The film Babies is a film that follows four babies from San Francisco, Tokyo, Mongolia, and Namibia through their first year of life. The film has no talking or narrative. In many scenes, you don’t even see adults. This helps you get to see a baby’s perspective on the world. This movie showed how different cultures are when it comes to raising children. Ponijao was from Namibia. His Namibian community was very close knit. They lived in the desert, and the women in the community sat around most of the day breastfeeding, doing each other’s hair, talking, and taking care of each other’s children. The babies in the tribe spent most of their time outside interacting with nature. They played with anything they could find, ranging from sticks to rocks …show more content…
Piaget has four stages in his theory: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The sensorimotor stage is the first stage of development in Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. This stage lasts from birth to the second year of life for babies, and is centered on the babies exploring and trying to figure out the world. During this stage, babies engage in behaviors such as reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, and tertiary circular …show more content…
Erikson believed that a crisis occurs at each stage of development. Successful completion of each stage results in healthy development. Failure to complete a stage can result in a lessened ability to successfully complete the following stages. However, the stages can be successfully completed later in life. During the Babies documentary, the four babies are in their first year of life. This is Erikson’s stage, Trust vs. Mistrust. The question during this stage is, “Is the world a safe place or is it full of accidents and unpredictable events?” During this stage, the infant looks to their primary caregiver for care, whether stable or unstable. Infants try to find a send of predictability, consistency and trust. Erikson believes that all caregiving behavior will lead to this. If the infant receives stable care, then they will develop a sense of trust. If they don’t, they will develop a sense of mistrust for the
In the documentary, Babies by Thomas Balmés, the hillsides of Mongolia held a humble farming family. The mother, father and expected newborn traveled to a remote hospital for the birth. Once the baby was born, the nurse tightly bound the infant in several blankets with two strong ropes. This was the first action that struck me as odd. I was uneasy at the sight of the immovable baby. Could it breath properly? Would the constricting blankets break the infant's fragile bones? These were a few of the questions I had racing through my mind during this moment. As the family was preparing to leave the hospital, the father rode up on his motorcycle with limited room for the mother and her newborn. Once the mother and her baby mounted the motorcycle, the mother clutched her child with one arm and held onto her husband with the other. The grassy hills had no paved roads and the
Piaget’s stages of cognitive development believe that children’s cognitive development goes through a series of levels that have milestones obtained by children. These change as children become adults. Testing children is one way to comprehend the levels of development along with non-invasive neuroscience such as an event-related potentials (ERP)electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These types of machines help map the processes of the brain which assists neuroscience and psychologists in understanding cognitive behavior (Arsalidou & Pascual-leone, 2016). Piaget focused on four levels of cognitive development which consisted of birth to two years which is the sensorimotor level. The second level was the preoperational level which takes place at two to seven years of age. The third level takes place from around seven to eleven years of age this is the concrete operations level. The final level is the formal operations level which occurs from ages eleven and beyond (Geist,
Both Piaget and Vygotsky agreed that children's cognitive development took place in stages. (Jarvis, Chandler 2001 P.149). However they were distinguished by different styles of thinking. Piaget was the first t reveal that children reason and think differently at different periods in their lives. He believed that all children progress through four different and very distinct stages of cognitive development. This theory is known as Piaget’s Stage Theory because it deals with four stages of development, which are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. (Ginsburg, Opper 1979 P. 26).
Piaget’s sensorimotor stage describes how the infant develops in terms of the sensory system, and is divided into six subcategories: simple reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, coordination of secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions and mental combinations (Arnett 154-155). Piaget’s stages are discontinuous, meaning they happen separately from each other. However, there is a different, continuous way of looking at development: information processing. Information processing looks at the steady, gradual changes that occur overtime and the thinking capacities (thinking, processing, and memory) that are always there (Arnett157-158). Todd’s changes in exploration and problem solving can be looked at through either
The four stages of cognitive development, according to researcher Jean Piaget include, the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operations stage, and the formal operations stage. Each of these stages contributes to an exceptional amount of advancements in a child’s cognitive development throughout their lives. To differentiate the thinking patterns between a three year old and a nine year old, one must first know which stage to put each child in, and from there, analyze the development of those certain stages. As reported by Piaget’s theory, a three-year-old preschooler would correlate within the preoperational stage, while a nine-year-old student would correlate within the concrete operations stage of cognitive development.
