopic account of the 10, vertigo inducing days that disclosed Bear Stearns to be a fragile house of cards in a perfect storm. Why I choose this book? Wall Street fascinates me and the global credit crisis events were the most perilous too our economy and well-being since the Great Depression so I wanted to get a deeper understanding of the events and people involved. In the first part of the book “Ten Days in March”, the author describes Bear Sterns as a self-governing independent entity in the last few days of. It is a fairly riveting account of executives entangled in a crisis of confidence that overtook world financial market and their participants The second part, “Why It Happened: Eighty-Five Years,” explains the origins of the firm and its founding and operating principles, and it sets the basics for why several deviations from these founding principles eventually led the firm astray. Ultimately, the last part of the book, “The End of the Second Gilded Age,” gives the ... ... middle of paper ... ... but was reinforced as the major takeaway from the book. Acting arrogant and going against the status quo can come back to bite you big time. Bear refused to participate in the bailout of Long Term Capital Management when the rest of Wall Street participated. This along with their arrogant attitude labeled them as outsiders which helped them thrive up to the time when they needed help. That help was nowhere to be found and they were not invited to the big decisions because they had neglected politics a game that Goldman Sachs and others had perfected. Bear Stearns went from a market value of billions to being worth $2 a share in a few weeks. They would have been acquired for that very price if a legal screw up did not force their acquirers to up their ante to $10 per share. The mighty can fall quick but lawyers will make money either way even if they screw up.
"FINANCIAL MARKETS: After the Stock Exchange Coltapse--Resemblances With Other Crises, and Differences." New York Times (1929).
The movie begins with a young man named; Jordan Belfort, who secured a position in Wall-Street as a stocks broker, making money by selling and recommending stocks to the shareholders. However, one day the stock market crashed and to no one surprise, Jordan got fired. He started to look for a job and latter on, he secured a similar job, selling penny stocks, hard to sell, however you get 50% commission fees. As time went by, Jordan became good at what he did and decided that he could run the business himself. One of the first people he recruited was Donne Azoff, who was a good salesman and someone who wants to strive in life. Jordan then recruited some close friends, they were all good salesman, the never had any experience in the stock market, but Jordan was determined to teach them all about the new market and make them all wealth. As the team grew bigger, they’ve seen great retunes and a lot of profit. Collective Brain power and great knowledge of the business made Jordan Belfort a very successful CEO. One of the most significant quotes in the movie was: “never let the investor roll-out with the money after a hit investment, instead keep him preoccupied with new sales, while the broker makes off with the commission”. This tactic has made not only Jordan rich, but everyone who was working for him at that time. Jordan has provi...
Kindleberger, Charles P. Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises. London: Macmillan, 1978.
Market crashes are not a new phenomenon but the most disturbing fact about the financial crisis of 2008, was that it was self-inflicted. What started as a credit crunch during the early 2006, turned into a fully-blown recession by mid-2008.The world’s financial system received a huge shock in September 2008, with the collapse of The Lehman Brothers, one of the biggest global investment banks [3]. The Global Financial Crisis of 2008, was undoubtedly the worst economic slump since the Great Depression of 1930. While the bankers and financers hold the responsibility for the global economic turmoil, the business schools have also, being partially responsible, faced criticism.
Market crashes are nearly as old as the invention of money itself. But, as Gillian Tett underlines in Fool’s Gold, “the latest financial crisis stands out due to its sheer size”. Economists estimate total losses could sum up to $2000 to $4000 billion, a number surprisingly not dissimilar to the British Gross Domestic Product. In its post-mortem, the self-inflicted disaster has commonly brought to light the question: “Did bankers, regulators and rating agencies fail to see the flaws, or did they fail to care?” Importantly, it has also created a hunt for scapegoats and quick fixes.
There are mixed opinions on whether Dennis Kozlowski was rightfully depicted as a criminal who is guilty of embezzlement from Tyco, or just seen as many of the corporate leadership of large companies are as being too greedy, and has been made a scapegoat. Kozlowski strongly believes he just had “bad judgment, and was piggy”, and if that was the ground for incarceration, much of Wall Street should be right there with him in prison (Kaplan, 2009, p. 2).
