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Essay of history of nationalism
Essay of history of nationalism
Nationalism in the modern world of history
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Journal Entry Three In the recent weeks, I have noticed a trend in our cultural beliefs regarding groups outside of our own. As a nation, while the United States has a strongly individualistic nature from a personal perspective, there is also a strong collectivist belief regarding everyone outside of themselves and their groups. Rather than believing that each member of an external group is responsible for their decisions alone (myth of individualism), separating them from a collective (one bad apple), the consensus is generally geared opposite. For example, the belief that all immigrants want to steal American jobs, when one is not an immigrant, or that feminists are actually misandrists, when one is not a feminist. What I believe we have …show more content…
in America, then, is not a Myth of Individualism, but of Internal Individualism, alongside a Myth of External Collectivism. While many important issues today come from our individualistic beliefs, I believe our collectivist beliefs in others are of key interest for the upcoming presidential election. It was late at night when I came up with the idea. I was working on the final changes to my Off the Grid essay, but while trying to concentrate, my mind could not get away from a dream I had a few nights before. In the dream, I was a reporter at a rally for Donald Trump. On my repertoire were questions I needed to ask him. First, “If the Muslim ID system you put in place did not decrease the number of terrorist plots in the United States, would you consider deportation?” and second, “If deportation failed to get rid of them, would you be willing to use military force?” My subconscious provided derivative answers, involving “throwing them across the border” and doing whatever was necessary to “make America great again.” Although a dream filled with recycled themes of Trump’s speeches, as well as my own political debates, and hardly anything triggering, it left me with a feeling of inexplicable fear and concern. After spending a few minutes of thought, I realized my fears were because the rhetoric was something I had come across before, that of Adolf Hitler in reference to the Jews. I do not suggest that Trump plans incite an Islamic genocide, but that his fascist ideology regarding Muslims, immigrants, and the disabled as well as his position places him in a situation with the possibility of inciting genocidal acts. A shocking number of people in the United States share his views. If Trump is elected into office, he has the executive power to enact the policies he wants to put into place (likely with little significant backlash from Congress.) Part of this is due to a collective fear of terrorism since September 11, but part of it is also do to this External Collectivist ideology. In the U.S., the typical sequence of judgement goes as follows: Since terrorists attacked the U.S. under Islam, Islam must be an anti-democratic, hateful, and violent religion, and therefore those who practice it must be terrorists or embody these traits. Instead of being a few “bad apples” as it may have been for a Christian terrorist group, the Ku Klux Klan or Christian Identity Movement for example (1), these terrorists are made out to be equal to the others in their “barrel”. In most cases, this is not a problem.
Viewing others’ groups as collective makes people feel more connected to their own group, just as in the book The Myth of Individualism by Peter Callero when the scout troops formed solidarity with one another. However, this “us” and “them” mentality also creates a volatile animosity. In a camp setting, the boy scouts began to fight with one another outside of designated games. In a world setting, we achieve what we have in the United States today between the Anglo-Saxon/Christian majorities versus the minority groups of Islamics. Alternatively, we achieve similar polarity between Christian Germans and Jewish Germans before Hitler’s rise to power, and start America on the path to genocide on its …show more content…
soil. The idea may seem radical and extreme, but of the Eight Stages of Genocide defined by Gregory H. Stanton (2), American society is already at Stage 3, Dehumanization. This stage acts as the turning point from a relatively normal society towards violence. We as a nation have already taken away civil liberties from the Muslim community. Privacy is no longer an option if you are a Muslim in the United States. The government is allowed to search through personal data and documents, travel ability is restricted, and placement on a watch list is likely, even for the most distant relatives of a suspected terrorist. These are violation of our “unalienable rights” that we as humans were, “endowed by our creator”. Therefore, to take these rights away from a specific group of individuals is to passively regard them as ‘less than human’. If Trump were elected, his external-collectivist ideology coupled with fascist extremism, would have him enact the Identification System for Muslims in the United States, bring back more ‘enhanced’ methods of torture, and ban entrance of Muslims from entering the nation. This action would bring America from a Stage 3 to a Stage 4 (Organization; acts of genocide (including forced deportation) are no longer individual, but orchestrated by a group or government body). If my nightmare were to become reality, and deportation was not enough to provide a satisfactory ‘national security’, we would likely reach Stage 5 (Polarization) , or even 6 (Preparation). Of course, this is all only speculation based on what has occurred with similar situations in the past.
