Airplanes have played a crucial role in the Battle of Shanghai, from killing hundreds of thousands of people. The destruction caused by the dropping of bombs on cities and major cites. After the defeat of China by Great Britain in the second Opium War (1838-1942), as part of the concession under the Treaty of Nanjing, British troops occupied parts of Shanghai. Great Britain declared Shanghai’s ports open to foreign trade .As commerce grew what, was once a small walled town surrounded by poor villages was transformed over the decades into a recognized city (city status 1827). Located along the Yangtze China’s longest river, Shanghai is connected to some of the most vital areas of China with direct access to the ocean and global shipping routes. At the beginning of the 1930s Shanghai had a population of about 3.5 million residents of which about 70,000 were permanent residents from as many as 48 different countries. It was the second largest city in Asia and the fifth largest in the world. The Battle for Shanghai was not the first confrontation between China and Japan in the city, but was the most intense and the most costly in terms of life and property.
The Battle for Shanghai made news around the world at the time, and may very well have helped to set the stage for World War II. In the following essay I will discuss the events leading up to the Battle of Shanghai, and how the war impacted the lives of the residents. I will also compare the strategies and weaponry used by the warring militaries and the role they played in deciding the outcome of the battle.
The Battle for Shanghai was part of a much wider war fought between China and The Empire of Japan. These two rivals had a mutua...
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... the Chinese 36 division attacked the docks at Hueishan they were coordinated with a counter attack by the 87 division at Yangshupu to assert maximum pressure on Japanese troops. Chinese airplanes accidentally attacked the American cruiser Agusta. It was a near miss but nonetheless the Americans still suffered casualties At the outbreak of the Sino- Japanese war despite the brave effort of s they still suffered heavy losses at the hands of Japanese aerial attack. Japanese pilots travelling from Formosa bombed Chinese airfield in Shanghai. Despite the valiant effort of Chinese pilots Shanghai still suffered aerial attack
Six months of air operations all but exhausted the Chinese air force. The Chinese seek to purchase. Modern aircrafts from a number of countries. A large influx of Soviet aircrafts and volunteer’s pilots promised to modernize the Chinese air force.
Japan had to open ports to foreign commerce when they lost the fight against Europe and America in Tokyo Bay (Bentley 508). After losing, Japan began industrializing and soon enhanced their military by investing in tools from western empires, who had very strong and powerful militaries. Once Japan had built a strong military they began to fight for Korea. They fought China and “demolished the Chinese fleet in a battle lasting a mere five hours,” and they later gained Korea and treaty rights in China (Bentley 550). China’s military was very weak. After losing Hong Kong and many trading ports to western empires following the Opium War, China was in trouble. Chinese people began rebelling against the Qing Dynasty. After the most popular rebellion, The Taiping Rebellion, China began the Self-Strengthening Movement. “While holding to Confucian values, movement leaders built shipyards, constructed railroads, established weapons industries, opened steel foundries with blast furnaces, and founded academies to develop scientific expertise” (Bentley 543). After doing all of these things, China still did not have a strong enough military. They continued to deal with problems from the western
Japanese stood their ground and on December 7,1941.The surprise attack on the Americans that destroyed or damage nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight battleships, and over 300 airplanes. More than 2,400 Americans died in the attack, including civilians, and another 1,000 people were wounded at Pearl Harbor(document
The battle of Saratoga was a significant turning point in the American Revolutionary War. This key conflict was, in fact, two significant battles that shaped America’s struggle for independence. The battles were fought 18 days apart in the same location - 9 miles south of Saratoga, New York. John Burgoyne, the British General, had an initial strategy to divide New England from the southern colonies. This was at first successful when the British took Pennsylvania, but hit a snag when Burgoyne met the Continental Army at Freeman’s Farm on September 19, 1777 - the first of the Saratoga battles. This was a tactical victory for the British, but it came at a price, as their casualties were heavy. It was known that the British won this Battle at Freeman’s Farm, but in actuality, they didn’t have many troops left. On October 7, in the Battle of Bemis Heights, the second Battle of Saratoga, Britain attacked America again as Burgoyne took the offensive. The troops crashed together south of the town of Saratoga, and Burgoyne's army was broken and his command captured. At this battle, the Americans were able to capture a large number of British troops, ultimately resulting in Burgoyne’s surrender on October 17, 1777. The Battle of Saratoga is well known to be “one of the most important victories of the conflict and an early success for the colonists.” The victory gave new life to the American cause at a critical time. Americans had just suffered a major setback at the Battle of Brandywine. They had also received news of the fall of Philadelphia to the British. Significantly with the success at Saratoga, France gained the confidence to enter the war as an American ally. The Battle of Saratoga was a war-altering conflict between the America...
...ce of ordinary people, fear of retribution from the Japanese underground they still believed to be in existence… (Yamamoto p. 190).” Even after the war, the Chinese were so traumatized by the vile actions that they were still afraid that the Japanese army would return to treat as livestock once more.
