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Essays on individualism
Seven tendencies of individualism
Seven tendencies of individualism
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Ayn Rand’s followed the idea of ethical egoism. This idea wants people to do what is in their own self-interest. That is why she does not believe in the idea of Altruism. She even stated, “Altruism, she thought, leads to a denial of the value of the individual” (page 73). This belief thinks that you should put others before yourself. In the book it also stated it stated this about egoism, “This is the morality of selfishness. It holds that our only duty is to do what is best for ourselves. Other people matter only insofar as they can benefit us” (page 65). In other words she believes that the only reason why you are helping someone is because in some type of way you are getting something out of it. Ayn Rand’s idea of ethical egoism reflects the way people really act. It stated on page 71, “The theory only insists that the benefit to others is not what makes the act right. Rather, the acts is right because it benefits you.” In other world if you are not going to get anything out of it, then you are not going to do it. They are doing what they believe is purely best for themselves. They do not car if they are affecting, even hurting the people around them. I believe that this is a very selfish way to live. I do not believe that it would work as a practical system for determining what is good and bad, and right from wrong. I …show more content…
do not believe that it would work because you are solely basin everything off of yourself, without keeping anyone else in mind. They gave an example in the book where a democrat has to kill a republican, but it’s the republican’s job to make it so the democrat does not kill him. In stated, “ When R protects herself from D, her act is both wrong and not wrong-wrong because it prevents D from doing his duty, and not wrong because it is in R’s best interest” (page 77). This right here shows how flawed egoism is, because the same thing cannot be viewed as morally right but morally wrong at the same time. If this was “bad” one would not get punished for his actions. In the article it stated, “A man who has no virtues is a hater of existence who acts on the premise of death; to help him is to sanction his evil and to support his career of destruction.” If a person does not have no sense of morals, this does not demonstrate qualities you want a person to have.
Ethical egoism believes everyone should pursue what will benefit them, and does not keep in mind of the people around them. It stated in the book, “What is the difference between me and everyone else that justifies placing myself in this special category?” I think this is a great question, I do not believe you are superior to the people around
you.
One being the fact that this book is a collection of her essay and speeches. But the main one is how this book discusses her own Philosophy. She first explains the importance of philosophy and how it used in the real world unknowingly today, but she then says the philosophy most people follow today, Altruism, as irrational. “Altruism is the rationalization for the mass slaughter in Soviet Russia – for the legalized looting in the welfare state – for the power-lust of politicians seeking to serve the common good” (Rand 27) Altruism is basically the thought of having selfless actions and to serve others. This completely contradicts Ayn Rand’s philosophy of living, Objectivism. This is where the book becomes different form other books and even the entire world. Many people and religions are taught to help others. This follows Altruism in the fact that we are serving others and being selfless. Objectivism has many different layers to it but one of the most important parts to it is the concept that man should be self-serving. That we should be selfish and live for ourselves only under the condition that it doesn’t harm others. This is extremely different from everything we are taught since we were
Children are taught the value in sharing, in ensuring that everyone is extended the same opportunities and the same kindness. Ayn Rand, however, had a different perspective. Her philosophy, called objectivism, favors morality that is based upon one’s own desires. Clearly, Rand by no means encouraged the citizens of every city to run amok in the streets, doing whatever they pleased, but she did believe that any man is responsible for himself and himself alone. Altruism is defined by a duty to others, and by the value in sacrificing oneself for the greater common good. Because this concept allows all of society an equal fighting chance, it is widely supported and well loved. Altruism is the go-to template for standup moral character: selfishness must never be practiced, think only of others, build your life around the lives around you, and so on. Objectivism runs in stark contrast to this, encouraging individuals to define their goals and adjust their behavior accordingly. Objectivism’s primary claim is that selfishness is, indeed, a positive thing, and that it brings about considerable success in
The society in Anthem is a very collectivist society, thus a single individual’s health and survival might not be as important as with an objectivist “society”. However, the society in Anthem does address health and survival in a collectivist way. By having the Old Ones not work and “the State take care of them” this society deals with one of the biggest health problems, old people (7). This society takes a socialist method of health care and the State provides for all of the Old Ones which shows how they are meeting the needs of health and survival. The society takes a different approach on survival. Because of the strong collectivism, individual lives do not matter and “there are no men but only the great WE”, as long as the WE survives any one person can die and the society will not care (3). Anthem’s society takes survival to mean the survival of the whole not the individual. This shows that society is not needed for the individual’s survival, as not only does this society provide little individual health care, Equality 7-2521 in the later part of Anthem is easily able to
Ayn Rand, a Russian-American philosopher who had influenced Western society in 20th century with her ideas of rational egoism, laissez-faire capitalism, elevation of reason and comprehensive philosophical system called Objectivism.
