Assisted Reproductive Technology
One Word Essay
Infertility is a serious problem affecting millions of couples around the world. In the developing world alone about 186 million couples are unable to conceive their offspring (Geoffrey, In Vitro Fertilization 24). Infertility can be defined as the inability to conceive after one full year of regular, normal sexual intercourse without the use of any contraception. As shown in the fig.1, it is clearly showed that in recent years, the pregnancy rate has fallen as the infertility rate has increased up to 48% due to various factors, which could have affected resulting this data. Although the causes of infertility cannot be identified for 10% of couples, there are some common causes that could have resulted the infertility (Fig.2). Many women choose to delay having a family in order to establish their careers. As shown in fig.3,
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It is one of the most common cause of infertility. It leads to scar tissue development which in turn can prevent the ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes from functioning (which is essential for implantation and fertilization to happen) Premature ovarian failure Known as early menopause. It is usually due to smoking, drugs and cancer treatments. stops producing eggs many years before she normally would (around age of 50).
Male Sperm problems Low sperm production can result from poor testosterone. Poor quality sperm may result from drug, alcohol abuse, and poor nutrition. If sperms are limited, then the chances that they will successfully fertilize an egg decrease. If sperm is not fully developed then it would be difficult for its tail to travel to egg.
Couples/ Unidentified infertility Combination infertilities it could be due to the overweight, and insufficient exercise Higher risks of getting sexual
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2.1 million married couples experience troubles with infertility. Infertility is defined as trying for over a year and not becoming pregnant for women under 35 and trying for six months for women over 35. The cause of the infertility is a male factor one third of the instances, female another third, ten percent of the cause is a combination of both male and female factors and the remaining twenty percent is not apparent. In vitro fertilization is a process that tries to eliminate the problems inherent in the mother and father. It involves an egg is fer...
The advancement and continued developments of third-party assisted reproductive medical practices has allowed many prospective parents, regardless of their marital status, age, or sexual orientation, to have a new opportunity for genetically or biologically connected children. With these developments come a number of rather complex ethical issues and ongoing discussions regarding assisted reproduction within our society today. These issues include the use of reproductive drugs, gestational services such as surrogacy as well as the rights of those seeking these drugs and services and the responsibilities of the professionals who offer and practice these services.
For many years, infertile couples have had difficulty facing the reality that they can not have children. According to Nidus Information Services Incorporated, 6.2 million women in the United States are infertile. This problem leads to many options. A few options have been used for a long period of time: the couple could adopt a child or keep trying to have a child themselves. For those couples that want to have their own children, there are new options arising. In vetro fertilization is an option that gives couples the chance to have a doctor combine the male's sperm and the woman's eggs in a petri dish and implant them into the woman's womb after the artificial conception. This may result in multiple pregnancies - more than five in some cases. This does not only occur in implantation, however. Many times the patient's doctor will ask her to consider selective reduction: aborting a few fetuses to save the ones she can. In a case of multiple pregnancy, selective reduction should be considered an option.
During the last two decades there has been an increase in discoveries about reproductive technologies. These new scientific break-trough’s, for example, conceiving a child outside a mother’s uterus; brings question to religious, legal and ethical morals. The Orthodox community in particular have many concerns regarding the new developments associated with reproductive technologies. Although there are many questions, not all the answers are readily available as many of the prominent Orthodox rabbis disagree on how to answer these concerning questions.
IVF accounts for 99% of reproductive procedures, in 2009 out of those pregnancy was achieved and average of 29.4% of all cycles with 22.4% of cycles that resulted in love births. A woman's age is a major factor in the success of IVF, a woman who is under age 35 has a 39.6% chance of having a baby, while a woman over age 40 has an 11.5% chance.” (Todd) For a woman to have her best chances of conception with IVF, she needs to act quickly to ensure that her eggs are young. The younger or fresher the woman’s eggs are the more viable they are for successful
“Managing Infertility.” USNews.com. Stanford University Medical Center, 31 Mar. 2007. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. .
Endometriosis is a condition where the endometrial tissue that lines the inside of the uterus is found outside of the uterus. Endometriosis is found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the lining of the pelvic cavity, and the outer surface of the uterus. Other sites are the vagina, cervix, vulva, bowel, bladder, or rectum. In some rare cases it can also be found in the lungs, brain, and skin. Endometriosis effects an estimated 10% of all women during their reproductive years. This is about 176 million women, who have the symptoms of endometriosis. (Reference) Even though growths of endometriosis are benign they still cause many problems. Once a month, hormones cause a woman’s uterus lining to build up with tissue and blood. If the woman does not become pregnant, the uterus sheds this tissue and blood. The tissue and blood leave the body through the vagina this is known as a menstrual period. In woman with endometriosis the tissue and blood that is shed into the body during menstruation can cause pain, inflammation, and scar tissue. When the endometrial tissue grows, it covers the ovaries and can block the fallopian tubes. Trapped blood can form cysts. It will also form scar tissue and ...
There is one dream that every little girl has when growing up, that is becoming a mother; to love and watch her children grow. No one ever dreams of that not happening to them or being part of that group being label as infertile. It happens to millions of women living in the United States every day. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is the most common endocrine disease that affects women of reproductive age, which is typically puberty to menopause. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome does not only affect a woman’s ovaries and chances of conceiving, but it affects the whole endocrine system in the body. It can cause Excess Androgen Production, Insulin Resistant, Obesity, Hirsute and Cardiovascular problems.
However, sometimes nature just decides that some men and some women are not going to have children and that is perfectly alright. Furthermore, the trick to infertility is knowing that it can happen to anyone and realizing the steps that need to take place if it is happening to a couple. Simple fertility test and testing clinics are available to determine whether the couple’s bodies are equipped for
Donor-assisted insemination is a process that enables a woman to conceive a child through the donated sperm/egg of a male or female. Donor insemination is a technique that has been used around the world for fifty eight years. This technique is often used in situations where a man or woman suffer from infertility and are unable to produce children on their own. Donor-insemination is also used to help gay people or single people have children. In these cases, the child grow up to never know their genetic father/mother. The children born from donor- assisted reproduction only have access to basic, non-identifying information such as: race, height, eye-color, etc. This is not enough information to settle the donor-inseminated (DI) children's desire to know about their parents. I personally think the DI children have a natural right to know where they came from. Many DI children say that knowing about their genetic parent is something that they desire more than anything in the world. These children have a right to know about their genetic background, not only for themselves, but for their children as well.
As of 1995, 20,000 babies had been born as a result of ART treatments.2 Since then, many women and couples have sought the services of IVF clinics all over the world with hopes of the miracle of conception. These people are usually ones who suffer from some sort of condition that renders them inferti...
Selective abortion is permitted when a particular fetus is perceived as having undesirable characteristics. These include cases of sex-selective abortion where the unborn child is a girl, and the parents, for cultural or other reasons, want a boy or the fetus does not suit the parents in some other way. (Selective abortion, 2009) But generally, the reason for selective a...
I do believe the author’s conclusions were warranted given the study’s design. By using the results obtained from this study counselors can determine how to best help clients with various types of infertility issues. As the results of the study revealed the etiology of the infertility could be correlated with the type of stress the client experiences.
With every new technology that is born, there must be many questions as to whether this technology is beneficial or harmful as well as analyze who is affects. This especially holds true in dealing with the technology of artificial insemination. With the cultural mainstreaming of artificial insemination, there have been many articles written discussing the ethics of such decisions. Most of these articles are written by feminist authors with the purpose of discussing the impact of this new technology on women and how it affects their roles as mothers in society.