The jellyfish are among the animals that live in the mesopelagic zone. They have an advantageous adaptation that prevent them from being located by predators. Due its transparent color these animals are invisible to predators in dark environments. Other animals that inhabit the mesopelagic zone are squids, shrimps and worms. 3.3 Bathypelagic zone
The bathypelagic zone is an area that comprises depths between 1,000 and 4,000 meters deep in the Atlantic Ocean. If the mesopelagic zone had almost no sunlight this zone is completely dark, that is, it is part of the aphotic zone since not receive any light incidence. The temperatures in the mesopelagic zone revolves around 4 degrees Celsius in the surface parte until 2 degrees Celsius in the
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These animals are heterotrophic and depend of the oxygen and organic matter that is dissolved and which decays of the upper zones. 3.4 Abyssopelagic zone
Abyssopelagic zone is localized in a profundity of 4,000 meters until the seafloor. This is an area that the incidence of sunlight is impossible due the high profundity and where the pressure reaches number extremely high. The temperature in this zone also is low, which result in icy waters. Because of this a small quantity of animals are capable to live in this areas and the animals that accomplish this difficult task usually has some adaptations that allow them to survive.
Some animals present in the abyssopelagic zone are some species of echinoderms such as sea cucumber and pig-fish, some types of squid and arthropods like the sea spider. The adaptation that some species of squid have is the coloring transparent of their body allowing them to become invisible to their prey in dark environments such as the abyssopelagic zone. Others animals in turn do not have eyes as these are not used in total darkness
T. californicus is found from Alaska to Baja in small, shallow tidepools and tidal flats in the upper spray zone where they cannot avoid the full effect of visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Individuals assemble in areas of lower radiation at midday, yet have no preference to the intensity of light at dawn and dusk (Hartline and Macmillan 1995). These tiny arthropods inhabit all types of marine sediments from sand to fine mud and ooze. Along with plankton, T. californicus eats microscopic algae, protists, bacteria, diatoms, algae and microbes (McGroarty 1958). When the concentrations of the species in their habitats are high, T. californicus will turn to cannibalism for a food source. The nautilus eye present in the species is rich with fatty acids and provides a good food source for the animal.
The invertebrate larvae's primary food source comes from the phytoplankton that is found in abundance at the bottom of the sea floor. The larvae fed with detritus were compared with those fed on equal concentrations of phytoplankton. Other tests were conducted to compare the degrees of survivorship among the larvae using varying concentrations of phytoplankton. Higher concentrations of phytoplankton, consumed by the larvae, yielded. higher survivorship in growth and development.
While the trophic level of primary producers is of autotrophs, the next remaining levels all represent heterotrophs. Heterotrophs can only obtain their energy by consuming of other organisms. In the tropic level of the primary consumers, these herbivores depend on these primary producers and other plants for their food. An example of a primary consumer is the larvae of chironomids, or a type of aquatic insect.
Different wavelengths of light determine what colors we see in fish and other organisms. For instance, the changes of season affecting length of daylight triggers many species in the wild to change into their extreme breeding dress. Scientific studies exhibit numerous reports of fish that faded in color after becoming blind, an observation that would have some implications for fish kept in the dark.
Because of farm fertilizer, an excess quantity of nitrogen and phosphorus can be wash down becoming runoff into rivers. From this, marine algal blooms cause the water to turn green from the chlorophyll (Reed, 2011). Eutrophication then becomes a dilemma in the system causing either an increase of primary production or an expansion of algae. An enormous expansion of phytoplankton on the water’s surface is then established. At the same time the water column is also stratified, meaning things such as the temperature and salinity are not sync from top to bottom. The seasonal warm surface water has a low density forming a saltier layer above while the cooler and more dense water masses near the bottom layer is isolated from the top cutting off oxygen supply from the atmosphere (Overview, 2008).
So photophores is a light some deep sea fish have which helps in complete darkness. Photophores help fish get away from pretadors. So the fish "turn on" its light one place then "turn off " the light and shine in another place confusing the predator giving it time to escape.So many deep see fish have small eyes or are blind because there is no light down there. These fish usally, you could say sense when things are around them so they really dont need their eyes. Gelatinous skeleton is a skeleton that is very soft and mushy but still holds a type of shape. These fish have gelatinous skeletons becuase of the high pressure underwater if a human were to go down there they would die from the pressure. That is only some adaptions deep sea fish have and deeep sea fish are not the only fish with adaptations in their
An example would be the firefly squid, which has thousands of photophores, or organs that emit a deep blue
Though food is everlasting in both the coral reef and deep sea, space is very limited. Organisms in both habitats have to compete for space and survival, having defense mechanisms to keep other species from killing out their kind. Some fishes in the coral reef hide in cracks and crevices along the rocks and corals to hide from their predators. Other fishes camouflage within the brightly colored corals to hide from predators, or even humans looking into their tank. The deep sea holds many small fish, but with large mouths. The large mouths and pointy teeth help the miniscule fish eat their prey, whi...
Shrimp can be very intelligent animals and have very amazing things such as being clear, this may seem weird but yes, they are clear. Shrimp live in the ocean and come in contact with many different plants animals. The most common plant that the shrimp comes in contact the most with and use for protection is seaweed, coral, and algae. Shrimp use the for protection to hide from the other animals they depend on shrimp for their diet, most of these animals are sharks, whales and sometimes crabs are included. The change of having no eyes helps the shrimp hide from these and keeps the population at a good rate and this has also helped overfishing with not having contact with other animals and causing lots of movement to the other animals and fisherman.
[9] Deep sea and extreme shallow water habitats: affinities and adaptions by Franz Uiblein, Jorg Ott and Michael Stacowitsh 1996
Below is a table of the different trophic states, or levels of organic matter in relation to available oxygen, that a body of water traverses on its way to becoming a "dead zone".
Giant squid, of which there are many different species, have been spotted less than fifty times in the last century, but none have been seen in their natural habitat, the depths of the sea, or caught on tape. It was initially thought that squids only lived very deep in the ocean from 200-1000 meters beneath the surface, an area very difficult for scientists to study. Why then have these squids been seen at the ocean’s surface?
...r fish until sharks, albeit at a higher depth, eventually top off the food chain. This is the opposite of life above sea level ecosystems where the sun generates the initial energy from above; the Mariana Trench’s energy starts from the extreme depths of the Earth’s underwater crust and travels toward the shallower parts of the ocean (Bosveld).