Reading the news mere moments ago, people are realizing Trump’s viewpoints are too fascist even for the furthest right-wing GOP member, denouncing his actions and beliefs. However, the very possibility of genocide on U.S. soil does bring up a different side to the Myth of Individualism. Perhaps it is not individualism itself that is the issue, but that it is not traded off through viewing ourselves as a collective as well. If everyone in the world saw themselves as both individuals and affected within their environments. As well as, viewed everyone else in a similar light, then perhaps a greater interconnectivity and understanding could be reached. Perhaps it is following the old saying, ‘put yourself in someone else’s shoes’ that is required to act as a prevention of sorts. I will say, however, that history has already placed her bets against us. It is up to us as a people to decide if she will
win.
The constant debate over the school systems in America, have yielded a discussion over whether these school systems promote individuality through ones’ schoolwork or if the whole system is set up to conform every student. Some important issues to discuss when looking at schools causing individuality or conformity are school dress codes, rigid school schedules and classes, and little creativity promoted in schools.
Individualism is considered to have many meanings, such as individual rights and freedoms, economic freedom and equality, self-interest, and can also be expressed as one’s self. The three sources depict the idea of individuals and the roles they hold in society and how it is being manipulated.
The United States has come a long way since the proverbial era of slavery that brought blatant, public, and violent discrimination against colored individuals. Also, must not limit our view of racism to just violent acts or we will miss the true identity of racism. Moreover, there are many dilemmas and problematic notions that reveal remaining hatred towards non-whites. We often incur behavior that we shrug off because they are seen as normal thought processes, but we need to examine, question and criticize ourselves, what we accept, and the way others conduct themselves. Three fallacies on racism that have been manifested over the minds of many are the Tokenistic, Ahistorical, and Individualistic fallacy. The aforementioned fallacies must
Are we as a society agreeing with putting are individualism at risk for social stability? Aldous Huxley in Brave New World where the idea about personality is set away for world peace, Is this the right thing to do. We have already became intuned with allowing are personal live almost become non existent with social media taking over our personal lives. Mustapha Mond a world Leader believes in sacrificing real feelings and emotional attachments for stability. This means no families, no love, and no real individuals. But, at least there are no wars and everyone is happy, will simulated happiness. The New World’s motto is “Community, Identity, and Stability” (1) which is ironic, due to the fact that there is no community with no relationships, no identity sense everyone is government controlled, even though the New World is very Stable that seems to be broken down when one does not take soma. Is Mustapha Mond concepts acceptable to protect the public?
The 1970’s in the United States are thought of as an era of individualism. Virtually all aspects of culture and society changed during this time. The gay rights movement began to gain widespread support during this decade. The stock market gained another index, named Nasdaq, which would eventually become the second largest exchange in the world, behind only the New York Stock Exchange. Even music was changing throughout the country; bands like ABBA, the BeeGees, and The Village People opened the doors to the glittery world of disco. One major event that carried over from the sixties were the protests of the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. Citizens felt that the United States had no business being in Vietnam because they felt liberating
Do individuals have the inherent right to disobey what they see as unjust laws? What would be consequences of this? Is there any reasonable basis for concluding that this behavior would be justified in a society or community? Philosophical questions such as these have been pondered for centuries and will never be antiquated. Interpreting what an individuals’ personal internal locus of control is guiding, urging them to believe and what is true or just is in our nature just as the desire to evaluate and determine the validity of the government’s actions is a fundamental right.