Even before the battle started, America saw his attack coming. Japan had bombed the Dutch harbor in Alaska on the days of June 3rd and 4th. Japan landed there instead of on the islands of Attu and Kiska, in fear the United States might be there. There attacks failed when the plan to get the American fleet from Midway to aid the freshly bombed Dutch harbor. At 0900 hours an American patrol boat spotted the Japanese fleet seven hundred miles from Midway. At that point admiral Soroku Yamamoto’s plans of a sneak attack were over. Admiral fletcher commanded the U.S.S. Yorktown before it was sunk by the Japanese. Then at 0750, japan spots nine enemy (American) planes fifteen miles out. Tones, a Japanese cruiser, opened fire on the American pilots. Almost instantly if an American bomber plane were hit it would explode and go down. The bombers dropped their torpedoes to far from their targets, so the torpedoes didn’t land a single blow to Japan. At 1040 japan sent from Hiryu,...
Throughout the attacks Sailors and Airman, from the entire island of Hawaii, immediately was on alert. As the bombs, bullets, and torpedoes began to drop impacting vessels in the harbor, Soldiers of the American armed forces began to battle back. As the vessels and aircraft began to fight, the Japanese began to fight harder. It was eminent that Japanese fighter pilots had no plan on returning from this mission, for the aircraft soon began to shoot from the sky and set their point of impact on vessels. Along with numerous 550-pound general-purpose bombs, one of the most detrimental acts during this time was to our battle ships by the Japanese, was the 1,800-pound weapon that dropped from the clouds directly hitting one of the now famous American ships below, the USS Arizona.
Shanghai's place in history is certainly a grand one. The city endured a century of occupation by over a dozen foreign powers. It was a massive trade center. It was the home of the largest crime syndicate in all of China. It was truly sui generis. One of the most important aspects of its history was that of the imperialist. For most, imperialism represents callous abuse of the native world. For most, this is correct, and Shanghai is no different. However, the role of the imperialist in Shanghai was much broader. Imperialism in Shanghai paved the way for swifter modernization of everything from its street lamps to its police.
In July 1937, the second Sino-Japanese War broke out. A small incident was soon made into a full scale war by the Kwantung army which acted rather independently from a more moderate government. The Japanese forces succeeded in occupying almost the whole coast of China and committed severe war atrocities on the Chinese population, especially during the fall of the capital Nanking. However, the Chinese government never surrendered completely, and the war continued on a lower scale until 1945.
...er 'Phelps' finished off the 'Lexington' with five torpedoes, the Lexington sank. Japanese later called off trying to capture Port Moresby, for they feared that the American still has the power to destroy many of their landing crafts. The Japanese came out the best in Battle of Coral Sea. The loss of the 'Lexington' was great and far outweighed the loss of the “Shoho'. In total the Japanese lost 43 planes to the Americans. The battle is seen as an American victory because in the end it stopped the Japanese from doing what their plan was to do, and that is capture Port Moresby and it excluded Australia. This was a great victory for the Americans. The Battle of Midway did more damage to the Japanese, then the others did.
... them. Furthermore, although the allied British troops were superior in number, they were highly untrained with minimal and inferior training as compared to the seasoned Japanese soldiers. The allied forces lacked tanks and enough aircraft to match the Japanese, and the few they had, were destroyed prior to the battle, leaving the soldiers massively vulnerable and badly equipped for the battle.
The imperial realms of East Asia before the 19th century were largely based on the theory that Asian countries were far better than their neighbors in the West. The nonchalant manner portrayed by East Asian countries towards western technology and culture led China to become unknowledgeable of the Western empires. As a result, China was astonishingly impacted by imperialism from Great Britain during the 1800’s. During the 18th century Great Britain had set up trade off the coast of the Chinese borders to trade British silver for China’s soft silks, fine porcelain, and strong teas. During this period Qing officials overlooked the foreign brokers. By the early 1800’s, however, Great Britain b...
Not only did they have great anti-air capabilities for the size (which had no more than 700 anti-air weapons) of their air force they used them to their advantage. As the war progressed they started receiving anti-air weapons from China and The Soviet Union, which helped them in keeping the US out of their
Chapter Eight War and Society reveals the attitudes about war in both ancient Rome and China. These attitudes prove that in these cases perhaps it is safe to say that wars are not inevitable or natural but were caused by warlike societies and social situations. After reading bits and pieces of both the ancient Roman and Chinese history, one can only gain a greater perspective on how these attitudes derived. In 391 nomads called the Gauls defeated a small army of Roman aristocrats and burnt down the town of Rome. After this attack, Rome rebuilt its town and changed it into an empire, which spread its laws, culture, and peace from the North. Rome was convinced that after this first invasion, it was necessary to change their military.
The short story by Eileen Chang fully reflected the turmoil in China during the Japanese occupation in the 1940s. For decades, Japan has been trying to dominate China with incidents like the first Sino-Japanese war in 1894 where the two powers fought each other for the control of Korea. When Japan attacked Shanghai in what was known as the Battle of Shanghai in 28 January 1932, student bodies fought back and that resulted in the second Sino-Japanese war in history. Understandably the people of 1940s had extreme hatred for the Japanese due to the violence that Japanese military exercised on the country and its citizens. Strained political relationships in the city led to countless assassinations of Chinese government officials who worked ...
Indeed, yes, since China had a mass of problems with them and at the time suddenly they “by mistake” damaged twenty naval vessels including eight battleships plus twenty airplanes. Then, they killed 2,000 soldiers plus sailors and left 1,000 wounded.