Attentional Capture

A review of attentional capture: The impact of the infrequently appearing sudden onset with different conditions
Abstract
1. Start with one sentence summary, provide aim for the study &reason
2. Describe participants and setting: who, when, where, how many, what groups?
3. Describe the major findings, may include a mention of the statistics used & significance levels, or one sentence summing up outcome.
4. Final sentences outline the studies “contribution to knowledge” with literature. What does it all mean? Mention the implication of your findings.
This research report is expected to show the differences in cognitive load through the series of conditions based on attentional capture. The participation is hold by the three hundreds psychology

student in The findings may be useful in psychological science which help discuss the relation between Yantis and Neo’s previous research for the attentional capture. Previous research guided by Yantis and Jo.. has shown….
However, the present research examined how the attentional capture works…
There are some improvement which mentioned in discussion….
The implication of the current findings are mentioned about the cognitive load in

Capturing attention
Empirical and theoretical evidence both propose that the sudden appearance of an object in the visual field captures an observer’s attention (Yantis & Jonides,1990). According to Yantis (1993), the understanding of human visual selection is controlled by varies of different ways which could be related on stimulus-driven capture and goal-directed selection. The selection is goal-directed by selecting the information which is satisfied for a few goal-defined criterion. Several researchers in 1990s and 2000s have used different experimental hypothesises to find the attentional capture.
The early research which established by Yantis and Jonides (1990) has found that attentional capture by sudden-onset is not significantly automatic because of the intentionality criterion. The observer’s visual attention system is effective by offering the high priority to sudden-onset when attention is spreading. However, another research by Neo and Chua (2006) has shown that the novelty of onset could increase the ability in attentional capture, even the attention had been captured somewhere else. The relevance of both researches are focused on the sudden-onset with different conditions which may also relate to the current research.
Obviously, most of the previous studies have focused on the idea of the different appearance for the sudden-onset in attentional capture. According to Yantis and Jonides’ findings, most of the results so far demonstrated that the attentional capture by a sudden onset automatically disrupts, the conclusion seems not consistent due to the current research on attentional capture. There is not much significant information related to the difference from the number of the sudden-onset appearing in each trails to capture attention. Nonetheless, Neo and Chua’s finding are similar to the current study which has mentioned the impact of frequency of sudden onset captures attention when is rarer. Most of the results of the experiments are similar with the research of Neo and Chua(2006), and only a few results are related to Yantis and Jonides(1990).
To examine this further, the current study stated the aim that, when sudden-onset is rare in the experimental trails, then the attention will be more likely to capture with better learning techniques.

In a result, distinguishing between the different conditions of the experiments is widely considered the change of the target appearance to demonstrate the attentional capture. Therefore, this research report will assess the hypothesis which regarding the impact of infrequency sudden-onset in several conditions by different location of the target can provide a significant different results as well as the significance of different cognitive load by comparing with the high load and low load conditions. In addition, the current research will give a new understanding to explain that how the infrequency sudden-onset affects the attentional capture through the different location of the target appearing in

conditions.
Results

Figure 1. The obtained raw mean reaction time for each condition at baseline compared to the distractor sudden-onset control
Mean reaction time for these six conditions of experiment are presented in Figure 1. Comparing with the reaction time between baseline and the distractor sudden-onset control in condition 2 and 4 (p-value =0.003,0.002 respectively) which showed significant difference by the graph, there were no much significant differences in condition 1 and 3 (p-value =0.422,0.224 respectively). The most significant difference is found in condition 4, which the reaction time for the participants found attentional capture with baseline is much faster than the one with distractor sudden-onset in 31.0564 milliseconds. Similarly, the difference of the reaction time between the baseline and distractor sudden-onset control in condition 2 is 27.2023 milliseconds.
Discussion
The purpose of this research is to examine how the rare sudden-onset capture attention with different condition. The cognitive load affect attentional capture with the different conditions. We predicted that the (…). In this research,
Thus, the hypothesis was partially supported for the different conditions.
A possible interpretation in this study is cognitive load, the cognitive load arises when the participants do not know when the target will appear.
2&3: relate key finding to hypotheses in a precise, research
The findings of this study are consistent with Yantis and Jonides(1990), which…
it is supported by the hypothesis…comparing with the previous researches, the current research is similar to Neo but different from Yanti.. it is because of the condition….
Taken together, these findings suggest that…..
Research on the difference from the cognitive load could continue in several conditions. Firstly….
Moreover,….
The study could ask
Perhaps….

4: describe key implications and applications of research(limitation)
of strengths of your study, more research needed to be used in the further study…
The research need to be improved in the further research about…
When the participants are doing the research, some of the students wore the earphone that tried to concentrate on the study, but most of them did not, these might be a difference due to the baseline and the sudden-onset. When the student did wrong, the sound will occur from the computer, the speed of the student to respond the participation are so different, so the sound happened alternative and unpredicted. They will influence of other participants while they are doing the participation
The height of the students is different, and when they are running the participation, the researcher does not know if they are focusing on or not, the angle of the student’s eyes which looking at the screen is different. They should be provided a stand which can fix the problem, the student can put their lower jaw on the chin strap.
The distance for the students to look at the screen is varied.
There might be some in-attentional blindness
Gender difference?(females and males’ attention focus one different things? Which one is

better?)
Neo and Chua’s(2006) experiment by capturing attention using the “flashy dot” sudden onset will be the focus on the further investigation which might provide a different result from Yantis and Jonides’(1990).
One limitation of the present study is that all participants are of high education levels. Future replications can compare the participants across the educational … whether these factors indeed interact with the previous study and the present research.
The further study can be improved by using the flashy dot sudden onset from Neo and Chua’s experiment, it may have the different result from the current study.

References
Lavie, N., Hirst, A., De Fockert, J., & Viding, E. (2004). Load Theory Of Selective Attention And Cognitive Control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 339-354.
Neo, G., & Chua, F. (2006). Capturing focused attention. Perception & Psychophysics, 1286-1296.
Yantis, S. (1993). Stimulus-driven attentional capture. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 156-161.
Yantis, S., & Jonides, J. (1990). Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: Voluntary versus automatic allocation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 121-134.