Erikson’s first stage of his theory explains the issue of trust versus mistrust during the first year of life. During this stage of life, a baby will seek care to their primary caregiver. If this person gives consistent and reliable care to the baby, the baby will develop a trustful relationship with the caregiver. This relationship would soon be transferred to other people the baby comes in contact with. Developing a sense of trust is important during infancy so that the baby doesn't feel overly threatened when coming into contact with new people.
The four babies seemed to be very well nourished. One scene in the film shows Bayar crying when his mother is trying to breastfeed him but his mother is still trying to provide the nutrients of breast milk even though Brayar was crying and making it hard for his mother to breastfeed him. In the film Many of the babies would often show the reflex of rooting where they would turn and open their mouths to find their mother’s nipple to get something to drink/eat. One of the common development of the babies which was shown throughout the movie was the gross motor skills. As soon Bayar was born he was tightly wrapped in a cloth and was like that for the majority of the time. Ponijao was never wrapped, he was always in his mother's lap or arms which
To begin with, psychologist Jean Piaget notice that cognitive development changed, or more so evolved, throughout the first two years of life. This lead Piaget to found the sensorimotor stages of cognitive development. Author Barry J. Wadsworth writes that Piaget classifies the sensorimotor stage into six different substages. These stages consist of the following: Reflex, First differentiations, Reproduction, Coordination of schemata, Experimentation, and Representation (Wadsworth, 1996). Now, all of these stages evoke different levels of development within their given time period.
Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory states that a child goes through many stages in his or her cognitive development. It is through these stages that the child is able to develop into an adult. The first of these stages is called the sensorimotor period, in which the child’s age ranges from 0-2 years old. During this sensorimotor period of a child’s development, the child’s main objective is to master the mechanics of his or her own body. Towards the end of this period, the child begins to recognize himself as a separate individual, and that people and objects around him or her have their own existence.
In stage 4, Erikson focuses on the ability of a child to develop competence and feel confidence in his/her ability to attain goals and tasks. Self-doubt is developed when a child is not able to meet the challenges of this stage if adults do not provide enough encouragement or are too overbearing at this stage, stifling the child’s ability to be independent and confident.
“The influence of Piaget’s ideas in developmental psychology has been enormous. He changed how people viewed the child’s world and their methods of studying children. He was an inspiration to many who came after and took up his ideas. Piaget's ideas have generated a huge amount of research which has increased our understanding of cognitive development.” (McLeod 2009). Piaget purposed that we move through stages of cognitive development. He noticed that children showed different characteristics throughout their childhood development. The four stages of development are The Sensorimotor stage, The Preoperational Stage, The Concrete operational stage and The Formal operational stage.
Piaget’s Theories observed that children’s reasoning understanding capabilities different depending development on their ages. He was divided the sensorimotor stage into “Six sub stages.”
Piaget featured that the Sensorimotor stage reasons infants very differently. He considered that infants are actively constructing their understanding of the world as they grow as well as their mind and body grows. Piaget thought this happens commonly in different stages and figured out that infants are more than just miniature adults.
First, piaget developed sensorimotor intelligence period. Stage one(birth to one month) uses schemes and reflexes. For example, infants suck whenever their lip are touched. Stage two (one to four months) deals with the the primary circular reactions. A prime example of circular reaction is thumb-sucking. Stage three (four to eight months) use secondary circular reactions. Stage four(eight to twelve months) deals with the coordination of secondary schemes. Stage five (twelve to eighteen months) uses tertiary circular reactions . Stage six ( eighteen to two years) deals with children being able to vary their reactions and observe the results.
My reflection of Piaget, and his views on the universal stages and content of development, is that children learn by hands on activity. Children needs to work on things for themselves to understand how things work and come together. According to Charlesworth (2016) Piaget came up with four stages of development sensorimotor stage age 0-2, this is when children begin to learn about the world. This is when they start to use all their sensory abilities touch, taste, sight, hearing, smell and muscular. (Charlesworth 2016.p9). Preoperational stage is during the age 2-7, during this period children start to use concept.