Can being selfish ever be acceptable? Anthem by Ayn Rand and the song “I Get Out” by Lauryn Hill share a similar theme relating to selfishness. “I Get Out” expresses the theme that man should be selfish, with Hill singing of reaching a new and better life strictly for her benefit . In comparison, the theme of Anthem is that one should praise man’s ego and, again, allow themselves to be selfish. Anthem focuses on standing out from the crowd and expressing individual interests for their own sake when Equality, a young man forced into a collectivist society, finally chooses to escape to an independent land.. Both Anthem and “I Get Out” possess the similar theme that man should be selfish, based on both Hill and Equality’s knowledge of better life, their repression by leaders of their society, and the strength of their quest for freedom.
In a society, at what point does uniting to benefit the greater good suppress one’s right to possess individuality? The social and political construct of utmost unity is called collectivism, or the practice of emphasizing a whole picture rather than each individual component. The common theme of collectivism versus individualism is prevalent within the novel Anthem by Ayn Rand, wherein the individual motivations of the members of society are suppressed without their knowledge. While contributing to the greater good may have its appeal, one must learn that for this to be possible, individual sacrifices are necessary. The ultimately collectivist society depicted in Anthem is justified by its rulers through ideas of
Utilitarianism, the belief in doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people, is often seen as a cold and harsh ideology, as shown in Ayn Rand’s Anthem. The book shows the egoistic-capitalists of former society “reborn” into a perfect utilitarian state where there is no individual or self; there is only “brother-man.” The society is led by a hierarchy of councils, which face extremely limited opposition, the only case being Equality 7-2521 evading the World Council of Scholars when the glass box was unveiled. This case of limited opposition is to be expected, as the new system of society ostensibly has no problems; there are enough resources and life sustaining necessities for everyone, but additionally, they do not realize they are oppressed. The aspects of life in Anthem’s universe provides no reason to oppose the councils. However, in order to ingrain themselves into the society of Anthem, the former society has to have implemented certain ideologies to achieve the book’s status quo. Society became extremely utilitarian, as well as egalitarian, abolishing egoism and inequality. “We are nothing. Mankind is all” (21).
As for Ethical egoism, there are a few differences. Ethical egoism is a prescriptive thesis that tells us how we ought to behave. Simply states, humans should always be motivated ultimately by self-interest alone. For example, if Jack wants to steal something to benefit himself, he should do so because it is the right thing for him to do.
Ayn Rand based her novel of the idea of objectivism the idea that reality exists independent of consciousness, and that the proper moral purpose of one's life is the pursuit of one's own happiness or rational self. We see this throughout the entire novel and within all of her characters. Ayn Rand had an interesting perception of selfishness and selflessness, along with her view of objectivism. As a reader we are thinking the opposite of what the characters are thinking, and never know what is going to happen next. Roark and Keating gave new meanings to selfishness and selflessness within the world of architecture.
The power of Ego is the division point between the men of the writings of Ayn Rand; the mind is the tool that built her worlds, and is the only tool that will prevent mankind from facing the same battle that Howard Roark, John Galt, and Prometheus faced.
The ultimate motive of both the altruist and egoist is personal gain. Separating the two ideologies is the method by which this is accomplished. For the altruist, addressing the needs of humanity is purportedly the sole purpose of existence. Egoists, on the other hand, refuse to act if an action does not directly benefit themselves. In The Fountainhead, Ayn Rand addresses the function of altruists and egoists within society through character development. There are four characters in particular who distinctly exhibit the attributes of altruistic and egoistic individuals: Catherine Halsey, Peter Keating, and Ellsworth Toohey possess altruistic qualities; whereas, Howard Roark is explicitly egoistic.
Altruism regards the individual life as something one may be required to sacrifice for the sake of
• Once more, the ordinary science’ proves itself as the master of classification, inventing and defining the various categories of Egoism. Per example, psychological egoism, which defines doctrine that an individual is always motivated by self-interest, then rational egoism which unquestionably advocates acting in self-interest. Ethical egoism as diametrically opposite of ethical altruism which obliges a moral agent to assist the other first, even if sacrifices own interest. Also, ethical egoism differs from both rational and psychological egoism in ‘defending’ doctrine which considers all actions with contributive beneficial effects for an acting individual
Psychological egoism, a descriptive claim about human nature, states that humans by nature are motivated only by self-interest. To act in one's self-interest is to act mainly for one's own good and loving what is one's own (i.e. ego, body, family, house, belongings in general). It means to give one's own interests higher priority then others'. "It (psychological egoism) claims that we cannot do other than act from self-interest motivation, so that altruism-the theory that we can and should sometimes act in favor of others' interests-is simply invalid because it's impossible" (Pojman 85). According to psychological egoists, any act no matter how altruistic it might seem, is actually motivated by some selfish desire of the agent (i.e., desire for reward, avoidance of guilt, personal happiness).
An innumerable amount of men and women alike have searched their entire lives for the idea of a personal sovereignty for themselves. Anyone can find an idea of individuality for themselves, but finding yourself can be challenging in a society without the word I. In such a world very few people find the word egotistical a compliment, however Prometheus, the main character in Ayn Rand’s Anthem, considers the word sacred. Prometheus is an altruist with an egoist attitude, which results in a story about how a boy raised to be altruist, can sway himself to become an egoist, a person who cares for themselves before they care for others...