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Racism and literature
Affect of apartheid
Racism in america literature
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In his work “The Dramatic Art of Athol Fugard,” Albert Wertheim discusses Athol Fugard’s creation of “the voice of inner truth, […] a voice with which we speak from the heart” (19). Wertheim mentions how Fugard’s The Blood Knot is the first of his works to implement such a voice. Cumbrously, The Blood Knot is such a dense piece of work that critics dispute over what exactly this voice articulates. Fugard forages through topics such as raciality, apartheid and white supremacy in South Africa, brotherhood and familial ties, and many other themes. For the purpose of this essay, the voice of inner truth speaks of the importance of self identity and the power associated with it. In The Blood Knot, Fugard creates a power struggle between Morris and Zachariah, in which Zachariah possesses dominance, to display through their characterization that power comes from assurance of one’s self, not from one’s external qualities. Section 1: Brief discussion of the setting and power Knowledge of the setting of the play is imperative to understanding the pressures and emphasis on race and skin color. The Blood Knot takes place in Korsten, Port Elizabeth, a non-white town in South Africa sometime in the mid-twentieth century (Fugard Scene 1). During this time in South Africa a phenomenon termed the apartheid played a major role in the state’s society. In his work “Some Problems of a Playwright from South Africa,” Athol Fugard describes the apartheid as, “the appalling scenario of oppression and injustice in my country,” (Fugard 382). The apartheid was a governmentally supported system of strict colonial, racial segregation that took place throughout the mid and later portion of the twentieth century until the late 1980s, wher... ... middle of paper ... ...Print. Russell Vandenbroucke explores Morris and Zachariah's brotherhood, especially focusing on characterization. He utilizes primary quotations from Fugard to support many of his claims. Vandenbroucke puts emphasis on the role-playing games the brothers play. This source provided support for my claim regarding Morris paying more attention to the power struggle than Zachariah does. Wertheim, Albert. "The Port Elizabeth Plays: The Voice with Which We Speak from the Heart." The Dramatic Art of Athol Fugard: From South Africa to the World. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000. 17-32. Print. Albert Wertheim's book analyzes the dynamic of the brotherhood between Zachariah and Morris while he simultaneously comments on their characterization. From this source, I obtained excellent support for my claims and even utilized this to be a portion of the basis of my argument.
Elizabeth Ammon’s “The Myth of Imperial Whiteness” and Kenneth Bernard’s “Imagery and Symbolism in Ethan Frome” both have two vastly different perspectives on the same work of literature. Ammons goes into extensive detail to support the concept of racism that exists in Ethan Frome. Through the rich usage of symbolism, dynamic and static characters as well as imagery, Bormand offers his analysis on the characterization of Ethan Frome as well. Through the comparison of each critical work’s beginning, or introduction and conclusion, the variations in style and approach are quickly perceived.
Ever since the abolition of slavery in the United States, America has been an ever-evolving nation, but it cannot permanently erase the imprint prejudice has left. The realities of a ‘post-race world’ include the acts of everyday racism – those off-handed remarks, glances, implied judgments –which flourish in a place where explicit acts of discrimination have been outlawed. It has become a wound that leaves a scar on every generation, where all have felt what Rankine had showcased the words in Ligon’s art, “I feel most colored when I am thrown against a sharp white background” (53). Furthermore, her book works in constant concert with itself as seen in the setting of the drugstore as a man cuts in front of the speaker saying, “Oh my god, I didn’t see you./ You must be in a hurry, you offer./ No, no, no, I really didn’t see you” (77). Particularly troublesome to the reader, as the man’s initial alarm, containing an assumed sense of fear, immediately changing tone to overtly insistent over what should be an accidental mistake. It is in these moments that meaning becomes complex and attention is heightened, illuminating everyday prejudice. Thus, her use of the second person instigates curiosity, ultimately reaching its motive of self-reflections, when juxtaposed with the other pieces in
In the novel, the author proposes that the African American female slave’s need to overcome three obstacles was what unavoidably separated her from the rest of society; she was black, female, and a slave, in a white male dominating society. The novel “locates black women at the intersection of racial and sexual ideologies and politics (12).” White begins by illustrating the Europeans’ two major stereotypes o...