As Robert Samuelson said, "The real vulnerability is a highly complex and interconnected global financial system that might resist rescue and revival." (Samuelson, 2008, 35) This is in response to the economic crisis of 2008. The cause of these economic problems was the crash of the United States’ stock market. The stock market crash can be broken into three parts; factors that lead up to the crash, the events during the crash, and what occurred to try and contain the crisis after the crash. The crash of 2008 can also be compared to the 1929 crash that sent the country into the Great Depression.
It was October 19, 1987 when stock markets around the world crashed and caused widespread loss. It was known and remembered as one of the biggest crashes of the times. Before the crash, Wall Street was a busy and active place, with everyone trying to get more money because it was never enough. There was even a movie that was released that mocked the mindset and made Wall Street look like a place of sin and corruption. However, stories, especially movies, are often over dramatic. Most stories overlooked either the average citizens that made a lot of money in the stock market through research, or how most of the corrupt people in Wall Street didn’t have larger than life personalities. So, what does the real villainy of Wall Street look like?
During the 1920s, approximately 20 million Americans took advantage of post-war prosperity by purchasing shares of stock in various securities exchanges. When the stock market crashed in 1929, the fortunes of many investors were lost. In addition, banks lost great sums of money in the Crash because they had invested heavily in the markets. When people feared their banks might not be able to pay back the money that depositors had in their accounts, a “run” on the banking system caused many bank failures. After the crash, public confidence in the market and the economy fell sharply. In response, Congress held hearings to identify the problems and look for solutions; the answer was found in the new SEC. The Commission was established in 1934 to enforce new securities laws that were passed with the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The two new laws stated that “Companies publicly offering securities must tell the public the truth about their businesses, the securities they are selling and the risks involved in the investing.” Secondly, “People who sell and trade securities must treat investors fairly and honestly, putting investors’ interests first.”2
Within decades of the Lehman Brothers’ prosperity, the industry also faced numerous challenges like the railroad bankruptcy of 1880s, 1930s the Great Depression, World War I&II, 1994’s capital shortage, and 1998’s Long Term Capital Management collapse and Russian debt default. The company stood strong during all this challenges and though it was able to recover from the previous challenges, the collapse of the United States housing market in 2008 brought the company to its
In 2010, author Michael Lewis released a novel title, “The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine”. In the novel, Lewis explores the stock market crash of 2008. He examines the bond market and subprime mortgage bonds that led to the crash. Lewis goes through the crash from the perspectives of the group of people who saw the crash coming and either kept quiet to protect large investments or they were too shocked to speak
From the close of trading on Tuesday, October 13, 1987 to the close of trading on Monday, October 19th, which was later known as ‘Black Monday’, the Dow Jones Industrial Average declined by 30.7% or 769 points. Overall in those four days of trading the value of all outstanding United States stock loss roughly $1.0 trillion in value (Brady Report, 5). While a monetary loss of this magnitude seems alarming to most, what raised primary concern by market aficionados and government regulators alike was the speed in which prices fell and the inherent trading weaknesses brought to light from the crash. This paper will further analyze the 1987 crash and the events that surrounded it, as well as address measures taken by the government and the market
Stories of people making fortunes from the securities market have enticed many others into risky investments. Congress created the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) to protect investors. Many corporation managers became greedy and made self-serving decisions that created the principle-agent problems. The solutions for these problems lead to more unethical behavior from management. The creative use of financial statements even tricked analysts and brokers. Public trust began to erode with unethical corporation behavior. Analyst's suspicions of some corporations cooking the books were confirmed with an announcement from WorldCom. The public's distrust started to mount while accusing brokers of hyping stocks. People began to invest without brokers' advice. With numerous risks rising for individual investors, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the SEC responded by passing the Reg AC act.
Zuckerman, E. (1999). The Categorical Imperative: Securities Analysts and the Illegitimacy Discount. American Journal of Sociology, 104(5), 1398-1438.
Saluzzi. "Introduction to Broken Markets: How High Frequency Trading and Predatory Practices on Wall Street Are Destroying Investor Confidence and Your Portfolio." Broken Markets: How High Frequency Trading and Predatory Practices on Wall Street Are Destroying Investor Confidence and Your Portfolio. N.p.: FT, 2012. N. pag. Financial Times Press. FT Press, 6 Aug. 2012. Web. 06 Feb. 2015.