Does one’s life belong to himself or to the community/society he lives in? Well, perspective varies from person to person. If you go and take private data from people you meet and analyze the data, you would see the diversity in opinions. Those opinions have their distinct evidence to back standout. Technically, every argument being raised can be expressed as a two-way street. It’s true that more or less than half the people you obtain the data from likely to choose individualism and the rest would likely to choose collectivism for public good; but, what really matters is which group has more weight on their side, and by weight, I mean the individual’s capability in debugging the context the finest way possible and demonstrating the understanding
Both Individualism (independence) and collectivism (interdependence) are social constructs that describes societies (Cross et al., 2010). An individualist is a person who places their needs before others (Cross, Hardin & Gercek, 2010). They are unique, outspoken (Dion & Dion, 1993) and tend to originate from the Western world (Fiske & Taylor, 1984). While a collectivist, prioritises the groups needs before his or her own, connected to their social context and tend to come from the Eastern world (Fiske et al., 1984). Such social constructs are very useful in understanding behaviour and motives, as they do determine them (Markus & Kitayama, 1991). On the other hand, researchers have found social constructs to be too simplistic, as countries are categorised, as either
“If society exists through relationships with one another, then it is guided by the rules of conduct that apply to those relationships” (Pearson 18). The authors explains about the expectations of college students in a classroom. There were three students who would not stop talking during the lecture. The rest of the students encouraged them to stop talking. The professor did not have to tell the students to quiet down. Instead, the other students told them for the professor. Racism can also be like this situation. For an example, Adolf Hitler is the professor, the quiet students is Germany, and the talkative students is the Jewish community. Hitler does not need to kill the Jewish community, instead, his country does the killing for him. To solve racism with social norms, a larger group who is not racist can tell and teach a smaller group how not to be. The smaller group will notice the larger group is not racist and may
Individualism is all about taking care of yourself; it is the belief and practice that every person is unique and self-reliant. A belief in individualism also implies that you believe that the government should bud out of your individual affairs. It is characterized by the pursuit of one's own goal without the reference to others. I am an individualistic and I personally have own goals in my life. I wanted what it is good for me and the things that benefits me. Historically, Christopher Columbus conquer and spread the religious beliefs, knowledge, philosophy, and medicine to many people around the globe. This only shows that he wanted what is best for his country. Same with Adolf Hitler, in order for his country to improve, he did wants
small in any aspect of life. Once exhibited properly, such guidance is meant to be a communal force that eliminates private individualism.
Human beings are predisposed to group themselves into communities often on arbitrary basis’ (such as sports teams) to foster a sense of belonging. This is a beneficial trait that allows for a sense of self within a community, which is integral to the mental wellbeing of humans. Since “Ingroups” are created by groups of people who hold a shared belief or characteristic (ethnicity, gender, religious affiliation etc.), there is typically a group who holds an alternate, if not completely opposite belief. Strict adherence to “Ingroup” and “Outgroup” distinctions can lead to the dehumanization of the perceived “Outgroup” and cause serious rifts if the two groups reside in a single society. This is evidently seen in the conversation between communities
Ethnocentric individuals judge other cultures by standard and values relative to their own ethnicity. The concept serves to develop cultural differences and distinctiveness, defining each ethnicity’s unique cultural identity. Ethnocentrism is a universal condition that is unavoidable due to the inherently partial judgement about others in perspective of one’s own cultural values regardless of whether the assumption that our own culture is preferable or better has been made. When there is an inherent belief or practice to one’s own culture, it will be challenging for people to judge certain situation based on the viewpoint of another. Even an opinion of paedophilia in Saudi Arabia being wrong or one’s fashion sense being bad, are forms of biasedness as our judgement is aligned to our own
Would you give into temptation or would you do your own thing? Being an individual is being single or separate from others. Following the crowd means going along with the majority or doing what others are doing. Being an individual is more important than following the crowd.
In recent years, a discussion regarding education has increasingly emphasized teachers’ role in promoting student academic growth through personalism. Phillippo explains personalism as, policies that ask teachers’ to develop individual relationship with students at a professional level for student achievement (Phillippo, p. 441). Urban school districts have promoted these policies by converting large schools into smaller schools. Research on student-teacher relationships for the most part support policies of personalism (Phillippo, p. 441). Students who have a professional relationship with their teachers tend to be more successful in school. Phillippo’s study was based off of high school students, but notes that it can extend beyond the high