In this particular play we are more focused on black identity in a sense as they are trying to find themselves, whether it be as an African American, woman or man. More in a sense they don’t feel complete because of the past and current circumstances that they are in. And just like the Dutchman, this play does deal with some racial discrimination. Herald Loomis is taken from his family to work for the fictitious “Joe Turner” chain gang.
In, “The Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass”, readers get a first person perspective on slavery in the South before the Civil War. The author, Frederick Douglass, taught himself how to read and write, and was able to share his story to show the evils of slavery, not only in regard to the slaves, but with regard to masters, as well. Throughout Douglass’ autobiography, he shares his disgust with how slavery would corrupt people and change their whole entire persona. He uses ethos, logos, and pathos to help establish his credibility, and enlighten his readers about what changes needed to be made.
The key themes of Baldwin’s essay are love, hatred, rage, and anger. These themes quickly transform into recurring strands that Baldwin applies throughout his essay. These ...
Detrimental stereotypes of minorities affect everyone today as they did during the antebellum period. Walker’s subject matter reminds people of this, as does her symbolic use of stark black and white. Her work shocks. It disgusts. The important part is: her work elicits a reaction from the viewer; it reminds them of a dark time in history and represents that time in the most fantastically nightmarish way possible. In her own words, Walker has said, “I didn’t want a completely passive viewer, I wanted to make work where the viewer wouldn’t walk away; he would either giggle nervously, get pulled into history, into fiction, into something totally demeaning and possibly very beautiful”. Certainly, her usage of controversial cultural signifiers serve not only to remind the viewer of the way blacks were viewed, but that they were cast in that image by people like the viewer. Thus, the viewer is implicated in the injustices within her work. In a way, the scenes she creates are a subversive display of the slim power of slave over owner, of woman over man, of viewed over
I think this play is a lot about what does race mean, and to what extent do we perform race either onstage or in life:
Although the film is slow, it takes on surprising power from the dignity of its performances and the moral strength of its ideas. The book is the same way except you are being fed more of the characters emotion through words than through pictures. Not every moment of the film is as potent as the book (which is noted for passages of passion and impassioned eloquence), but as I said before overcomes its own limitations to become a glorious tribute to the workings of a faith that does not blind but opens up the human spirit (Douglas 25). Alan Paton's novel of apartheid in 1940s South Africa receives a sanitized and overly sentimental treatment in this film, a little trivializing to the book's relentless power.
Stone, Albert. “Identity and Art in Frederick Douglass’s ‘Narrative’.” Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism: Volume 7. Ed. Paula Kepos. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1990. 134-137.
Over historical progression, African Americans have faced a surfeit of injustices that are addressed throughout numerous works of literature. One of the most frequently discussed themes in African American literature related to these injustices is social issues in an interracial community. With various literary techniques, the central topic of social issues due to race portrayed. Ida B. Wells-Barnett’s A Red Record and Alain Locke’s The New Negro address the social issues of racial brutality, inferiority and social controversy in an interracial society.
Examination into the true heart of experience and meaning, Charles Johnson’s Middle Passage looks at the structures of identity and the total transformation of the self. The novel talks about the hidden assumptions of human and literary identity and brings to view the real problems of these assumptions through different ideas of allusion and appropriation. As the novel tells Rutherford Calhoun’s transformation of un-awareness allows him to cross “the sea of suffering” (209) making him forget who he really is. The novel brings forth the roots of human “being” and the true complications and troubles of African American experiences. Stuck between posed questions of identity, the abstract body is able to provide important insight into the methods and meanings in Middle Passage.
Slavery has always been a difficult topic to talk about throughout the centuries’. The issue of race has always been associated with slavery. Ever since the begging of time, slavery and indentured servitude has been seen with a various amount of ethnicities. In the novel we meet Florens, a slave that Mr. Jacob Vaark accepts as a paymen...
Krasner, David. Resistance, Parody, and Double Consciousness in African American Theatre: 1895-1910. Basingstoke: MacMillan, 1997. Print.
... generations. Racial tensions have resulted in tragedies; Clay’s murder in the end of the play is a symbolic portrayal of an innocent man attacked for the color of his skin and nothing more. The art of theatre attacks the audience to consider these social issues. At the end of Dutchman the audience is left uncomfortable, shocked and left to piece together the role of Lula, Clay and the flying Dutchman subway cart are metaphors for problems greater than the play’s conflict.